Personalized peptide-based vaccination for treatment of colorectal cancer: rational and progress

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers globally and is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. A large proportion of patients with early stage CRC who undergo conventional treatments develop local recurrence or distant metastasis and in this group of advanced disease, the survival rate is low. Furthermore there is often a poor response and/or toxicity associated with chemotherapy and chemo-resistance may limit continuing conventional treatment alone. Choosing novel and targeted therapeutic approaches based on clinicopathological and molecular features of tumors in combination with conventional therapeutic approach could be used to eradicate residual micrometastasis and therefore improve patient prognosis and also be used preventively. Peptide-based vaccination therapy is one class of cancer treatment that could be used to induce tumor-specific immune responses, through the recognition of specific antigen-derived peptides in tumor cells, and this has emerged as a promising anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. The aim of this review was to summarize the main findings of recent studies in exciting field of peptide-based vaccination therapy in CRC patients as a novel therapeutic approach in treatment of CRC

On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection

A new 1D radial fluid code, IMAGINE, is used to simulate the penetration of gas into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection (MGI). The main result is that the gas is in general strongly braked as it reaches the plasma, due to mechanisms related to charge exchange and (to a smaller extent) recombination. As a result, only a fraction of the gas penetrates into the plasma. Also, a shock wave is created in the gas which propagates away from the plasma, braking and compressing the incoming gas. Simulation results are quantitatively consistent, at least in terms of orders of magnitude, with experimental data for a D 2 MGI into a JET Ohmic plasma. Simulations of MGI into the background plasma surrounding a runaway electron beam show that if the background electron density is too high, the gas may not penetrate, suggesting a possible explanation for the recent results of Reux et al in JET (2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 093013)

Catena-[bis(o-aminobenzoato-kappa(3) N,O:O)Mn(II)]

In the title complex, [C14H12MnN2O4], the Mn(II) cation octahedrally coordinated by two N and two 0 atoms from two o-aminobenzoate ligands and two O atoms from another two o-aminobenzoate ligands. The carboxylate groups of two o-aminobenzoate anions coordinate to the Mn(II) cation in a monodentate manner, whereas the other two o-aminobenzoate anions chelate the Mn(II) cations through the O-atom of the carboxylate group and the N-atom of the amino group. This complex adopts the syn-anti carboxylate bridging mode with the conformation syn(eq)-anti(eq). The title complex is a two-dimensional coordination polymer based on an infinite Mn-O-C-O-Mn chain. There is hydrogen bond interaction within the two dimensional network. The adjacent two-dimensional network is packed only by Van der Waals interactions