43 research outputs found
Prospection, EnquĂȘte et Collectes des Accessions de Poivron (Capsicum Annuum L.) CultivĂ©s dans la RĂ©gion de Diffa, Niger
Le poivron est une plante polyvalente utilisĂ© soit comme Ă©pice, soit comme lĂ©gume-fruit dans la plupart des mets. Sa poudre communĂ©ment appelĂ© paprika est un condiment largement consommĂ© dans le monde. Au Niger, particuliĂšrement dans la rĂ©gion de Diffa, le poivron est la spĂ©culation la plus cultivĂ©e et la plus commercialisĂ©e, reprĂ©sentant ainsi le poumon Ă©conomique de la rĂ©gion. Une prospection suivie dâune enquĂȘte et dâune collecte des accessions de poivron a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e dans cinq (5) dĂ©partements de production de la rĂ©gion de Diffa. Dix-neuf (19) sites/villages ont Ă©tĂ© prospectĂ©s Ă travers la rĂ©gion. Tous les sites/villages visitĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© gĂ©o rĂ©fĂ©rencĂ©es et une carte a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablie. Au total cinquante un (51) accessions ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es. Il ressort de lâentretien que la culture du poivron est plus pratiquĂ©e par la classe dâĂąge moins avancĂ©e avec une frĂ©quence qui varie de 77% (Nguigmi) Ă 50% (Diffa). Cette culture est pratiquĂ©e majoritairement par les hommes dans toutes les zones prospectĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats montrent Ă©galement que les kanuri sont majoritairement producteurs de cette spĂ©culation avec une frĂ©quence qui varie de 100% (Bosso et Diffa) Ă 84% (Nguigmi). La culture est en rĂ©gression dans certaines localitĂ© compte tenu des certaines contraintes biotiques (ravageurs) et abiotiques (inondation, insĂ©curitĂ©). Apres les rĂ©coltes les fruits sont commercialisĂ©s dans les marchĂ©s locaux ou rĂ©gionaux, majoritairement dans le dĂ©partement de Diffa (87%) et en moindre importance dans le dĂ©partement de Bosso (32%). Le prix dâun sac de poivron sec de 17 kg varie de 11 000 Ă 44 000 FCFA selon les pĂ©riodes et la disponibilitĂ© en quantitĂ© et en qualitĂ© des fruits.
The pepper is a versatile plant used either as a spice or as a fruit vegetable in most dishes. Its powder commonly called paprika is a widely consumed condiment in the world. In Niger, particularly in the Diffa region, the pepper is the most cultivated and most marketed speculation, thus representing the economic lung of the region. A survey followed by a survey and a collection of pepper accessions was carried out in five (5) production departments of the Diffa region. Nineteen (19) sites/villages were surveyed across the region. All the sites/villages visited have been geo-referenced and a map has been drawn up. A total of fifty one (51) accessions were collected. It appears from the interview that pepper cultivation is more practiced by the younger age group with a frequency that varies from 77% (Nâguigmi) to 50% (Diffa). This culture is practiced mainly by men in all surveyed areas. The results also show that the kanuri are mainly producers of this speculation with a frequency that varies from 100% (Bosso and Diffa) to 84% (Nâguigmi). Cultivation is declining in some localities due to certain biotic (pests) and abiotic (flooding, insecurity) constraints. After the harvest, the fruits are marketed in local or regional markets, mainly in the department of Diffa (87%) and to a lesser extent in the department of Bosso (32%). The price of a 17 kg bag of dry peppers varies from 11,000 to 44,000 FCFA depending on the period and the availability in quantity and quality of the fruits
Prospection, EnquĂȘte et Collectes des Accessions de Poivron (Capsicum annuum L.) CultivĂ©s dans la RĂ©gion de Diffa, Niger
