Evaluation of shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets using trans-illumination technique with different curing profiles of LED light-curing unit in posterior teeth.

BackgroundAlthough using light-cured composites for bonding orthodontic brackets has become increasingly popular, curing light cannot penetrate the metallic bulk of brackets and polymerization of composites is limited to the edges. Limited access and poor direct sight may be a problem in the posterior teeth. Meanwhile, effectiveness of the trans-illumination technique is questionable due to increased bucco-lingual thickness of the posterior teeth. Light-emitting diode (LED) light-curing units cause less temperature rise and lower risk to the pulpal tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of trans-illumination technique in bonding metallic brackets to premolars, using different light intensities and curing times of an LED light-curing unit.MethodsSixty premolars were randomly divided into six groups. Bonding of brackets was done with 40- and 80-s light curing from the buccal or lingual aspect with different intensities. Shear bond strengths of brackets were measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance test and Duncan's post hoc test.ResultsThe highest shear bond belonged to group 2 (high intensity, 40 s, buccal) and the lowest belonged to group 3 (low intensity, 40 s, lingual). Bond strength means in control groups were significantly higher than those in experimental groups.ConclusionsIn all experimental groups except group 6 (80 s, high intensity, lingual), shear bond strength was below the clinically accepted values. In clinical limitations where light curing from the same side of the bracket is not possible, doubling the curing time and increasing the light intensity during trans-illumination are recommended for achieving acceptable bond strengths

Dietary synbiotic improves the growth performance, survival and innate immune response of Gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) juveniles

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary synbiotic (Biomon imbo) on the growth performance, survival and innate immune response of Gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) juveniles. Fish with initially average weight 15.5±0.2 g were randomly distributed into tanks (20 fish/tank). Basal diets (Biomar) were supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g symbiotic per kg-1 in a totally randomized design trial in triplicate group. At the end of the experiment (60 days), innate immune parameters (serum Ig levels and lysozyme activity) and growth factors (final weight, weight gain (WG %), specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR)) were assessed. According to our results, the growth performance and feed efficiency improve in fish fed on the diet containing 2.0 g kg-1 synbiotic (P0.05). Lysozym activity and serum Ig levels in fish fed the 2.0 g kg-1 synbiotic diet was higher compared to other experimental groups (P<0.05). These results indicate that synbiotic can be considered as a beneficial dietary supplement for improving the immune response and growth performance Gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) juveniles

Influence of dietary prebiotic mixture (α-mune) on growth performance, haematology and innate immunity of Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) juvenile

The present study investigated the effects of prebiotic (α-mune), a mixture of mannan oligosaccharide, β-1,3 and β-1,6 glucan, on the growth performance, haematology and innate immunity of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) juvenile. Fish (46±3 g) were allocated into 12 tanks (15 fish per tank) and triplicate groups were fed a control diet or diets containing 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 g kg-1 prebiotic for 46 days. Fish fed 1.5 g kg-1 prebiotic displayed significantly higher final weight, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio. WBC, RBC, MCV, MCH, haemoglobin, haematocrit and lymphocyte levels were also significantly higher in the fish fed 1.5 g kg-1 prebiotic. Furthermore, the highest haematocrit content and lymphocyte level were found in the fish fed a diet containing 1.5 g kg-1 prebiotic. Alternative complement activity (ACH50), lysozyme activity and Ig concentration were significantly higher in the fed 1.5 g kg-1 prebiotic. These results indicate that α-mune can be considered as a beneficial dietary supplement for improving the growth performance, haematological and immunological parameters of beluga sturgeon juvenile

Iranian EFL Learners and Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Critical Cultural Awareness

Critical cultural awareness (CCA) as an essential element of intercultural competence has attracted a myriad of scholars in the fields of language teaching, communication studies, cultural studies, gender studies, ethnic studies among others. That is why this study aims to investigate the attitudes of Iranian high school teachers and learners toward critical cultural awareness. The participants of the study included 307 teachers and 359 learners in different high schools in Qazvin. All the participants filled out the Critical Cultural Awareness Questionnaire. The data were then fed into SPSS software and were subjected to Principal Components Analysis. Three factors were extracted and named as CCA in ELT Programs, CCA in ELT Textbooks and Materials, and CCA in General Terms. The participants’ responses were analyzed based on these factors. The results of item analysis revealed that both teachers and learners indicated that all cultures should be equally addressed in ELT textbooks and materials. It was also concluded that the teachers' and learners’ awareness regarding the integration of culture into the mainstream teaching should be raised and they should put more emphasis on culture in their classes. One significant implication for EFL teachers and also syllabus designers is that an intercultural curriculum can enable learners to understand the target materials more efficiently

Antecedents and Implications of User Experience from Recommender Systems in Online Environments

Creating a great user experience is one of the main goals of online stores, which actually enables them to create a lasting competitive advantage. The user experience is also one of the valuable and innovative sources of information for designing recommender systems. Given the competitive world of commerce and the high similarity of goods and services, and considering the important role of the user experience and actually creating a positive impression in the user's mind, this study aims to determine the backgrounds and consequences of user experience from recommender systems in Online environments are done. The methodology of the present study is synthetic. In the qualitative section, 20 experts were selected through semi-structured interviews through purposeful judgment sampling. Then based on qualitative data content analysis, the initial research model was presented. In the quantitative part of the study, the statistical population of the study included all users and customers of the Digikala store that used its services in March and April 2019. For this purpose, 384 samples were selected by available sampling method. LISREL software was used to analyze the data in a small section and the hypotheses were confirmed. The results indicate that there are five main categories of background factors including perceived impact experience, perceived ease of experience, perceived quality experience, perceived support experience, and perceived external experience. Perceived attitudes, perceived value, perceived trust, and perceived satisfaction were also presented as consequences of the user experience of the recommender system in online environments

