Citizen science data of cetaceans in the Arabian/Persian Gulf: Occurrence and habitat preferences of the three most reported species

Citizen science data are becoming increasingly relevant in wildlife studies, especially when obtaining data requires costly logistics. In the Arabian/Persian Gulf, baseline information about cetaceans is scarce despite their regular presence. From 2012 to 2019, a citizen science campaign conducted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) obtained information on 1,292 cetacean sightings. These were methodically validated by experts, resulting in 1,103 records where species was confidently assigned. From the 12 species reported, we analyzed the spatial patterns of occurrence and drivers of habitat preference for the three most reported species: Tursiops aduncus (Ta 53%), Sousa plumbea (Sp 45%), and Neophocaena phocaenoides (Np 2%). Ecological niche modelling, considering seven environmental variables (physicochemical: temperature, silicate, calcite, pH; physiographic: distance from coast, bathymetry; biological: chlorophyll) showed subtle niche partitioning among the three species. Our results suggest different diets and energy requirements for Np, with Ta and Sp, segregating mostly by different patterns of space use. Specifically, Sp prefers close proximity to shore, particularly areas with complex networks of inland canals. This information provides an estimate of habitat preferences, that can be used in formulating effective conservation measures. Sp shows the narrowest area of suitable habitat and is at particular risk from habitat degradation

Valuation of fresh produce at Local Markets, consumer´sperspectives

[resumo][abstract

Práticas de acolhimento pedagógico e emocional desenvolvidas na Educação Infantil com crianças em processo de luto

The experience of mourning is part of life, however, it is little discussed in educational practices. The present work aimed to understand the experience of mourning at school in Early Childhood Education classes. Likewise, it discusses the elaboration of possible measures for the implementation of pedagogical actions of emotional embracement, to move towards the quality of the integral development of the child. Based on legal documents in Early Childhood Education (Brazil, 1996; 2010) and authors such as Fujisaka (2022) and Lustosa (2016) who research grief. A literature review on mourning in early childhood education was used as a methodology and a case study in a public institution in Piauí. It is concluded that mourning, at the time of a post-pandemic, caused several problems faced by children and other professionals in Early Childhood Education, so that many of these complications are still not possible to be measured accurately. However, the school and its professionals must articulate actions to be worked on in this context, considering the institution's possibilities, with the aim of taking care of children's emotions in this regard.A experiência do luto faz parte da vida, no entanto, é pouco discutida nas práticas educacionais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a vivência do luto na escola, em especial, em turmas de Educação Infantil. Do mesmo modo, discute-se sobre a elaboração de possíveis medidas para a implementação de ações pedagógicas de acolhimento emocional, a fim de encaminhar-se à qualidade do desenvolvimento integral da criança. Fundamentado a partir de documentos legais da área da Educação Infantil (Brasil, 1996; 2010) e autores como Fujisaka (2022) e Lustosa (2016) que pesquisam sobre o luto. Utilizou-se como metodologia uma revisão da literatura sobre o luto na educação infantil e um estudo de caso em uma instituição pública do Piauí. Conclui-se que o luto, no momento de pós-pandemia, ocasionou diversos problemas enfrentados pelas crianças e demais profissionais da Educação Infantil, de modo que muitas dessas complicações ainda não são possíveis de serem mensuradas com exatidão. A escola e seus profissionais devem articular ações a serem trabalhadas nesse contexto, considerando as possibilidades da instituição, com o intuito de cuidar das emoções das crianças nesse aspecto

A Mídia como Meio de Reprodução do Poder e da Disciplina no contexto da Tríplice Fronteira

A proposta deste artigo é analisar as formas de enquadramento jornalístico empregado por um jornal local na Tríplice Fronteira entre Brasil, Argentina e Paraguai. Tal análise procura investigar o papel de um diário local na reprodução do poder e da disciplina presentes em outras áreas da sociedade, perfazendo a análise dos discursos e o uso do vocabulário em notícias com os termos “Argentina”, “favela”, “fronteira”, “Paraguai” e “periferia” no ano de 2006. Para isso, baseia-se nas ideias do filósofo francês Michel Foucault e em seus conceitos de Poder e Disciplin

Phylogenomics of the genus Tursiops and closely related Delphininae reveals extensive reticulation among lineages and provides inference about eco-evolutionary drivers

