Driver Distraction Identification with an Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported 1.25 million deaths yearly due to road traffic accidents worldwide and the number has been continuously increasing over the last few years. Nearly fifth of these accidents are caused by distracted drivers. Existing work of distracted driver detection is concerned with a small set of distractions (mostly, cell phone usage). Unreliable ad-hoc methods are often used.In this paper, we present the first publicly available dataset for driver distraction identification with more distraction postures than existing alternatives. In addition, we propose a reliable deep learning-based solution that achieves a 90% accuracy. The system consists of a genetically-weighted ensemble of convolutional neural networks, we show that a weighted ensemble of classifiers using a genetic algorithm yields in a better classification confidence. We also study the effect of different visual elements in distraction detection by means of face and hand localizations, and skin segmentation. Finally, we present a thinned version of our ensemble that could achieve 84.64% classification accuracy and operate in a real-time environment.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1706.0949

Značajke građe i optička svojstava otpuštenih tankih slojeva cdin2se4

CdIn2Se4 chalcogenides thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation process. The effect of thermal annealing in vacuum on the growth characteristics of the deposited films was studied using X-ray and transmission electron microscopy techniques. It was observed that the as deposited films (300 K) were poorly crystalline. The degree of crystallinity increases with increasing the annealing temperature from 300 to 500 K. The compositional elemental analysis of CdIn2Se4 thin films annealed at 500 K was found to be nearly stoichiometric, however, films annealed in vacuum at 575 K partially dissociated into two binary phases with CdIn2Se4 as the major phase. The effect of the annealing temperature on the dispersion of the refractive index of the deposited films was investigated and analyzed within the single effective-oscillator approach. Changes of the dispersion parameters were also investigated as a function of the annealing temperature. Analysis of the optical absorption data revealed the existence of allowed direct and indirect optical transitions, and both values of energy gaps decrease with increasing annealing temperature.Isparavanjem u vakuumu pripremali smo tanke slojeve halkogenida CdIn2Se4. Proučavali smo učinke toplinskog otpuštanja u vakuumu na strukturne značajke naparenih slojeva primjenom difrakcije X-zračenja i prolazne elektronske mikroskopije. Opaža se da su svježe (na 300 K) napareni slojevi slabo kristalinični. Stupanj kristaliničnosti povećava se s povišenjem temperature otpuštanja između 300 i 500 K. Analize elementalnog sastava tankih slojeva CdIn2Se4 otpuštenih do 500 K pokazale su gotovo točan stoihiometrijski sastav, međutim, slojevi otpušteni na 575 K djelomično se razlažu u dvije binarne faze, dok CdIn2Se4 ostaje glavna faza. Mjerili smo učinke otpuštanja na disperzivnost indeksa loma naparenih slojeva i analizirali ishode jedno-oscilatornim modelom. Promjene parametara disperzije također smo istraživali u ovisnosti o temperaturi otpuštanja. Analize podataka za optičku apsorpciju ukazuju na postojanje dozvoljenih izravnih i neizravnih optičkih prijelaza s padom širina procijepa za povećne temperature otpuštanja