UGROŽENE RIBE SVIJETA: Paracobitis rhadinaeus (Regan, 1906) (NEMACHEILIDAE)

Paracobitis rhadinaeus is an endemic Nemacheiline loach in the Sistan basin, southeast Iran. The population is declining probably due to habitat loss or degradation, damming, drought and poaching. Urgent habitat protection with bans on further regulation of the Hamoun wetland and related reservoirs is suggested. Captive breeding of the fish should be initiated.Fishing activities should be forbidden or limited. A detailed study of current population status, biology and ecology of P. rhadinaeus is required.Paracobitis rhadinaeus je endemski vijun iz Sistanskog slijeva na jugoistoku Irana. Populacija je u opadanju najvjerojatnije zbog gubitka i narušavanja staništa, podizanja brana, isušivanja i potapanja zemljišta. Predlaže se hitna zaštita staništa sa zabranom daljnje regulacije slijeva Hamuni njegovih akumulacijskih jezera. Potrebno je potaknuti kontrolirani mrijest ove vrste te zabraniti ili ograničiti ribolov. Nužna je detaljna studija sadašnjeg stanja populacije, biologije i ekologijevrste P. rhadinaeus

Adult ADHD screening scores and hospitalization due to pedestrian injuries: a case-control study

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adult ADHD screening scores and hospitalization due to pedestrian injuries in a sample of Iranian pedestrians. METHODS: Through a case-control study, a case population of 177 pedestrians injured by the vehicles in road traffic crashes were compared with 177 controls who lacked a record of intentional or unintentional injuries enrolled from various wards of Imam Reza University Hospital which is a specialty teaching hospital located in the same city with similar referral level. The cases and controls had an age range of 18-65 years and were matched on gender and age. ADHD symptom profile was assessed using the Persian Self-report Screening Version of the Conner\u27s Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS-S:SV). The association of ADHD screening score and pedestrian injuries was investigated using multiple binary logistic regression to investigate the independent effect of ADHD index score on belonging to case group. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios were reported. RESULTS: Men comprised 86.4% of the study subjects. The crude odds ratios for all the four ADHD subscales to be associated with pedestrian injuries were 1.05, 1.08, and 1.04 for the subscales A (attention deficit), B (hyperactivity/impulsiveness) and ADHD index respectively. However, the association for subscale A was not statistically significant with a borderline p-value. The final multivariate analysis showed that variables associated with pedestrian injuries in the road traffic crashes were ADHD Index score (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12); economic status (including household income and expenditure capacity); educational level and total walking time per 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: Adult ADHD screening score can predict pedestrian injuries leading to hospitalization independently from sex, age, economic status, educational level and pedestrian exposure to traffic environment (average walking time)

Effect of general health status on chronicity of low back pain in industrial workers

Recognizing patients at a higher risk of developing chronic low back pain (LBP) is important in industrial medicine. This study aimed to assess the power and quality of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) for prediction of the odds of chronicity of acute LBP. This study was conducted on industrial workers. All subjects with acute LBP who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Demographic characteristics, occupational, physical, and mental parameters and the general health status of subjects were evaluated; they were followed up for developing chronic LBP for one year. Cigarette smoking, high body mass index, job stress, physical load and high GHQ scores were found to be the risk factors for the progression of acute LBP to chronic LBP (P0.05). High GHQ score can be a risk factor for progression of acute LBP to chronic LBP. The GHQ in combination with the Job Content Questionnaire can be used as a quick and simple screening tool for detection of subjects at high risk of chronic LBP when evaluating acute LBP in an occupational setting. © 2016 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.

A Pyridyltriazol Functionalized Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework for Selective and Highly Efficient Adsorption of Palladium

[EN] This work reports the synthesis of pyridyltriazol-functionalized UiO-66 (UiO stands for University of Oslo), namely, UiO-66-Pyta, from UiO-66-NH2 through three postsynthetic modification (PSM) steps. The good performance of the material derives from the observation that partial formylation (similar to 21% of -NHCHO groups) of H2BDC-NH2 by DMF, as persistent impurity, takes place during the synthesis of the UiO-66-NH2. Thus, to enhance material performance, first, the as-synthesized UiO-66-NH2 was deformylated to give pure UiO-66-NH2. Subsequently, the pure UiO-66-NH2 was converted to UiO-66-N-3 with a nearly complete conversion (similar to 95%). Finally, the azide-alkyne[3+2]-cycloaddition reaction of 2-ethynylpyridine with the UiO-66-N-3 gave the UiO-66-Pyta. The porous MOF was then applied for the solid-phase extraction of palladium ions from an aqueous medium. Affecting parameters on extraction efficiency of Pd(II) ions were also investigated and optimized. Interestingly, UiO-66-Pyta exhibited selective and superior adsorption capacity for Pd(II) with a maximum sorption capacity of 294.1 mg.g(-1) at acidic pH (4.5). The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 1.9 mu g L-1. The estimated intra- and interday precisions are 3.6 and 1.7%, respectively. Moreover, the adsorbent was regenerated and reused for five cycles without any significant change in the capacity and repeatability. The adsorption mechanism was described based on various techniques such as FT-IR, PXRD, SEM/EDS, ICP-AES, and XPS analyses as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Notably, as a case study, the obtained UiO-66-Pyta after palladium adsorption, UiO-66-Pyta-Pd, was used as an efficient catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this work from the Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Also, financial support by the University of Zabol is gratefully acknowledged (grant nos. 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