The combined effects of ultrasound and lactic acid in inactivating microorganisms on fresh radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus) : microbiological and quality changes

In order to reduce the risk of microbial contamination in fresh radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) and ensure its safety, combined effects of ultrasound and lactic acid in inactivating microorganisms and quality changes of radish were studied. Fresh radish samples were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella sonnei separately and were treated with lactic acid (L) 1% and 2%, ultrasound (U) with the amplitude of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% for 15 and 30 min and their combination. The quality parameters, including total phenol content, firmness, and total color change, were evaluated on the day of the experiment and after 24 hr of cold storage. Results showed that both applied treatments and their combinations had significant (p < .05) inhibitory effect on all of the studied bacteria. Total phenolic content of the ultrasound treated samples led to higher amounts comparing to other samples. Results showed that using ultrasound power (75%), for 30 min significantly (p < .05) decreased the firmness of samples after 24 hr of cold storage. In conclusion, the application of ultrasound and lactic acid can extend the shelf life of fresh radish8116216

The synergic effects of Saffron aqua extract and low frequency electromagnetic field on angiogenesis in chick chorioalantoic membrane

زمینه و هدف: مطالعات in vivo وin vitro بر اثرات ضد سرطانی زعفران تاکید دارند. آنژیوژنز برای تکوین جنین و بسیاری از وقایع فیزیولوژیکی و پاتولوژیک نظیر رشد تومورها، ضروری است. همچنین بسیاری از فرایندهای رشد و نمو تحت تاثیر میدان‌های الکترومغناطیسی قرار می‌گیرند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثرات توام عصاره زعفران و میدان ‌‌الکترومغناطیسی با فرکانس پایین برآنژیوژنز طراحی شد. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش تجربی آزمایشگاهی تخم ‌مرغ های نطفه‌دار در 9 گروه شامل گروه‌های شاهد و شاهد آزمایشگاهی1 و 2، گروه‌های تجربی 1، 2 و 3 (تیمار با عصاره زعفران با غلظت های 100، 400 و 800 g/mlµ) و گروه‌های تجربی 4، 5 و 6 (تیمار توام عصاره زعفران همراه میدان‌الکترومغناطیسی 400 گاؤس) بصورت تصادفی تقسیم شدند. در روز دوم انکوباسیون، در شرایط استریل قسمتی از پوسته تخم‌مرغ‌ها برداشته شد و پنجره ای باز ایجاد گردید. در روز هشتم 10 میکرولیتر از غلظت های مختلف عصاره به نمونه ها تیمار گردید. در روز دهم تخم‌مرغ‌ها 4 ساعت در معرض میدان ‌الکترومغناطیسی (فرکانس 50 هرتز و شدت 400 گاؤس) قرارگرفتند. در روز دوازدهم از تمامی نمونه‌ها به کمک فتواسترئومیکروسکوپ عکس تهیه و تعداد و طول انشعابات عروقی محل تیمار روی پرده کوریوآلانتوئیک به کمک نرم‌افزارImage J بررسی گردید. نتایج با استفاده از آزمون های آماری ANOVA و تست تعقیبی Tukey تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: میانگین طول عروق خونی در گروه تجربی 1 نسبت به گروه شاهد کاهش معنی داری نشان نداد (05/0P>) در حالی که در گروه‌های تجربی 2 و 3 کاهش معنی داری مشاهده شد (001/0

Soluciones de gestión urbana para promover el estilo de vida iraní-islámico. (Estudio de caso: Municipio de Teherán)

The main objective of the present research is urban management strategies for the promotion of Iranian-Islamic lifestyle (Case study: Tehran Municipality). This objective will be achieved through by descriptive-analytical method, the role of the Tehran municipality in achieving this pattern is from the aspects of physical development of Tehran under the title of maintaining Iranian-Islamic identity in physical development, determining the criteria for urban construction based on Islamic criteria and values, The clarity of the Islamic symbols and symbols, the organization of the image and the urban landscape, and research on Iranian-Islamic architecture and urbanization. The results of the research show that the municipality of Tehran can promote the genuine values of the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle and use of the sciences and experiences of human societies based on Islamic teachings and as one of the pillars of authentication and self-sufficiency factor and scientific independence, freedom from feelings of humiliation and Alienation and, ultimately, the social development of society.El objetivo principal de la presente investigación son las estrategias de gestión urbana para la promoción del estilo de vida iraní-islámico (Estudio de caso: Municipio de Teherán). Este objetivo se logrará mediante un método descriptivo-analítico, el papel del municipio de Teherán en el logro de este patrón proviene de los aspectos del desarrollo físico de Teherán bajo el título de mantener la identidad iraní-islámica en el desarrollo físico, determinando los criterios para la construcción urbana basada sobre criterios y valores islámicos, la claridad de los símbolos y símbolos islámicos, la organización de la imagen y el paisaje urbano, y la investigación sobre la arquitectura y urbanización iraní-islámica. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que el municipio de Teherán puede promover los valores genuinos del estilo de vida iraní-islámico y el uso de las ciencias y experiencias de las sociedades humanas basadas en las enseñanzas islámicas y como uno de los pilares del factor de autenticación y autosuficiencia y independencia científica, libertad de sentimientos de humillación y alienación y, en última instancia, el desarrollo social de la sociedad