Au Niger, particuliĂšrement dans la rĂ©gion de Diffa, le poivron est la spĂ©culation la plus cultivĂ©e et la plus commercialisĂ©e, reprĂ©sentant ainsi le poumon Ă©conomique de la rĂ©gion. Pour accroitre la production et prĂ©venir toute Ă©rosion gĂ©nĂ©tique, des connaissances sur la diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique et les pratiques paysannes de la gestion du poivron sont nĂ©cessaires. Câest ainsi quâune prospection suivie de collecte de graines a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es dans toute la rĂ©gion de Diffa. La mĂ©thode dâobtention des donnĂ©es et de collecte des accessions Ă consister en des entretiens directs avec les paysans et les commerçants du poivron alĂ©atoirement choisis dans les villages ou sites dâexploitations. Le gĂ©o rĂ©fĂ©rencement de tous les sites/villages visitĂ©s a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ© et une carte est Ă©tablie. Dix-neuf (19) sites (ou villages) ont Ă©tĂ© prospectĂ©s Ă travers la rĂ©gion et cinquante un (51) accessions collectĂ©es. LâĂ©tude rĂ©vĂšle que la culture du poivron est plus pratiquĂ©e par la classe dâĂąge moins avancĂ©e (18-45 ans) avec une frĂ©quence qui varie de 50% (Diffa) Ă 77% (Nguigmi). Cette culture est pratiquĂ©e majoritairement par les hommes dans toutes les zones prospectĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats montrent Ă©galement que les « kanuri » sont majoritairement producteurs de cette spĂ©culation avec une frĂ©quence qui varie de 84% (Nguigmi) Ă 100% (Bosso et Diffa). La culture est en rĂ©gression dans certaines localitĂ©s (DĂ©partement de Diffa, de Bosso et de Maine Soroa) compte tenu des certaines contraintes biotiques (ravageurs) et abiotiques (inondation, insĂ©curitĂ©). A la fin, du matĂ©riel pour les programmes dâamĂ©lioration du poivron est disponible au Niger.
In Niger, particularly in the Diffa region, bell pepper is the most cultivated and marketed crop, thus representing the economic lung of the region. To increase production and prevent genetic erosion, knowledge of genetic diversity and farmersâ practices is needed. Thus, a survey followed by seed collection was conducted throughout the Diffa region. The method of obtaining data and collecting accessions consisted of direct interviews with farmers and bell pepper traders randomly selected in the villages or farmers sites. Geo-referencing of all the sites/villages visited has been carried out and a map was established. Nineteen (19) sites (or villages) were surveyed across the region and fifty-one (51) accessions collected. The study revealed that bell pepper cultivation is more common among the younger age group (18-45 years) with a frequency that varies from 50% (Diffa) to 77% (Nguigmi). This crop is grown mainly by men in all the zones surveyed . The results also showed that the "kanuri" are the main producers of this crop with a frequency that varies from 84% (Nguigmi) to 100% (Bosso and Diffa). Production is declining in some localities (Departments of Diffa, Bosso and Maine Soroa) due to certain biotic (pests) and abiotic (flooding, insecurity) constraints. Finally, materials for bell pepper improvement programs are available in Niger
Prospection, EnquĂȘte et Collectes des Accessions de Poivron (Capsicum Annuum L.) CultivĂ©s dans la RĂ©gion de Diffa, Niger
Le poivron est une plante polyvalente utilisĂ© soit comme Ă©pice, soit comme lĂ©gume-fruit dans la plupart des mets. Sa poudre communĂ©ment appelĂ© paprika est un condiment largement consommĂ© dans le monde. Au Niger, particuliĂšrement dans la rĂ©gion de Diffa, le poivron est la spĂ©culation la plus cultivĂ©e et la plus commercialisĂ©e, reprĂ©sentant ainsi le poumon Ă©conomique de la rĂ©gion. Une prospection suivie dâune enquĂȘte et dâune collecte des accessions de poivron a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e dans cinq (5) dĂ©partements de production de la rĂ©gion de Diffa. Dix-neuf (19) sites/villages ont Ă©tĂ© prospectĂ©s Ă travers la rĂ©gion. Tous les sites/villages visitĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© gĂ©o rĂ©fĂ©rencĂ©es et une carte a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablie. Au total cinquante un (51) accessions ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es. Il ressort de lâentretien que la culture du poivron est plus pratiquĂ©e