Cellulase and β-galactosidase activities in 'golden' and 'gran golden' papaya softening

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a ação das enzimas celulase e β-galactosidase em relação à perda de firmeza dessas cultivares de mamões 'Gran Golden' e 'Golden' devido a relatos de uma perda de firmeza diferenciada entre as cvs. Os frutos foram armazenados a 25ºC e analisados diariamente quanto à firmeza da polpa e à atividade enzimática da celulase e β-galactosidase durante 8 dias. Os resultados de firmeza da polpa e atividade enzimática foram submetidos às análises de correlação e regressão. No 4º dia pós-colheita os mamões 'Golden' apresentaram firmeza média de 60,6 N e os 'Gran Golden' 31,1 N e a um aumento da atividade da celulase e da β-galactosidase. Os dados gerados neste trabalho sugerem que as enzimas celulase e β-galactosidase atuam diferentemente no processo de perda de firmeza dos frutos das cultivares Goldene Gran Golden. Aantecipaçãonaperdade firmezade 'Gran Golden' pode estar relacionada com a maior atividade dessas enzimas.It has been reported by orchards from the north of Espírito Santo state that 'Gran Golden' papaya loses firmness faster than 'Golden'. The goal of this work was to evaluate the action of cellulase and β-galactosidase related to the softening on papaya. The fruits have been stored at 25ºC and firmness and enzymes activities were daily analyzed during 8 days. The results were submitted to correlation and regression analysis. The activity of cellulase and β-galactosidase had increased for both cultivars. The 4th postharvest day showed that 'Golden' firmness was 6.18 while 'Gran Golden' was 31.1 N. Fruit softening in 'Gran Golden' was intense and the fruit was very soft at ripe stage. These works show that hydrolytic enzymes cellulase and β-galactosidase act differently in the softening process in 'Golden'and 'Gran Golden'papaya. The flesh firmness on 'Gran Golden' is related to the increased activity of these enzymes. These results can help to choose which cultivar to produce in relation to shelf-life and fruit quality at commercialization places.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Banco do NordesteBrape

Effects of salt stress on germination, seedling growth, osmotic adjustment, and chlorophyll fluorescence in Prosopis alba G.

Prosopis alba G. is a species of high forest importance in the phytogeographical region of Western Chaco. Although P. alba has been considered as salinity tolerant, its salinity thresholds for germination and seedling growth are unknown, as well as the physiological mechanisms involved in them. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of tolerance of P. alba to salt stress. Seed germination, seedling growth, osmotic adjustment, and chlorophyll fluorescence were- analyzed. Germination was more tolerant to salinity than seedling growth, with thresholds of 600 mM and 500 mM, respectively. The species showed a high capability of osmotic adjustment, with values near to those observed in halophytes. The photochemical phase of photosynthesis was highly tolerant to saline stress, showing photoinhibition from 400 mM NaCl, as indicated by the fluorescence variables of chlorophyll. This behavior was associated to an increase in anthocyanin concentrations in the leaves.Prosopis alba G. is a species of high forest importance in the phytogeographical region of Western Chaco. Although P. alba has been considered as salinity tolerant, its salinity thresholds for germination and seedling growth are unknown, as well as the physiological mechanisms involved in them. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of tolerance of P. alba to salt stress. Seed germination, seedling growth, osmotic adjustment, and chlorophyll fluorescence were- analyzed. Germination was more tolerant to salinity than seedling growth, with thresholds of 600 mM and 500 mM, respectively. The species showed a high capability of osmotic adjustment, with values near to those observed in halophytes. The photochemical phase of photosynthesis was highly tolerant to saline stress, showing photoinhibition from 400 mM NaCl, as indicated by the fluorescence variables of chlorophyll. This behavior was associated to an increase in anthocyanin concentrations in the leaves

Efectos del estrés salino sobre la germinación, crecimiento de plántulas, ajuste osmótico y fluorescencia de la clorofila en Prosopis alba G.

Fil: Meloni, Diego Ariel. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (Argentina)Fil: Gulotta, Marta Rosalía. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (Argentina)Fil: Silva, Diolina Moura. Universidade Federal do Espírito SantoFil: Arraiza, María Paz. Universidad Politécnica de Madri

Different planting spacings and fertilization levels on the activity of nitrate reductase in leaves of papaya hybrid UENF/CALIMAN-01

