Post-operative Treatment Chronic Subdural Hematoma with or without Dexamethasone: a Systematic Review

Abstract Introduction: Discovering If the post-operative patient is given dexamethasone or without dexamethasone, it can cause recurrence of Chronic Subdural Hematoma patients. This systematic review aims to summarize the research on the link between dexamethasone and recurrent chronic subdural hematoma. Methods: We present systematic reviews reported according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and adhere to a structured review protocol. We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and British Medical Journal databases using the following search strategy from inception to March 2023. Results: Four studies were included for further analysis. CSDH can be treated as medical, surgical, or both medical surgeries. Medical treatment for post-traumatic and post-operative prophylaxis of seizures and for preventing edema and ischemia. Anticonvulsant agents can be cut off after a few weeks if post-operative seizures do not appear at all. Surgery has been shown to be most effective in the treatment of cSDH. The evacuation of subdural collections forms the basis of the surgery in cSDH. After treatment, residual subdural fluid collections are standard. The most critical and dangerous complications of surgical treatment of acute post-operative bleeding. Discussion: Chronic subdural hematoma is an event of head bleeding that occurs for more than three weeks. It can be examined using CT (Computed Tomography). Often occurs in parents. The operation was carried out using the burr-hole method, and post-operative treatment can be given using dexamethasone. Recurrent bleeding may occur in patients with chronic subdural hematoma

COVID-19-DRIVEN SOCIETAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE APPAREL SUPPLY CHAIN: INSIGHT FROM MUSLIM-MAJORITY COUNTRIES

The current COVID-19 epidemic unveils the vulnerability in the apparel supply chain (ASC). Many workforces are facing future uncertainty due to pandemic-driven job losses. This study aims to comprehend the causes of societal sustainability deficiency in the ASC in Muslim-majority countries and propose strategies supporting a suitable improvement.  Information gathered from experts using a qualitative research method; reveals that the primary cause of the lack of societal sustainability is the dominating power of several brands in the ASC. The usage of contract workforce and illegal subcontracting of apparel production also disrupt the protocol of societal compliance. Besides, the lack of application of Islamic ethics in business operations leads to poor labor conditions causing disruption in labor-societal security. The study proposes that it is imperative to adopt a sustainable procurement framework that integrates the sharing of disturbance risks among suppliers and brands post-COVID-19 crisis. It is also crucial to prohibit suppliers operate illegal subcontracting of apparel manufacture. Besides, brands’ order allocation plans and supplier selection must be adjusted to enable the workforce’s societal security. Contribution from labor unions and NGOs must be urged to achieve the grassroots level in community development schemes. As this study involves the Muslim-majority context, mitigation strategies from the Islamic ethics perspective are also considered helpful for solving societal sustainability issues in the ASC

Crystallization Mechanism and Thermal Stability of Se98 In2-χ Snχ (χ=0.0.5,1,1.5) Semiconducting Glasses

Results of Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) under non isothermal condition on Se98 In2-χ Snχ (χ=0.0.5,1,1.5) chalcogenide glasses have been reported and discussed. ln the glassy region, the dependence of the glass transition temperature Tg on the heating rate or obey a power law, Tg=To{ɑ}ʏ ,and the glass transition activation energy decreases with the addition of Sn. The crystal growth kinetics has been investigated using Kissinger, Gao et.al, and Ozawa equations. Results indicate that the crystallization activation energy decreases and the crystallization ability is retarded, due to the formation of cross-linked structure, with the addition of Sn. Besides to that the crystal growth is found to occur in 2-dimensions. Investigation of thermal stability through the calculations of the temperature difference TC-Tg, S-parameter, Hruby number, crystallization rate factor and the enthalpy released during the crystallization process, indicates that Se98 In0.5 Sn1.5 glass is thermally most stable in the composition range of stud

A Structural and Genomic Investigation of Novel Bacteriophage Kromp

From the Washington University Office of Undergraduate Research Digest (WUURD), Vol. 13, 05-01-2018. Published by the Office of Undergraduate Research. Joy Zalis Kiefer, Director of Undergraduate Research and Associate Dean in the College of Arts & Sciences; Lindsey Paunovich, Editor; Helen Human, Programs Manager and Assistant Dean in the College of Arts and Sciences Mentor(s): Kathy Hafer and Chris Schaffe

Moving to Digital-Healthy Society: Empathy, Sympathy, and Wellbeing in Social Media

Background: This research aims to explore the impact of individuals’ demographics and their social media use on empathy, sympathy, and wellbeing in Saudi Arabia. This paper can fill an untapped gap in a developing country (i.e., the Arab context) by shedding light on sympathetic and empathetic behavior and its effect on wellbeing in social media. Method: We manage to obtain a sample of 431 responses across all Saudi regions. Data were analyzed to evaluate reliability and validity of the study’s constructs while the hypotheses were tested using a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. Results: SEM regression results suggest that there is a significant relationship between both age and income and social media use. In addition, social media use has an indirect relationship to individuals’ wellbeing. This indirect relationship is better manifested through sympathy rather than empathy. Conclusion: Theoretically, this study furthers our understanding of the role of empathy and sympathy on wellbeing in social media among Saudis, whereas practically provides insights to industry experts about what matters to social media users to increase their wellbeing