A Survey on General Health among students of guidance schools

In recent years, the prevalence of mental disorders has increased and the prevalence of 18-23% is reported for Iran. This study aims to evaluate psychological aspect of general health status of children in Ilam city, located in Iran using a questionnaire. This study is a descriptive-comparative research that measures general health of boys and girls in schools. The required information is obtained by means of the GHQ-28 standard questionnaire which distributed among 118 children. The general health is divided into four categories, in which the dangerous group receives the higher scores in the range of 64-84. The SPSS software is used for data analysis. The sample consisted of 64 (54%) boys and 54 (46%) girls and overall score of children are classified into four categories. Among the samples, 38 participants (32.2%), 61 children (51.7%), 17 children (14.7%) and two persons (1.7%) are received the scores of 0-21, 22-42, 43-63 and 64-84, respectively. Also, the statistical association is observed between age, grade and general health of participants (P &lt;0.05). Relatively large numbers of children possessed good general health status. It is found that as age of participant is increased its general health degrades.

Identification of Bioactive Compounds in the Extracts of Brown Algae Sargassum (Sargassum angustifulium) and Padina )Padina distromatic( and Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Enzymatic Properties

IntroductionSargassum and Padina are two genera of brown algae that are widely scattered in temperate regions. Sargassum species are categorized as tropical and sub-tropical brown seaweed which are valuable sources of bioactive compounds including dietary fibers, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals. These brown algae demonstrate diverse biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti‑Alzheimer, due to the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, sterols, polyphenols, and pheophytine. The genus Padina is scattered in many environmental conditions, mainly in the tropical marine waters, and belongs to the family Dictyotaceae. Some bioactive components isolated from Padina species have been demonstrated hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, immunostimulatory, and antimicrobial activities., The aim of this study was to prepare an extract from two species of algae Padina and Sargsum by massaging and ultrasound assisted-methods  as well as analyzing their compounds and investigating the antioxidant, antimicrobial and enzymatic properties of the extracts. According to the obtained results, ultrasound assisted method was a suitable method for extraction. This extract can be used as a combination of antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-Alzheimer's and nitrate reducing agent in food additives. Materials and MethodsChemical materials were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich GmbH (Sternheim, Germany). The algal species utilized in the current investigation; namely, Padina distromatic and Sargassum angustifolium were collected from the coastal region of Chabahar bandar, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran. To eliminate all the impurities and extraneous materials, they were washed by using distilled water and then dried at ambient temperature (24-48 h) until the constant weight. Extraction by maceration was compared with the extraction using ultrasonic assisted method. Determination of chemical compounds was parformed using GC-MS device. Investigation of antioxidant properties and total polyphenol and flavonoid content were also performed. The degree of free radical scavenging was done according to DPPH method. Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of algae extracts were the main challenges in our research. S. aureus ATCC25923, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. typhi ATCC 6539 were used for antimicrobial test. Determination of minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were performed using wells in agar.The enzymatic activity was also determined. In this study, the activity of acetylcholinesterase was investigated using the method introduced by Ellman et al. (1961) and also the activity of nitric oxidase was determined using a kit protocol (Nvand-Iran). Factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized design was used to analyze the data. Duncan's multiple range test was used to determine the difference between the means at the 95% confidence level, and SAS software version 2.9 will used for statistical analysis. Results and DiscussionThe current study investigated the antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Alzheimer’s attributes of two brown algae namely Padina distromatic and Sargassum angustifolium which were collected from the coastal region of Chabahar Bandar, Iran. The results clearly indicated that the type of algae and extraction techniques used in this investigation highly affected phytochemical compositions, antioxidant, AChE inhibitory, scavenging, and antimicrobial activities. Considering both extraction yield and phytochemical components, extraction by ultrasound assisted method provided better results. Among all algal extracts, UPE presented the highest AChE inhibitory activity, and antibacterial activity and USE presented the highest antioxidant activities, total phenols and flavonoids, reflecting the presence of various bioactive components. The extracts of two various seaweeds utilized in the current study highlighted considerable inhibitory action against four pathogenic bacteria. According to the observations of the antibacterial assay, S. aureus was the most sensitive microorganism, while L. innocua was revealed as the most resistant bacteria to the extracts of P. distromatic and S. angustifolium. Further, the chemical components responsible for the antioxidant, AChE inhibitory, and antibacterial power were confirmed by GC-MS analysis. The findings of the current investigation confirmed the potential of the health benefits and therapeutic effect of brown marine algae. Thus, the extract of P. distromatic and S. latifolium could be an effective supplement to be incorporated into the products’ formulation in the food and pharmaceutical industries as well as in medication to alleviate several disorders such as Alzheimer