par la classe dâĂąge moins avancĂ©e avec une frĂ©quence qui varie de 77% (Nguigmi) Ă 50% (Diffa). Cette culture est pratiquĂ©e majoritairement par les hommes dans toutes les zones prospectĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats montrent Ă©galement que les kanuri sont majoritairement producteurs de cette spĂ©culation avec une frĂ©quence qui varie de 100% (Bosso et Diffa) Ă 84% (Nguigmi). La culture est en rĂ©gression dans certaines localitĂ© compte tenu des certaines contraintes biotiques (ravageurs) et abiotiques (inondation, insĂ©curitĂ©). Apres les rĂ©coltes les fruits sont commercialisĂ©s dans les marchĂ©s locaux ou rĂ©gionaux, majoritairement dans le dĂ©partement de Diffa (87%) et en moindre importance dans le dĂ©partement de Bosso (32%). Le prix dâun sac de poivron sec de 17 kg varie de 11 000 Ă 44 000 FCFA selon les pĂ©riodes et la disponibilitĂ© en quantitĂ© et en qualitĂ© des fruits.
The pepper is a versatile plant used either as a spice or as a fruit vegetable in most dishes. Its powder commonly called paprika is a widely consumed condiment in the world. In Niger, particularly in the Diffa region, the pepper is the most cultivated and most marketed speculation, thus representing the economic lung of the region. A survey followed by a survey and a collection of pepper accessions was carried out in five (5) production departments of the Diffa region. Nineteen (19) sites/villages were surveyed across the region. All the sites/villages visited have been geo-referenced and a map has been drawn up. A total of fifty one (51) accessions were collected. It appears from the interview that pepper cultivation is more practiced by the younger age group with a frequency that varies from 77% (Nâguigmi) to 50% (Diffa). This culture is practiced mainly by men in all surveyed areas. The results also show that the kanuri are mainly producers of this speculation with a frequency that varies from 100% (Bosso and Diffa) to 84% (Nâguigmi). Cultivation is declining in some localities due to certain biotic (pests) and abiotic (flooding, insecurity) constraints. After the harvest, the fruits are marketed in local or regional markets, mainly in the department of Diffa (87%) and to a lesser extent in the department of Bosso (32%). The price of a 17 kg bag of dry peppers varies from 11,000 to 44,000 FCFA depending on the period and the availability in quantity and quality of the fruits
Conjugaison de facteurs institutionnels, organisationnels et individuels comme deÌterminants des principes dâengagement RSE au SeÌneÌgal
La RSE est devenue un theÌme majeur dans la litteÌrature en sciences de gestion. Lâobjet du preÌsent article est de proposer de nouvelles voies theÌoriques et meÌthodologiques pour une meilleure compreÌhension de lâengagement RSE des entreprises. Sâinspirant des travaux de Wood (1991, 2010), il propose un nouveau modeÌle dâengagement socieÌtal des entreprises incluant les travaux des neÌo-institutionnalistes institutionnelles de (Meyer et Rowan, 1977 ; Powell et DiMaggio, 1983), le principe de solidariteÌ geÌneÌrationnelle issu des theÌories du deÌveloppement durable et lâoutil PRESOR de (Singhapakdi et al., 1996). La validation empirique a eÌteÌ effectueÌe en utilisant les SysteÌmes dâEÌquations Structurels, plus speÌcifiquement lâapproche PLS PM (Partial Least Path Modeling) aÌ lâaide dâun eÌchantillon de 119 observations. Les reÌsultats mettent en eÌvidence le deÌveloppement dâun nouvel outil de mesure fiable et valide pour eÌvaluer les perceptions des acteurs sur lâengagement RSE au SeÌneÌgal et proposent une configuration de principes institutionnels, organisationnels et individuels comme deÌterminants
Characterization of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids in Chlorophyll f Producing Cyanobacteria from Shaded Niches
