A clarification of the Goodwin model of the growth cycle

We show that there is a difficulty in the original Goodwin model which isalso found in some more recent applications. In it both the labour share and theproportion employed can exceed unity, properties which are untenable. However, weshow that the underlying dynamic structure of the model can be reformulated toensure that these variables cannot exceed unity. An illustrative example extends theoriginal model, and we argue it is both plausible and satisfies the necessary unit boxrestrictions. We show that there is a difficulty in the original Goodwin model which isalso found in some more recent applications. In it both the labour share and theproportion employed can exceed unity, properties which are untenable. However, weshow that the underlying dynamic structure of the model can be reformulated toensure that these variables cannot exceed unity. An illustrative example extends theoriginal model, and we argue it is both plausible and satisfies the necessary unit boxrestrictions

Investigation of different patterns of induction of amylases in different cultivars of rice, Oryza sativa L.

This study investigated whether rice exhibits exceptions to the accepted model, in cereals, for the induction of a and P-amylase in the embryo and endosperm during germination. We also tried to establish whether different patterns of induction were cultivar specific, or due to the influence of ripening temperature, or a component of the incubation medium. An isoelectric focusing technique was used to monitor a- and P-amylase activities, a spectrophotometric assay was used to quantify the activity of a-amylase, and two cDNA clones, RAmy3D and RAmylA, were used to measure a-amylase RNA accumulation by Northern analysis. Distinct patterns of induction of a-and P-amylase activity in the embryo and endosperm regions were determined to exist between cultivars, and they were not controlled by either the ripening temperature or a component of the incubation medium. We concluded that the observed differences were cultivar specific

Children of TANF Leavers in Missouri: How Are They Faring?

In 1998, Missouri was one of 14 states chosen by the Department of Health and Human Services to assess the well-being of individuals leaving cash assistance. Approximately 2400 households that left Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in the fourth quarter of 1996 or left Temporary Assistant to Needy Families (TANF) in the fourth quarter of 1997 were interviewed by phone two and one half years later. For households leaving TANF, questions were asked about the physical health, behavior problems, school engagement, and positive behavior of randomly chosen children within the household. If applicable, one young child (0-5) was chosen, as well an older child (6-17), since recent research has found worse outcomes for adolescents than for younger children (Brooks et.al, 2001).This research was funded by the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Department of Health and Human Services (98ASPE300A), and the Missouri Department of Social Services. This work was conducted while the authors were employed at Midwest Research Institute. We are grateful to Rich Koon of the Missouri Department of Social Services for his comments.Includes bibliographical reference

Trends in Food Pantry Use Since Welfare Reform: Evidence from the Kansas City Metropolitan Area

This study uses a unique database to examine the trend in the use of food pantries in the Kansas City metropolitan area from 1997 to 2000. We find a slight increase in the use of food pantry services over this period, less than one percent annually. This is a much smaller increase than has been reported in other studies, but consistent with recent research that uses a series of national cross-sectional household surveys to document changes in food pantry use (Tiehen 2002). In addition to examining trends in food pantry use, this study assesses the effect that accounting for providers who cease operations has on estimates of the change in food pantry use derived from a cross-sectional sample of emergency food providers. We conclude that in the absence of information from exiting agencies, the estimated growth rate can be gravely overstated, at least in terms of the number of services provided.This research was funded by the Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Agreement 433AEM180068.Includes bibliographical reference

Where Do Overweight Children Live?

Overweight status and obesity have increased dramatically among both adults and children in the past two decades (CDC 2003). While these increases have been well-documented, much less is known about how these outcomes vary by place, particularly for children. In this brief, we describe adolescent outcomes at the state level. This brief represents a first step in a larger project that eventually assesses the links between state policies and child health outcomes.Includes bibliographical reference

The Food Safety Net After Welfare Reform: Use of Private and Public Food Assistance in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area