Exploring sustainability disclosures in family firms: a bibliometric analysis

Families own two-thirds of the world’s private businesses. It is an organizational model that has succeeded in various sizes, both small and large publicly listed companies. This study aims to explore the developments in sustainability reporting for family firms. The current study employs bibliometric analysis to examine family firms’ sustainability literature’s conceptual structure and influential aspects. Our study recruited 131 research documents from 2004 to 2021 based on our inclusion criteria. The findings from the conceptual analysis, the co-occurrence network of keywords analysis yields three clusters: CSR disclosures and corporate governance in family firms of emerging economics (red cluster), while red and green clusters focus on environmental performance, earnings management, and corporate governance in family firms. Our study has also highlighted the influential aspects of sustainability in family firms’ literature. Our findings have significant implications for researchers and policymakers. Our findings could be helpful to both family businesses and sustainability researchers. The study contributes to the business literature by illuminating the new research directions in sustainability reporting by family firms using bibliometric techniques

Radiation pattern synthesis in conformal antenna arrays using modified convex optimization technique

In this paper, a modified convex optimization technique is used for radiationpattern correction in a cylindrical-shaped conformal microstrip array antenna.The technique uses numerical simulations to optimize the amplitude andphase excitations, with the goal to decrease the Euclidean distance betweenthe desired field pattern and the obtained (simulated/measured) field patternwhile maintaining the main beam direction, null's location, and side lobelevels under control. Two prototypes of 1 4 and 2 4 conformal microstripantenna array deformed from linear/planar structure to the prescribed cylin-drical shape, with different radii of curvature, are studied to demonstrate theperformance of the proposed technique. The proposed convex optimizationmodel when applied to conformal antenna array possesses fast computingspeed and high convergence accuracy for radiation pattern synthesis, whichcan be a valuable tool for engineering applications.Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari acknowledges supportfrom the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under theMarie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538

Abdominal Pseudocyst: A Rare Complication of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting

Abstract: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement is one of the most commonly performed procedures in neurosurgery. One rare complication is the formation of an abdominal pseudocyst, which can cause shunt malfunction.

A detailed ecological exploration of the distribution patterns of wild Poaceae from the Jhelum district (Punjab), Pakistan

The purpose of this study was to investigate the taxonomic diversity, richness, and distribution patterns of Poaceae in relation to abiotic factors in the Jhelum district of the Pakistan Himalayas. We used a random sampling technique from 80 grids within 240 sites with a rich diversity of wild grasses and 720 quadrates in triplets from each site across the Jhelum district between 2019 and 2021 to collect data on grass species and the associated environmental factors and conditions. After evaluating the important value index for each plant taxa and for the environmental data, we analyzed the data using ordination and cluster analysis techniques. Fifty-two Poaceae taxa from twenty-nine genera were recorded within the study area. From a total of 52 recorded Poaceae species, 45 were native and 7 were invasive species. The life form (biological) showed the dominancy of 27 therophyte species, followed by 24 hemicryptophyte species, and 1 geophyte species. Microphyll had the leading leaf size spectra (27 species), followed by nanophyll (12 species), macrophyll (10 species), and leptophyll (3 species). The trend of the life cycle was the maximum (27 spp.) during the monsoon season, followed by spring (11 spp.), winter (8 spp.), and summer (6 spp.). The leading genera were Setaria with 9.61% of the species, followed by Panicum, Cenchrus, and Brachiaria with 7.69% of the species. Aristida and Echinochloa made up 5.76% of the species while Chrysopogon, Digitaria, Eragrostis, Pennisetum, and Poa made up 3.84% of the species. Other genera recorded single species. The leaf size spectra of grasses were dominated by microphylls (50%) followed by nanophylls (23.07%), macrophylls (19.23%), and leptophylls (7.69%). On the basis of the importance value index, the most dominant species was Cynodon dactylon (68), followed by Dichanthium annulatum (58), Brachiaria ramose (38), Dactyloctenium aegyptium (37), Eleusine indica (35), Saccharum bengalense (33), and Cenchrus biflorus (28). Two-way cluster analyses classified the grasses into three plant community associations based on the indicator plant species. Soil parameters as subsamples were tested for moisture, pH, EC, OM, macronutrients (CaCO3, N, P, and K), and saturation while the ordination analysis revealed that they had a significant (p ≤ 0.002) effect on vegetation associations. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the influence of environmental factors on the composition and associations of grass species and the development of scientifically informed management solutions for the ecological restoration of degraded habitats in this Himalayan region

Spatiotemporal variation in land use land cover in the response to local climate change using multispectral remote sensing data

Climate change is likely to have serious social, economic, and environmental impacts on farmers whose subsistence depends on nature. Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes were examined as a significant tool for assessing changes at diverse temporal and spatial scales. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has the potential ability to signify the vegetation structures of various eco-regions and provide valuable information as a remote sensing tool in studying vegetation phenology cycles. In this study, we used remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques with Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) to identify the LULC changes for 40 years in the Sahiwal District. Later, we conducted 120 questionnaires administered to local farmers which were used to correlate climate changes with NDVI. The LULC maps were prepared using MLC and training sites for the years 1981, 2001, and 2021. Regression analysis (R2) was performed to identify the relationship between temperature and vegetation cover (NDVI) in the study area. Results indicate that the build-up area was increased from 7203.76 ha (2.25%) to 31,081.3 ha (9.70%), while the vegetation area decreased by 14,427.1 ha (4.5%) from 1981 to 2021 in Sahiwal District. The mean NDVI values showed that overall NDVI values decreased from 0.24 to 0.20 from 1981 to 2021. Almost 78% of farmers stated that the climate has been changing during the last few years, 72% of farmers stated that climate change had affected agriculture, and 53% of farmers thought that rainfall intensity had also decreased. The R2 tendency showed that temperature and NDVI were negatively connected to each other. This study will integrate and apply the best and most suitable methods, tools, and approaches for equitable local adaptation and governance of agricultural systems in changing climate conditions. Therefore, this research outcome will also meaningfully help policymakers and urban planners for sustainable LULC management and strategies at the local level