Cyanobacteria are the oldest photoautotrophic prokaryotes that can perform plant-like oxygenic photosynthesis. The obligate requirement of sunlight for photosynthesis inevitably exposes cyanobacteria to UV radiation. Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) played necessary roles in protecting cyanobacteria from UV radiation and were frequently reported in cyanobacteria exposed to high light radiation. Here, the MAA production was tried in the chlorophyll f-producing cyanobacterial strains isolated from the shaded environments. Four Chroococcidiopsis strains were finally induced to produce MAAs under 0.15 W·m-2 of UV-B exposure, and the MAA contents increased along with the prolonged UV-B treatments in these four Chroococcidiopsis strains. After separation by HPLC system, one MAA type was detected at similar retention times in the methanol extracts of Chroococcidiopsis strains, and all the MAA compounds showed in-line absorption at 310 nm and mass spectra 246 m/z. The absorption spectra and mass spectra matched well the characteristics of the simplest MAA mycosporine-glycine. Chroococcidiopsis had the simplest MAA gene clusters for mycosporine-glycine. MAAs could also be produced in the cyanobacteria even distributed in the light-deficient niches. These results suggested other roles of MAAs in addition to UV-B protection in the special cyanobacteria from shaded environments
Characterization of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids in Chlorophyll f Producing Cyanobacteria from Shaded Niches
Cyanobacteria are the oldest photoautotrophic prokaryotes that can perform plant-like oxygenic photosynthesis. The obligate requirement of sunlight for photosynthesis inevitably exposes cyanobacteria to UV radiation. Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) played necessary roles in protecting cyanobacteria from UV radiation and were frequently reported in cyanobacteria exposed to high light radiation. Here, the MAA production was tried in the chlorophyll f-producing cyanobacterial strains isolated from the shaded environments. Four Chroococcidiopsis strains were finally induced to produce MAAs under 0.15 W·m-2 of UV-B exposure, and the MAA contents increased along with the prolonged UV-B treatments in these four Chroococcidiopsis strains. After separation by HPLC system, one MAA type was detected at the similar retention times in the methanol extracts of Chroococcidiopsis strains, and all the MAA compounds showed in-line absorption at 310 nm and mass spectra 246 m/z. The absorption spectra and mass spectra matched well the characteristics of the simplest MAA mycosporine-glycine. Chroococcidiopsis had the simplest MAA gene clusters for mycosporine-glycine. MAAs could also be produced in the cyanobacteria even distributed in the light-deficient niches. These results suggested other roles of MAAs in addition to UV-B protection in the special cyanobacteria from shaded environments
ActivitĂ© AntibactĂ©rienne de lâĂcorce de Pilostigma reticulatum (caesalpiniaceae) Sur des Enterrobacteriaceae et Staphylococcaceae
Les extraits aqueux et mĂ©thanoĂŻque de lâĂ©corce de Pilostigma reticulatum ont Ă©taient testĂ©s sur quatre diffĂ©rentes souches bactĂ©riennes cliniques et quatre souches de rĂ©fĂ©rence. Lâanalyse des rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que les extraits bruts aqueux et mĂ©thanolique prĂ©sentent une activitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne moyenne avec des diamĂštres de zones dâinhibition variant de 9 Ă 12 mm Les extraits de cette plante nâont aucune activitĂ© sur E. coli et E20081AEEQ. Par ailleurs, la fraction acĂ©tate obtenue par fractionnent de lâextrait mĂ©thanolique a montrĂ© une bonne activitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne sur S. aureus (18,7 mm), S flexineri (16,7 mm), S2005BAEEQ (15,3 mm) et S ATCC29213 (20,7 mm). La fraction dichloromĂ©thane issue du fractionnement de lâextrait mĂ©thanolique prĂ©sente les mĂȘmes caractĂ©ristiques que lâextrait brut mĂ©thanolique. Les extraits aqueux bruts montrent une activitĂ© antimicrobienne faible par rapport Ă lâextrait alcoolique. Le quotient CMI/CMB montrent que cette plante prĂ©sente une activitĂ© bactĂ©ricide.