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes espaçamentos de plantio e de níveis de adubação NPK sobre a atividade da redutase do nitrato (RN) nas folhas do híbrido de mamoeiro UENF/CALIMAN-01 , visando a sugerir possível ajuste em seu manejo de adubação nitrogenada, no sentido de maximizar a eficiência do uso do nitrogênio. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda Caliman Agrícola S.A., no município de Linhares - ES. Utilizou-se o delineamento estatístico experimental em blocos casualizados, com esquema fatorial, com três espaçamentos de plantio entre plantas (E1 = 1,8 m; E2 = 2,25 m, e E3 = 2,7 m), cinco níveis de adubação NPK convencional (A1 = 80% do padrão; A2 = 100% padrão da empresa; A3 = 120% do padrão; A4 = 140% do padrão, e A5 = 160% do padrão) e cinco períodos de avaliação (meses de março a julho). O padrão de adubação NPK da empresa consiste em 350; 105 e 660 kg ha-1ano-1 de sulfato de amônio (20% de N), superfosfato simples (18% de P) e cloreto de potássio (60% de K), respectivamente. Os dados obtidos para a atividade da RN foram submetidos a uma análise de variância e teste de médias. Dentre os tratamentos testados, o nível A1 (80% do padrão), independentemente do espaçamento, poderia ser indicado no manejo do híbrido de mamoeiro UENF/CALIMAN-01, pois em todos eles a atividade da redutase do nitrato, em praticamente todos os períodos avaliados, apresentou valores adequados, ou até mesmo superiores aos encontrados na literatura em cultivares de mamoeiro. A redução da adubação NPK pôde ser justificada, uma vez que não houve diferença na produtividade das plantas entre os tratamentos avaliados.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different planting spacings and levels of NPK manuring on the activity of the nitrate reductase (NR) in the leaves of the papaya hybrid UENF/CALIMAN-01, aiming to suggest possible adjustment in the handling of nitrogen fertilization, in the sense of maximizing the efficiency of the use of the nitrogen. The experiment was driven in the Caliman Agrícola S.A. farm, in the municipal district of Linhares- ES. A complete block design, factorial, with three planting spacings among plants (E1 = 1.8 m, E2 = 2.25 m and E3 = 2.7 m), five levels of NPK conventional manuring (A1 = 80% of the standard, A2 = 100% of the company standard, A3 = 120% of the standard, A4 = 140% of the standard and A5 = 160% of the standard) and five evaluation periods ( from March to July) was used. The standard of the company NPK manuring consists of 350, 105 and 660 Kg ha-1year -1 of sulfate of ammonium (20% of N), simple superphosphate (18% of P) and potassium chloride (60% of K), respectively. The data obtained for the activity of NR were submitted to a variance analysis and average test. Among the tested treatments, A1 (80% of standard), independent of the spacing, could be indicated in the handling of the hybrid UENF/CALIMAN-01, because in all of them the activity of the nitrate reductase in, practically, all of the appraised periods, presented appropriate values, or even, superiors to the ones found in the literature for the papaya tree. The reduction of NPK fertilization could be justified, once that did not have difference in the productivity of the plants among the evaluated treatments.FINEPCNPq(FAPERJ) Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeir

Biomass and essential oil yields of cornmint (Mentha arvensis L.) grown in the irrigation area of Río Dulce, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.

The aim of this study is to determine the yield and composition of the essential oil of cornmint (Mentha arvensis L.) grown in the irrigation area of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Field tests were carried out under irrigation conditions, harvesting when 70% flowering was reached (in the summer and at the end of the winter seasons). Essential oil yields were 2% in the first cut and 1.6% in the second cut, respectively, the major constituents of the essential oil being menthol, menthone, isomenthone and menthofuran. In both cases, a high concentration of menthol was obtained, although during the winter the content decreased, increasing the concentration of menthofuran. It is concluded that during the summer a higher yield and better quality of essential oil are produced

Analyses of OJIP transients in leaves of two epiphytic orchids under drought stress

The tolerance to low water availability is a decisive factor for growth and survival of orchids in their natural environment. The objective of this study was to characterize the photochemical traits of two epiphytic orchids (Cattleya warneri and Miltonia spectabilis) under water deficit (WD). Chlorophyll a fluorescence signals were recorded from young and fully expanded leaves of 5 plants/ species after dark-adaption for 60 minutes, between 6-9 a.m. after 0, 30, 60, and 90 days of WD, using a Handy-PEA fluorometer (Hansatech, UK). Increases of O-J and J-I phases and L and K-bands and decreases of I-P phase were observed after 30 days of WD, especially in C. warneri. Decreases in the capacity to photochemically reduce quinone A (QA) and the kinetic properties required for redox reactions of the plastoquinone pool, the loss of energetic connectivity between units of PSII, inactivation of the oxygen evolution complex, and decrease of the overall rate of reducing the electron acceptor pool of photosystem I were observed in M. spectabilis, a more tolerant species. The greater ability of this species to maintain higher relative water content (RWC) in photosynthetic tissues allows greater photochemical activity

Efeitos do aluminio sobre a fixação biologica do nitrogenio em soja (Glycine max(L. Merril) cv. Santa Rosa

Orientador: Ladaslav SodekDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito indireto do alumínio, simulando cal agem superficial de solos ácidos, sobre a fixação biológica do nitrogênio em plantas de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril cv. Santa Rosa), este trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas etapas...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digitalAbstract: Not informed.MestradoBiologia VegetalMestre em Ciências Biológica