Phylogeographic inference has provided extensive insight into the relative roles of geographical isolation and ecological processes during evolutionary radiations. However, the importance of cross-lineage admixture in facilitating adaptive radiations is increasingly being recognised, and suggested as a main cause of phylogenetic uncertainty. In this study, we used a double digest RADseq protocol to provide a high resolution (∼ 4 Million bp) nuclear phylogeny of the Delphininae. Phylogenetic resolution of this group has been especially intractable, likely because it has experienced a recent species radiation. We carried out cross-lineage reticulation analyses, and tested for several sources of potential bias in determining phylogenies from genome sampling data. We assessed the divergence time and historical demography of T. truncatus and T. aduncus by sequencing the T. aduncus genome and comparing it with the T. truncatus reference genome. Our results suggest monophyly for the genus Tursiops, with the recently proposed T. australis species falling within the T. aduncus lineage. We also show the presence of extensive cross-lineage gene flow between pelagic and European coastal ecotypes of T. truncatus, as well as in the early stages of diversification between spotted (Stenella frontalis; Stenella attenuata), spinner (Stenella longirostris), striped (Stenella coeruleoalba), common (Delphinus delphis), and Fraser’s (Lagenodelphis hosei) dolphins. Our study suggests that cross-lineage gene flow in this group has been more extensive and complex than previously thought. In the context of biogeography and local habitat dependence, these results improve our understanding of the evolutionary processes determining the history of this lineage

Muscle protein metabolism in neonatal alloxan-administered rats: effects of continuous and intermittent swimming training

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This study aimed to examine the effects of intermittent and continuous swimming training on muscle protein metabolism in neonatal alloxan-administered rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Wistar rats were used and divided into six groups: sedentary alloxan (SA), sedentary control (SC), continuous trained alloxan (CA), intermittent trained alloxan (IA), continuous trained control (CC) and intermittent trained control (IC). Alloxan (250 mg/kg body weight) was injected into newborn rats at 6 days of age. The continuous training protocol consisted of 12 weeks of swimming training in individual cylinder tanks while supporting a load that was 5% of body weight; uninterrupted swimming for 1 h/day, five days a week. The intermittent training protocol consisted of 12 weeks of swimming training in individual cylinder tanks while supporting a load that was 15% of body weight; 30 s of activity interrupted by 30 s of rest for a total of 20 min/day, five days a week.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At 28 days, the alloxan animals displayed higher glycemia after glucose overload than the control animals. No differences in insulinemia among the groups were detected. At 120 days, no differences in serum albumin and total protein among the groups were observed. Compared to the other groups, DNA concentrations were higher in the alloxan animals that were subjected to continuous training, whereas the DNA/protein ratio was higher in the alloxan animals that were subjected to intermittent training.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It was concluded that continuous and intermittent training sessions were effective in altering muscle growth by hyperplasia and hypertrophy, respectively, in alloxan-administered animals.</p

ENTENDENDO A SÍNDROME PITT-HOPKINS

Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome is a rare genetic condition characterized by intellectual disability, breathing problems, and distinctive facial patterns. It was first identified in 1978 by Pitt and Hopkins. The syndrome is caused by mutations or deletions in the TCF4 gene located on chromosome 18, and is generally not inherited, occurring sporadically. A prominent feature of the syndrome is severe intellectual disability, often accompanied by delayed motor and speech development. Fine motor skills may be affected, contributing to challenges in motor coordination. Communication is often limited, with some individuals developing minimal verbal skills. Distinctive facial patterns are also observed, including a high forehead, broad nose, wide mouth with thick lips, and cleft palate or arching of the palate. Additionally, many individuals with Pitt-Hopkins syndrome experience hyperventilation and panting, which may be accompanied by episodes of hyperventilation followed by periods of apnea. Gastrointestinal problems such as constipation and reflux are common, as are episodes of repetitive hand movements such as clapping. Furthermore, some patients may manifest self-aggressive or stereotypical behaviors. The diagnosis of Pitt-Hopkins syndrome is usually confirmed through genetic testing that identifies mutations in the TCF4 gene. Management of the syndrome involves a multidisciplinary approach, with interventions focused on supporting communication, motor development, and treatment of associated conditions. Although Pitt-Hopkins syndrome is a challenging condition, in-depth understanding of the underlying genetics has facilitated the development of more effective management strategies. Awareness and ongoing support for patients and their families are essential to improving quality of life and addressing the unique challenges associated with this rare syndrome.A Síndrome Pitt-Hopkins é uma rara condição genética caracterizada por deficiência intelectual, problemas respiratórios, e padrões faciais distintivos. Foi identificada pela primeira vez em 1978 por Pitt e Hopkins. A síndrome é causada por mutações ou deleções no gene TCF4 localizado no cromossomo 18, e geralmente não é herdada, ocorrendo de forma esporádica. Uma característica proeminente da síndrome é a deficiência intelectual grave, muitas vezes acompanhada por atraso no desenvolvimento motor e na fala. As habilidades motoras finas podem ser afetadas, contribuindo para desafios na coordenação motora. A comunicação é frequentemente limitada, com alguns indivíduos desenvolvendo habilidades verbais mínimas. Padrões faciais distintivos também são observados, incluindo testa alta, nariz largo, boca larga com lábios espessos e fenda palatina ou arqueamento do palato. Além disso, muitos indivíduos com a síndrome Pitt-Hopkins apresentam hiperventilação e respiração ofegante, podendo ser acompanhados por episódios de hiperventilação seguidos por períodos de apneia. Problemas gastrointestinais, como constipação e refluxo, são comuns, assim como episódios de movimentos repetitivos das mãos, como bater palmas. Além disso, alguns pacientes podem manifestar comportamentos autoagressivos ou estereotipados. O diagnóstico da síndrome Pitt-Hopkins geralmente é confirmado por meio de testes genéticos que identificam mutações no gene TCF4. O manejo da síndrome envolve uma abordagem multidisciplinar, com intervenções focadas no suporte à comunicação, desenvolvimento motor, e tratamento de condições associadas. Embora a síndrome Pitt-Hopkins seja uma condição desafiadora, a compreensão aprofundada da genética subjacente tem facilitado o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo mais eficazes. A conscientização e o suporte contínuo a pacientes e suas famílias são essenciais para melhorar a qualidade de vida e enfrentar os desafios únicos associados a essa síndrome rara