Značajke građe i optička svojstava otpuštenih tankih slojeva cdin2se4

CdIn2Se4 chalcogenides thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation process. The effect of thermal annealing in vacuum on the growth characteristics of the deposited films was studied using X-ray and transmission electron microscopy techniques. It was observed that the as deposited films (300 K) were poorly crystalline. The degree of crystallinity increases with increasing the annealing temperature from 300 to 500 K. The compositional elemental analysis of CdIn2Se4 thin films annealed at 500 K was found to be nearly stoichiometric, however, films annealed in vacuum at 575 K partially dissociated into two binary phases with CdIn2Se4 as the major phase. The effect of the annealing temperature on the dispersion of the refractive index of the deposited films was investigated and analyzed within the single effective-oscillator approach. Changes of the dispersion parameters were also investigated as a function of the annealing temperature. Analysis of the optical absorption data revealed the existence of allowed direct and indirect optical transitions, and both values of energy gaps decrease with increasing annealing temperature.Isparavanjem u vakuumu pripremali smo tanke slojeve halkogenida CdIn2Se4. Proučavali smo učinke toplinskog otpuštanja u vakuumu na strukturne značajke naparenih slojeva primjenom difrakcije X-zračenja i prolazne elektronske mikroskopije. Opaža se da su svježe (na 300 K) napareni slojevi slabo kristalinični. Stupanj kristaliničnosti povećava se s povišenjem temperature otpuštanja između 300 i 500 K. Analize elementalnog sastava tankih slojeva CdIn2Se4 otpuštenih do 500 K pokazale su gotovo točan stoihiometrijski sastav, međutim, slojevi otpušteni na 575 K djelomično se razlažu u dvije binarne faze, dok CdIn2Se4 ostaje glavna faza. Mjerili smo učinke otpuštanja na disperzivnost indeksa loma naparenih slojeva i analizirali ishode jedno-oscilatornim modelom. Promjene parametara disperzije također smo istraživali u ovisnosti o temperaturi otpuštanja. Analize podataka za optičku apsorpciju ukazuju na postojanje dozvoljenih izravnih i neizravnih optičkih prijelaza s padom širina procijepa za povećne temperature otpuštanja

Adenosine A2A Receptor Blockade Prevents Rotenone-Induced Motor Impairment in a Rat Model of Parkinsonism

Pharmacological studies implicate the blockade of adenosine receptorsas an effective strategy for reducing Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms. The objective of this study is to elucidate the possible protective effects of ZM241385 and 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dipropylxanthine, two selective A2A and A1 receptor antagonists, on a rotenone rat model of PD. Rats were split into four groups: vehicle control (1 ml/kg/48 h), rotenone (1.5 mg/kg/48 h, s.c.), ZM241385 (3.3 mg/kg/day, i.p) and 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dipropylxanthine (5 mg/kg/day, i.p). After that, animals were subjected to behavioral (stride length and grid walking) and biochemical (measuring concentration of dopamine levels using high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC). In the rotenone group, rats displayed a reduced motor activity and disturbed movement coordination in the behavioral tests and a decreased dopamine concentration as foundby HPLC. The effect of rotenone was partially prevented in the ZM241385 group, but not with 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine administration. The administration of ZM241385 improved motor function and movement coordination (partial increase of stride length and partial decrease in the number of foot slips) and an increase in dopamine concentration in the rotenone-injected rats. However, the 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine and rotenone groups were not significantly different. These results indicate that selective A2A receptor blockade by ZM241385, but not A1 receptor blockadeby 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, may treat PD motor symptoms. This reinforces the potential use of A2A receptor antagonists as a treatment strategy for PD patients

Review of 89 autopsies of child deaths from violence and neglect in the Suez Canal area, Egypt

AbstractIn Egypt there are no true data about the incidences of child deaths from violence and neglect. The study aims to investigate child deaths associated with violence or neglect. Cases of suspected child deaths from 2000 to 2007 in the Suez Canal area were retrospectively reviewed. Cases were collected from the database of the Forensic Institution of Port-Said. A medico-legal autopsy had been carried out for all cases. Of the 89 cases, 56 were males and 33 were females.Resultsrevealed that child deaths were 41.6% in newborns less than one month old, 29.2% in the age group between 15 and 18years old, and 5.6% in the age group between 10 and 14years old. The majority of perpetrators were unknown (44.95%), followed by victim’s colleagues and neighbors (22.47%). Neglect with no outward signs represented the majority of child deaths (41.57%). Blunt trauma used in an abusive manner during street arguments was the second cause of homicidal deaths (19.1%).The highest rate of child deaths was in newborns and early youth. There is need for further examination of child fatality profiles associated with abuse and neglect in this age group and an increase in community outreach efforts to prevent fatal child abuse in Egypt