This study uses a unique database of clients of private food providers in the Kansas City metropolitan area to document the use of private food assistance from January 1998 to May 2001. We show that, while the use of private food assistance is widespread in the Kansas City area, the frequency of food pantry use is low compared to food stamp use. One advantage of this database is that private food providers actually document the use of their services, so that it provides more reliable information about frequency and timing of food pantry use than most other studies, which must rely on providers' ability to recall patterns of use over time. We merge the data on clients of private food providers with data from Food Stamp Program administrative records, which allows us to compare use of the two types of food assistance, and examine the interactions between use of the two systems. While it was rare for recipients to receive both services in any given month, many of the same households received both types of food assistance at some time between 1998 and 2001. Almost 60 percent of food pantry recipients also received food stamps at some time during that period. However, this means that roughly 40% of food pantry client households did not receive food stamps during this time period, although their reported incomes suggest that they were eligible. A smaller percent of food stamp households relied on food pantries. Between 1998 and 2001, just over one-third visited a pantry at least once. With regard to timing of services, we find that households that access both systems primarily receive food stamps and food pantry assistance at the same time, or within a few months. This implies that these households are not substituting one form of assistance for the other, but rather accessing multiple types of assistance when necessary.Economic Research Service, Cooperative Agreement, 433AEM180093Includes bibliographical reference

THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SEXUAL VICTIMIZATION AND HEALTH OUTCOMES AMONG LGBQA COLLEGE STUDENTS: EXAMINING THE MODERATING ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT

Sexual victimization is a prevailing public health concern that differentially impacts sexual minority populations (i.e., people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, asexual, or queer) compared with their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts (McCauley et al., 2018). Studies have shown that sexual violence is associated with depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and alcohol use (Aosved et al., 2011; Bedard-Gilligan et al, 2011; Carey et al., 2018) among heterosexual college students. However, we know less about the potential effects of sexual victimization on health outcomes among sexual minority college students. Understanding these relations are especially important because sexual minority college students often experience unique challenges and are at increased risk of sexual victimization in comparison to their counterparts (Cantor et al., 2015; Edwards et al., 2015). Moreover, few studies to date have examined the moderating role of social support in buffering the links between sexual victimization and health outcomes. Guided by the minority stress framework (Meyer, 2003), the current study examined the extent to which sexual victimization influences health outcomes (i.e., depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and alcohol use disorder) among sexual minority college students. Furthermore, we examined whether social support moderated the association between sexual victimization and each health outcome. The current study included 234 students who identified as being part of the Queer community (e.g., Gay, Lesbian, Asexual, and Queer) from a larger university-wide study (i.e., Spit for Science; Dick et al., 2014). The participants in the present study were 18-22 years old (M = 18.46, SD = .412) and majority female (i.e., 74%). Fifty-six percent of the participants self- identified as White, 16% as Black or African American, 13% as Asian, and 15% as American Indian, Latinx, Pacific Islander, or Multiracial. Students provided online self-reports of their sexual victimization experiences (Blake et al., 1990), social support (Hays et al., 1995), depressive symptoms (Derogatis et al., 1973), post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (Weathers et al., 2013) and alcohol use (DSM-V). We used a series of regression models in Mplus v 7.2 (Muthén & Muthén, 1998–2014) to test our research questions, with multiple imputation to handle missing data. Findings indicated that sexual victimization was positively related to depressive symptoms (b = .21, p = .00), post- traumatic stress disorder symptoms (b = .43, p = .00), and alcohol use disorder (b = .45, p = .00). Furthermore, social support significantly moderated the association between sexual victimization and depressive symptoms, however, in a direction contrary to hypotheses. Specifically, greater sexual victimization was associated with greater depressive symptoms among sexual minority college students with higher levels of social support (b = .29, p = .00), and the association was not significant for sexual minority college students with lower levels of social support (b = .13, p = .26; Figure 1). Discussion will center on the detrimental effects of sexual victimization on health outcomes among sexual minority college students, as well as providing potential explanations and future directions for the nuanced ways social support functions in the lives of sexual minority college students.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/gradposters/1079/thumbnail.jp

A Preliminary Evaluation of the Missouri Family Development Training and Credentialing Program (MOFDC)

In this brief, we present preliminary findings from a quantitative evaluation of the Missouri Family Development Training and Credentialing Program (MO FDC). The MO FDC is designed to reorient human service practice to the family support approach. It is part of a growing nationwide movement whose goal is to empower both workers and families, and which recognizes the need for credentialing or certification of direct human service providers (Dean, 1998; Sexton, Lobman, Constans, Snyder, & Ernest 1997). Based on a curriculum developed at Cornell University, Empowerment Skills for Family Workers, 2nd Edition (Forest, 2003), it is in place in 14 other states including: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode Island, and Washington. The FDC is increasingly regarded nationwide as the most comprehensive credentialing program for family support workers.Includes bibliographical reference