Causes of pleural effusion in long-term hemodialysi s

Background and Objective: Pleuropulmonary complications, such as pleural effusion (PE) are encountered with an increased frequency among patients with end stage renal disease. Subjects and Methods: In the cross-sectional and prospective study we evaluated 253 patients who had received long- term hemodialysis between 2007 September and 2008 October for better understanding the incidence and causes of PE in this population. Results: The incidence of pleural effusion was 25 % (n= 63, mean age 48.09 ± 1.39 years, male to female ratio approximately 1.1). 66.6 % of the patients (n= 42) had transudative PE and 33.4% (n= 21) had exudative PE. Transudative PE resulted from heart failure in 64.3% (n= 27), hypervolemia in 33.3% (n= 14) and cirrhosis in 2.4% (n= 1). Parapneumonic effusion (n= 6), TB (n= 5), uremic pleurisy (n= 4), malignancy (n= 2), unknown (n= 2) and SLE (n= 1) accounted for causes of exudative PE. Conclusion: Pleural effusion is a common complication in hospitalized patients receiving long–tern hemodialysis. Since heart failure, hypervolemia and uremic pleurisy were the most common causes of pleural effusion, this problem should not be considered an obstacle in renal transplant recipients

Triiodothyronine Mitigates Cardiac Dysfunction in Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning: Findings from a Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning, commonly known as rice tablet poisoning, is a lethal method of suicide with no known antidotes. Thyroid hormones have inotropic effects that can potentially reverse hemodynamic instability and improve cardiac output. This study investigated the effects of Triiodothyronine (T3) on the cardiac function of patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning.Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 24 patients with confirmed ALP poisoning were recruited. The intervention group received T3 treatment in addition to standard treatment, while the control group received only standard treatment. Demographic variables, cardiac parameters, biochemical markers, and oxidative stress tests were evaluated.Results: The majority of participants were men (60%) in their thirties (intervention: 32±17.4 years; control: 30±11.6 years). Following treatment, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures had significantly higher mean differences in the T3 group compared to the control group (18.7±9.3, P=0.05 and 14.1±5.9, P=0.03 respectively). While both groups showed improvement in mean arterial pH, the intervention group exhibited a significantly greater improvement 12 hours after the administration of T3, which was significantly different from both the baseline and control groups (p=0.04, 0.009 respectively). Additionally, the intervention group had a lower QRS and QTc interval compared to admission time.Conclusion: Triiodothyronine administration has been shown to maintain a higher range of SBP, control cardiogenic shock, regulate metabolism, improve acidosis and blood pressure, and ultimately enhance recovery in patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning. Furthermore, it may have cardio-protective effects on these patients

Sildenafil Blunts Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Cholestasis

Background: Cholestasis is a multifaceted disease that influences not only the function of the liver but also affects many other organs. In this context, cholestasis-induced lung injury is a significant clinical complication. Unfortunately, there is no precise therapeutic option against cholestasis-associated lung injury. It has been revealed that oxidative stress and inflammatory response play a role in cholestasis-induced pulmonary damage. Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitor used in the management of erectile dysfunction. Meanwhile, several experiments revealed the effects of sildenafil on oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sildenafil on cholestasis-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in cholestasis-induced lung injury. Methods: Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) to induce cholestasis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of inflammatory cells, cytokine, and immunoglobulin were monitored at (3, 7, and 14 days after BDL surgery). Moreover, lung tissue histopathological alterations and biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated. Results: A significant increase in BALF inflammatory cells, TNF-α, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) was evident in BDL animals. Moreover, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, vascular congestion, and hemorrhage were detected in the lung of BDL rats. Increased markers of oxidative stress were also evident in the lung of BDL animals. Sildenafil (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly blunted inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations in the lung of cholestatic animals. Conclusion: The effects of sildenafil on inflammatory response and oxidative stress biomarkers seems to play a crucial role in its protective properties in the lung of cholestatic animals