On the genus Crossaster (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and its distribution

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Resultatkontroll skogbruk/miljø. Rapport 2014

I denne rapporten presenteres resultatene fra resultatkontrollen i 2013, som omfatter resultatkontrollen for foryngelse, kontroll av skogsveger og kontroll av skogbruksplaner. Resultatene fra resultatkontrollen for foryngelse er basert på 1 040 foryngelsesfelt. Andelen der foryngelsesmetoden var planting var i 2013 på 60,0 %, en økning i forhold til nivået de siste årene. Andelen som er tilrettelagt for naturlig foryngelse har gått tilsvarende ned og omfattet i 2013 21,8 % av det totale foryngelsesarealet. Kombinasjon av planting og naturlig foryngelse ble anvendt på 6,7 % av det kontrollerte arealet, mens såing ble anvendt på 0,3 prosent. Arealer der det ikke var gjennomført tiltak for å legge til rette for foryngelse utgjorde 11,1 % av det kontrollerte foryngelsesarealet. Dette er samme omfang som i 2012, og kontrollen i 2013 synes dermed å bekrefte en positiv tendens fra de seneste årene, ved at andelen av foryngelsesarealet som ikke er tilplantet eller tilrettelagt for naturlig foryngelse, er blitt noe mindre. Det er foretatt resultatkontroll av 469 veganlegg i 2013, hvorav 461 anlegg ble godkjent samme år. Den tekniske og landskapsmessige standarden på ferdigstilte anlegg har over lang tid vært god, og dette er også hovedbildet i 2013. Kontroll av skogbruksplanprosjekter omfattet i 2013 15 godkjente og avsluttede takstprosjekter, hvorav 13 med MiS-registreringer og to med MiS etterregistreringer. Takstene omfatter et areal på 1,9 millioner dekar fordelt på 3 729 eiendommer, med en gjennomsnittskostnad på 14,3 kroner per dekar. Til sammen utgjør miljøfigurer fra MiS-registreringer i de avsluttede prosjektene et areal på 75 295 dekar

Vertical heat flux and lateral mass transport in nonlinear internal waves

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 37 (2010): L08601, doi:10.1029/2010GL042715.Comprehensive observations of velocity, density, and turbulent dissipation permit quantification of the nonlinear internal wave (NLIW) contribution to vertical heat flux and lateral mass transport over New Jersey's shelf. The effect of NLIWs on the shelf heat budget was significant. On average, heat flux in NLIWs was 10 times larger than background at the pycnocline depth. NLIWs were present at midshelf <10% of the time, yet we estimate that they contributed roughly one−half the heat flux across the pycnocline during the observation period, which was characterized by weak to moderate winds. Lateral transport distances due to the leading 3 waves in NLIW packets were typically inline equation(100 m) but ranged several kilometers. The month-averaged daily onshore transport (per unit alongshelf dimension) by NLIWs is estimated as 0.3 m2s−1. This is comparable to a weak downwelling wind, but sustained over an entire month.This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research

Worries and Concerns among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Followed Prospectively over One Year

Disease-related worries are frequently reported in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but longitudinal assessments of these worries are scarce. In the present study, patients completed the rating form of IBD patient concerns (RFIPC) at three occasions during one year. One-way analysis of variance (ANO VA), t-tests, bivariate correlation, and linear regression analyses were used to analyse data. The validity and reliability of the Norwegian RFIPC was tested. A total of 140 patients were included (V1), ulcerative colitis (UC) n = 92, Crohn's disease (CD) n = 48, mean age 46.9 and 40.0-year old, respectively. The highest rated worries included having an ostomy bag, loss of bowel control, and reduced energy levels. Symptoms were positively associated with more worries. A pattern of IBD-related worries was consistent over a period of one year. Worries about undergoing surgery or having an ostomy bag seemed to persist even when symptoms improved. The Norwegian RFIPC is valid and reliable

Nonlinear internal waves over New Jersey's continental shelf

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011): C03022, doi:10.1029/2010JC006332.Ship and mooring data collected off the coast of New Jersey are used to describe the nonlinear internal wave (NLIW) field and the background oceanographic conditions that formed the waveguide on the shelf. The subinertial, inertial, and tidal circulation are described in detail, and the background fluid state is characterized using the coefficients of the extended Korteweg–de Vries equation. The utility of this type of analysis is demonstrated in description of an amplitude-limited, flat wave. NLIWs observed over most of the month had typical displacements of −8 m, but waves observed from 17–21 August were almost twice as large with displacements near −15 m. During most of the month, wave packets occurred irregularly at a fixed location, and often more than one packet was observed per M2 tidal period. In contrast, the arrival times of the large-amplitude wave groups observed over 17–21 August were more closely phased with the barotropic tide. The time span in which the largest NLIWs were observed corresponded to neap barotropic conditions, but when the shoreward baroclinic energy flux was elevated. During the time of large NLIWs, near-inertial waves were a dominate contributor to the internal motions on the shelf and apparently regulated wave formation, as destructive/constructive modulation of the M2 internal tide by the inertial wavefield at the shelf break corresponded to stronger/weaker NLIWs on the shelf.This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research

