Organoselenium Compounds as Phytochemicals from the Natural Kingdom.

Selenium is naturally present in soils but it is also produced by pollution from human activities into the environment. Its incorporation into plants affords organoselenium metabolites that, depending on the nature of the molecules and the plant species, can be incorporated into proteins, stored or eliminated by volatilization. The possibility to use the selenium metabolism of some plants as a method for bioremediation and, at the main time, as a source of selenated phytochemicals is here discussed taking into consideration the growing interest in organic selenium derivatives as new potential therapeutic agents

Synthesis of pyrazolo-enaminones, bipyrazoles and pyrazolopyrimidines and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties

A novel pyrazolo-enaminones, bipyrazoles and bipyrazolopyridines from 1-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)butane-1,3-dione and 4-methyl-2-phenyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3,6(3aH,7H)-dione have been synthesized by assisted heating with microwave radiation without any catalyst. The pyridine and pyrazole ring formation has been developed from easily accessible enamino keto esters by formylation followed by intramolecular cyclization. The general applicability for the synthesis of the important pyrazolo-enaminones, bipyrazoles and pyrazolo-pyridines heterocycles was attributed to simplicity of operation, synthesis without catalyst, energy efficiency (shorter reaction time under microwave irradiation), good yields, more environmentally friendly and more cost-effective procedure. The antioxidant activity of new heterocyclic compounds was evaluated by free radical scavenging by DPPH assay. Several of these compounds showed good activity against both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria

Evaluation De L’effet De L’extrait Aqueux Des Feuilles De Abrus Precatorius (Fabaceae) Sur Le Poids Et La Prise Alimentaire Chez Des Rats

Abrus precatorius est reconnue dans le monde pour ses nombreuses vertus thérapeutiques en médicine traditionnelle. Des études ont montré que l’extrait aqueux de ses feuilles est non toxique par voie orale chez des rats, ce qui pourrait justifier son innocuité observée chez l’homme en médicine traditionnelle. La présente étude a pour objectif de rechercher l’effet de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de A. precatorius sur le poids corporel et la prise alimentaire des rats traités contre les témoins traités à l’eau distillée. Au cours de cette étude expérimentale de 21 jours, les animaux au nombre de 12 ont été répartis dans des cages individuelles puis regroupés en deux groupes de 6. Ils ont été gavés chaque jour à deux doses (2ml/100g) des substances d’essai (matin/soir) pendant 7 jours et observés pendant 14 jours après l’arrêt du gavage. Afin de déterminer l’influence de l’extrait à la dose efficace (40 mg/ml) sur la croissance et la prise alimentaire des rats, l’évolution de ces deux paramètres a été suivie périodiquement tout au long de l’expérimentation. Les resultats obtenues montrent que l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de A. precatorius à la dose efficace (40 mg/ml) ne provoque pas de changement sur le poids et l’alimentation des rats. Tous ces résultats viennent justifier les nombreuses utilisations de la plante Abrus precatorius en médicine traditionnelle. Abrus precatorius is recognized worldwide for its many therapeutic virtues in traditional medicine. Studies have shown that the aqueous extract of its leaves is nontoxic orally in rats, which could justify its harmlessness observed in humans in traditional medicine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of A. precatorius leaves on body weight and feed intake of the treated rats against distilled water controls. During this 21-day experimental study, the 12 animals were distributed in individual cages and then grouped into two groups ofsix. They were force-fed every day with two doses (2ml / 100g) of the test substances. (Morning / evening) for 7 days and observe for 14 days after stopping force-feeding. In order to determine the influence of the extract at the effective dose (40 mg / ml) on the growth and feeding of the rats, the evolution of these two parameters was periodically monitored throughout the experiment. The results obtained show that the aqueous extract of A. precatorius leaves at the effective dose (40 mg / ml) does not cause any change in the weight and diet of the rats. All these results justify the many uses of the plant Abrus precatorius in traditional medicine

Sydnone: Synthesis, reactivity and biological activities

: Sydnones are among the most well-known mesoionic compounds. Since their synthesis in 1935 by Earl and Mecknay, numerous researches have shown that the chemical behavior, physical and biological properties of sydnones make them among the most useful compounds in organic chemistry. Sydnones undergo thermal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with dipolarophiles (alkynes or alkenes) to give exclusively derivatives containing a pyrazole moiety exhibiting numerous applications such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, the sydnone cycloaddition reaction with alkynes requires harsh conditions like high temperatures and long reaction times giving poor regioselectivity on the resulting products. To overcome these constraints, new reactions named CuSAC (Copper-Catalyzed Sydnone-Alkyne Cycloaddition) and SPSAC (Strain-Promoted Sydnone-Alkyne Cycloaddition) and have been developed, leading to pyrazoles with interesting constant kinetics

Ethyl 2-[(azidocarbonyl)amino]benzoate

In the almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.038 Å) title compound, C10H10N4O3, an intramolecular N—H...O interaction closes an S(6) ring. In the crystal, aromatic π–π stacking interactions occur [inter-centroid distance = 3.65 (2) Å]

Crystal structure of ethyl 2-(4-chloroanilino)acetate

The title compound, C10H12ClNO2, is close to planar (r.m.s. deviation for the 14 non-H atoms = 0.053 Å). In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H...Oc (c = carboxyl) hydrogen bonds generate R22(10) loops

Crystal structure of 2-methoxy-1-nitronaphthalene

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C11H9NO3, contains two molecules, A and B. In molecule A, the dihedral angle between the planes of the naphthalene ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.003 Å) and the nitro group is 89.9 (2)°, and the C atom of the methoxy group deviates from the naphthyl plane by 0.022 (2) Å. Equivalent data for molecule B are 0.008 Å, 65.9 (2)° and −0.198 (2) Å, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H...O interactions, forming [100] chains of alternating A and B molecules. Weak aromatic π–π stacking contacts, with a range of centroid–centroid distances from 3.5863 (9) to 3.8048 (9) Å, are also observed

3-Methylsulfanyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine

In the molecule of the title compound, C10H9N3S, the dihedral angle between the triazine and phenyl rings is 11.77 (7)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.7359 (3) and 3.7944 (4) Å], forming layers parallel to the bc plane

3,4,6-Trimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine

In the title compound, C15H15N3, the 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine system and the phenyl ring are each individually planar, with r.m.s. deviations of 0.017 (2) and 0.011 (2) Å, respectively; the dihedral angle between the two aromatic systems is 9.33 (10)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by offset π–π stacking between parallel pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine ring systems [face-to-face distance = 3.449 (6) Å]