The aqueous and methanoic extracts of the bark of Pilostigma reticulatum were tested on different clinical bacterial strains and reference strains. Analysis of the results obtained show that the crude aqueous and methanolic extracts have an average antibacterial activity with diameters of inhibition zones varying from 9 to 12 mm. The extracts of this plant have no activity on E. coli and E20081AEEQ. Furthermore, the acetate fraction obtained by fractionating the methanolic extract showed good antibacterial activity on S. aureus (18.7 mm), S flexineri (16.7 mm), S2005BAEEQ (15.3 mm) and S ATCC29213 (20.7mm). The dichloromethane fraction resulting from the fractionation of the methanolic extract has the same characteristics as the crude methanolic extract. The crude aqueous extracts show weak antimicrobial activity compared to the alcoholic extract. The CMI/CMB quotient show that this plant has bactericidal activity
Projected changes in solar PV and wind energy potential over West Africa: an analysis of CORDEX-CORE simulations
Renewable energy development is growing fast and is expected to expand in the next decades in West Africa as a contribution to addressing the power demand and climate change mitigation. However, the future impacts of climate change on solar PV and the wind energy potential in the region are still unclear. This study investigates the expected future impacts of climate change on solar PV and wind energy potential over West Africa using an ensemble of three regional climate models (RCMs). Each RCM is driven by three global climate models (GCMs) from the new coordinated high-resolution output for regional evaluations (CORDEX-CORE) under the RCP8.5 scenario. Two projection periods were used: the near future (2021â2050) and the far future (2071â2100). For the model evaluation, reanalysis data from ERA5 and satellite-based climate data (SARAH-2) were used. The models and their ensemble mean (hereafter Mean) show acceptable performance for the simulations of the solar PV potential, the wind power density, and related variables with some biases. The Mean predicts a general decrease in the solar PV potential over the region of about â2% in the near future and â4% in the far future. The wind power density (WPD) is expected to increase by about 20% in the near future and 40% in the far future. The changes for solar PV potential seem to be consistent, although the intensity differs according to the RCM used. For the WPD, there are some discrepancies among the RCMs in terms of intensity and direction. This study can guide governments and policymakers in decision making for future solar and wind energy projects in the region
ActivitĂ© AntibactĂ©rienne de lâĂcorce de Pilostigma reticulatum (caesalpiniaceae) Sur des Enterrobacteriaceae et Staphylococcaceae
Les extraits aqueux et mĂ©thanoĂŻque de lâĂ©corce de Pilostigma reticulatum ont Ă©taient testĂ©s sur quatre diffĂ©rentes souches bactĂ©riennes cliniques et quatre souches de rĂ©fĂ©rence. Lâanalyse des rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que les extraits bruts aqueux et mĂ©thanolique prĂ©sentent une activitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne moyenne avec des diamĂštres de zones dâinhibition variant de 9 Ă 12 mm Les extraits de cette plante nâont aucune activitĂ© sur E. coli et E20081AEEQ. Par ailleurs, la fraction acĂ©tate obtenue par fractionnent de lâextrait mĂ©thanolique a montrĂ© une bonne activitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne sur S. aureus (18,7 mm), S flexineri (16,7 mm), S2005BAEEQ (15,3 mm) et S ATCC29213 (20,7 mm). La fraction dichloromĂ©thane issue du fractionnement de lâextrait mĂ©thanolique prĂ©sente les mĂȘmes caractĂ©ristiques que lâextrait brut mĂ©thanolique. Les extraits aqueux bruts montrent une activitĂ© antimicrobienne faible par rapport Ă lâextrait alcoolique. Le quotient CMI/CMB montrent que cette plante prĂ©sente une activitĂ© bactĂ©ricide.