Hvilke forpliktelser kan utledes fra forbudet mot "umenneskelig" og "nedverdigende" behandling etter EMK art. 3 ved bruk av isolasjon overfor innsatte i fengsel med psykiske lidelser

Oppgaven tar sikte på å avklare spenningsforholdet mellom de psykiske skadevirkningene av isolasjon og statens plikt til å forhindre at innsatte utsettes for "umenneskelig" eller "nedverdigende" behandling etter EMK art. 3.MasteroppgaveJUS399MAJUR-2MAJU

Observations of broadband acoustic backscattering from nonlinear internal waves : assessing the contribution from microstructure

Author Posting. © IEEE, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of IEEE for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 35 (2010): 695-709, doi:10.1109/JOE.2010.2047814.In this paper, measurements of high-frequency broadband (160-590 kHz) acoustic backscattering from surface trapped nonlinear internal waves of depression are presented. These waves are ideal for assessing the contribution from oceanic microstructure to scattering as they are intensely turbulent. Almost coincident direct microstructure measurements were performed and zooplankton community structure was characterized using depth-resolved net sampling techniques. The contribution to scattering from microstructure can be difficult to distinguish from the contribution to scattering from zooplankton using a single narrowband frequency as microstructure and zooplankton are often colocated and can have similar scattering levels over a range of frequencies. Yet their spectra are distinct over a sufficiently broad frequency range, allowing broadband backscattering measurements to reduce the ambiguities typically associated with the interpretation of narrowband measurements. In addition, pulse compression signal processing techniques result in very high-resolution images, allowing physical processes that are otherwise hard to resolve to be imaged, such as Kelvin-Helmholtz shear instabilities. In this study, high-resolution acoustic observations of multiple nonlinear internal waves are presented and regions with distinct scattering spectra are identified. Spectra that decrease in level across the available frequency band were highly correlated to regions of intense turbulence and high stratification, and to Kevin-Helmholtz shear instabilities in particular. Spectra that increase in level across the available frequency band were consistent with scattering dominated by small zooplankton. Simple inversions for relevant microstructure parameters are presented. Limitations of, and improvements to, the broadband system and techniques utilized in this study are discussed.This work was supported in part by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant N000140210359

Local ocean response to a multiphase westerly wind burst: 1. Dynamic response

The dynamic response to a westerly wind burst which occurred during the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment in the warm pool of the equatorial Pacific Ocean is described using velocity, hydrography, and microstructure measurements. Turbulent fluxes distributed momentum input from the wind over a near‐surface layer of variable thickness. Coriolis and pressure gradient terms combined to induce a wavelike response whose frequency was close to the local inertial frequency. Wind stress variations on near‐inertial timescales interfered both constructively and destructively with the wave response, exerting considerable influence on the observed currents

Industrialisering av byggeprosessene. Status og trender

Forord. Denne rapporten oppsummerer Fase 1 og 2 i en kartlegging av status og trender på feltet "industrialisert byggeprosess". Innholdet er utredet av forskere ved SINTEF Byggforsk, NTNU og SINTEF Raufoss Manufacturing. Fase 1 var utarbeidelsen av en rapport bestilt og finansiert av BAE-programmet om temaet. Arbeidet ble utført første halvår 2016, og rapporten ble levert i endelig versjon september 2016. Fase 2 har vært å sende rapporten ut til aktører i næringen på høring og deretter gi ut rapporten som denne rapporten. Medlemmene i nettverket Bygdin – Bygge- og anleggsnæringens industrialiseringsarena – ble valgt ut som høringsinstanser. Arbeidet er finansiert gjennom nettverket Bygdin. Rapporten har tre hoveddeler. I del 1 bretter vi ut feltet, tar et historisk sveip og analyserer hva som kjennetegner en industrialisert byggeprosess. Vi ser på forholdet mellom prosessene, produktet, folkene som er involvert og ytre drivere (globalisering, etterspørsel, lover og regler m.m.). Vi introduserer et kart hvor vi beskriver fem dimensjoner: organisering, variasjon, skala, automatisering og teknologibruk. Det å se disse i sammenheng gir et bilde av graden av industrialisering i byggeprosessene. I del 2 legger vi frem eksempler på hva som rører seg på feltet innen forskning og praksis, både nasjonalt og internasjonalt. Vi trekker frem relevante erfaringer i andre industrier. I del 3 beskriver vi noen utviklingstrender; læring fra andre industrier, fra manuelle til automatiserte prosesser, fra "off-site" til "on-site" industrialisering, økt kundetilpasning og fra komponentbaserte til sømløse produkter. Et godt kunnskapsgrunnlag bidrar til en felles forståelse av hva vi mener med en industrialisert byggeprosess og til å sikre at videre FoU-arbeid plasserer seg riktig i forhold til status i BA-næringen og på forskningsfrontenpublishedVersio