TUBERCULOSE NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which mainly affects the lungs, but can occur in other organs. Primary Health Care (PHC) plays a crucial role in tuberculosis control, being the gateway to the health system. Early diagnosis, adequate treatment and prevention of spread are essential at this level of care. APS plays a key role in identifying suspected cases by investigating symptoms such as persistent cough, fever, night sweats and unexplained weight loss. Carrying out the tuberculin skin test and additional tests, such as chest x-rays, are important tools in the diagnostic approach. Tuberculosis treatment is carried out with a combination of antibiotics for a minimum period of six months, which is crucial for a cure and interruption of transmission. APS also plays a fundamental role in ensuring adherence to treatment, monitoring and supporting patients throughout the process. Health education actions and awareness campaigns in PHC are important strategies to prevent tuberculosis, including information about transmission, symptoms and the importance of seeking early care. In summary, PHC plays a central role in the detection, treatment and prevention of tuberculosis, contributing to reducing the burden of the disease in the community and promoting public health. Tuberculosis (TB) represents a global public health challenge, and the role played by Primary Health Care (PHC) in the prevention, diagnosis and effective treatment of this infectious disease is crucial. PHC serves as the basis of the health system, working to identify suspected cases early, by addressing symptoms such as persistent cough, fever, night sweats and unexplained weight loss. Strategies such as the tuberculin skin test and imaging tests, such as chest radiography, are fundamental instruments for the diagnostic approach.A Tuberculose (TB) é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, que afeta principalmente os pulmões, mas pode ocorrer em outros órgãos. A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) desempenha um papel crucial no controle da tuberculose, sendo a porta de entrada para o sistema de saúde. O diagnóstico precoce, o tratamento adequado e a prevenção da disseminação são essenciais nesse nível de atenção. A APS desempenha um papel fundamental na identificação de casos suspeitos, por meio da investigação de sintomas como tosse persistente, febre, sudorese noturna e perda de peso inexplicada. A realização do teste tuberculínico e de exames complementares, como radiografia de tórax, são ferramentas importantes na abordagem diagnóstica. O tratamento da tuberculose é realizado com uma combinação de antibióticos por um período mínimo de seis meses, sendo crucial para a cura e a interrupção da transmissão. A APS também desempenha um papel fundamental na garantia da adesão ao tratamento, monitorando e apoiando os pacientes ao longo do processo. Ações de educação em saúde e campanhas de conscientização na APS são estratégias importantes para prevenir a tuberculose, incluindo informações sobre a transmissão, os sintomas e a importância da busca por atendimento precoce. Em resumo, a APS desempenha um papel central na detecção, tratamento e prevenção da tuberculose, contribuindo para a redução da carga da doença na comunidade e para a promoção da saúde pública. A Tuberculose (TB) representa um desafio global de saúde pública, sendo crucial o papel desempenhado pela Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) na prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento eficaz dessa doença infecciosa. A APS serve como a base do sistema de saúde, atuando na identificação precoce de casos suspeitos, por meio da abordagem de sintomas como tosse persistente, febre, sudorese noturna e perda de peso inexplicada. Estratégias como o teste tuberculínico e exames de imagem, como radiografia de tórax, são instrumentos fundamentais para a abordagem diagnóstica