Synthesis of New Formyl Halo N-methylimidazole Derivatives

Bromo-formyl imidazoles 16-20 have been prepared by three different ways. The first consisted of conversion of bromo or iodo imidazoles 1-6 into diethyl acetals 13-15, and subsequent hydrolysis into formyl derivatives 7-9. In the second, bromination of. formyl imidazoles with NBS afforded compounds 16-18 in 45-70°/o yield. The third method used direct formylation of bromo imidazoles 10-12 with n-BuLi/DMF reagent into compounds 16, 19, and 20

Population based optimization algorithms improvement using the predictive particles

A new efficient improvement, called Predictive Particle Modification (PPM), is proposed in this paper. This modification makes the particle look to the near area before moving toward the best solution of the group. This modification can be applied to any population algorithm. The basic philosophy of PPM is explained in detail. To evaluate the performance of PPM, it is applied to Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm then tested using 23 standard benchmark functions. The effectiveness of these modifications are compared with the other unmodified population optimization algorithms based on the best solution, average solution, and convergence rate

FACTS allocation considering loads uncertainty, steady state operation constraints, and dynamic operation constraints

This study proposes an algorithm to allocate different types of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) in power systems. The main objective of this study is to maximize profit by minimizing the system’s operating cost including FACTS devices (FDs) installation cost. Dynamic and steady state operating restrictions with loads uncertainty are included in the problem formulation. The overall problem is solved using both teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) technique for attaining the optimal allocation of the FDs as main-optimization problem and matpower interior point solver (MIPS) for optimal power flow (OPF) as the sub-optimization problem. The validation of the proposed approach is verified by applying it to test system of 59-bus; Simplified 14-Generator model of the South East Australian power system

Generalized optimal placement of PMUs considering power system observability, communication infrastructure, and quality of service requirements

This paper presents a generalized optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) considering power system observability, reliability, Communication Infrastructure (CI), and latency time associated with this CI. Moreover, the economic study for additional new data transmission paths is considered as well as the availability of predefined locations of some PMUs and the preexisting communication devices (CDs) in some buses. Two cases for the location of the Control Center Base Station (CCBS) are considered; predefined case and free selected case. The PMUs placement and their required communication network topology and channel capacity are co-optimized simultaneously. In this study, two different approaches are applied to optimize the objective function; the first approach is combined from Binary Particle Swarm Optimization-Gravitational Search Algorithm (BPSOGSA) and the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) algorithm, while the second approach is based only on BPSOGSA. The feasibility of the proposed approaches are examined by applying it to IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems

THE MOST ECONOMICAL CONFIGURATION OF PUSHED BARGE CONVOY SYSTEM THROUGH CAIRO-ASWAN WATERWAY

In the recent years, as a result of the economical situation in Egypt, fuel price is rapidly increased. Consequently, the cost of cargo transport is also increased. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is to check the feasibility of a pushed barge convoy system working through Cairo-Aswan waterway as an alternative mean of cargo transport in order to encourage the transport companies to transport their cargoes through river Nile which is considered the cheapest transport mode in Egypt. In this paper, the current situation of the river transport and the characteristics of the Egyptian inland waterways network are reviewed and investigated to identify the navigation problems and constraints which affect the navigation through Cairo-Aswan waterway. The basic concept of ship controllability is reviewed to clarify the maneuver characteristics of a pushed barge convoy system in shallow waterways. Also, different configurations for pushed barge convoy system are proposed and the required power of each configuration is calculated using a specially developed computer program. A technical and operational measure called transport efficiency is used as a criterion to get the most economical configuration of the desired pushed barge convoy system. Finally, a comparison between the pushed barge convoy system and the existing river transport means in Egypt is made to clarify the feasibility of using pushed barge convoy system through Cairo-Aswan waterway