The aqueous and methanoic extracts of the bark of Pilostigma reticulatum were tested on different clinical bacterial strains and reference strains. Analysis of the results obtained show that the crude aqueous and methanolic extracts have an average antibacterial activity with diameters of inhibition zones varying from 9 to 12 mm. The extracts of this plant have no activity on E. coli and E20081AEEQ. Furthermore, the acetate fraction obtained by fractionating the methanolic extract showed good antibacterial activity on S. aureus (18.7 mm), S flexineri (16.7 mm), S2005BAEEQ (15.3 mm) and S ATCC29213 (20.7mm). The dichloromethane fraction resulting from the fractionation of the methanolic extract has the same characteristics as the crude methanolic extract. The crude aqueous extracts show weak antimicrobial activity compared to the alcoholic extract. The CMI/CMB quotient show that this plant has bactericidal activity
Etude préliminaire du contenu sporo-pollinique et caractérisation des grÚs ferrugineux de la formation du Continental Terminal, Bassin de Kandi (Nord-Est Bénin)
The sporo-pollenic study of the oolitic ironstone of the Kandi Basin in the northeastern part of Benin allowed a paleoenvironmental reconstitution during the Oligocene and Miocene periods. The Taxonomic diversity is characterized by grasses including "graminidites neogenicus" and arecaceae represented by "Hyphaene Thebaica", characteristic of "hot and dry tropical environments". These species also characterize a grassy savannah. The graminidites neogenicus is a Miocene flagship and the ferruginous sandstone of the Continental Terminal has been dated of Oligocene in age. We thus attribute an Oligo-Miocene age to the Formation of the Continental Terminal of the Kandi Basin. While the medium has long been considered azo, microscopic analysis has revealed plant fossils made up mostly of fruits. The oolitic iron ore of the Kandi Basin took place in a reducing lacustrine environment in which plants such as gramineae (Graminidites neogenicus) and arecaceae (Hyphaene Thebaica) lived.LâĂ©tude sporo-pollinique des grĂšs de la formation du Continental Terminal du Bassin de Kandi, au Nord-Est du BĂ©nin, a permis de faire une Ă©bauche de reconstitution palĂ©oenvironnementale pour la pĂ©riode allant de lâOligocĂšne au MiocĂšne. La diversitĂ© taxonomique est reprĂ©sentĂ©e par des graminĂ©es notamment par lâespĂšce Graminidites neogenicus et des arecaceae reprĂ©sentĂ©s par lâespĂšce Hyphaene Thebaica, caractĂ©ristiques des "milieux tropicaux chauds et sec". Ces espĂšces caractĂ©risent Ă©galement une savane herbeuse. Le Graminidites neogenicus est une espĂšce phare du MiocĂšne et les grĂšs ferrugineux du Continental Terminal ont Ă©tĂ© datĂ©s de lâOligocĂšne. Nous attribuons ainsi un Ăąge Oligo-MiocĂšne Ă la formation du Continental Terminal du Bassin de Kandi. Alors que le milieu est longtemps considĂ©rĂ© comme azoĂŻque, lâanalyse microscopique a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© des fossiles vĂ©gĂ©taux constituĂ©s majoritairement de fruits. Le minerai de fer oolithique du Bassin de Kandi sâest donc mis en place dans un milieu lacustre de type rĂ©ducteur, dans lequel vivaient des vĂ©gĂ©taux tels que les gramineae (Graminidites neogenicus) et les arecaceae (Hyphaene Thebaica)