Yoga: Sport or Spirituality? : A comparison of practitioners' views and practices at SATS, Norway with yoga literature

Master's thesis Global Studies. VID Specialized University, Stavanger, December 2019In YOGA SUTRAS, Patanjali defines yoga as “yogas chitta vritti nirodhah, Yoga is the restriction of the movement of the mind” (Philosophy of yoga, 2018, p. 80). It is important to understand YOGA SUTRAS starts with this sutra, and perhaps Patanjali offers the whole meaning of yoga within these three words. However, the important thing we want to concentrate on is that Patanjali words are only concentrated on the mind and have nothing at all to do with modern poses of yoga, and it is mostly the yoga of the mind and not the body (Philosophy of yoga, 2018, p. 81). Therefore we should ask where all these difficult poses in modern yoga come from? and where is the place of the mind, spirituality and traditions? Is there any connection between modern physical yoga and the ancient yoga of the mind? In the classical texts, yoga mainly acts as a means to still the mind and support atman individual souls attaining Brahman. However, in the modern era, the word yoga has been given new interpretations. In the Encyclopedia of Religion, Mircea Eliade explains yoga in the following way, “yoga derives from the root yuj, meaning to bind together, hold fast or yoke. Yoga means union; to unite body and mind” (Encyclopedia of Religion, Eliade, entry of Yoga). What is yoga truly for Norwegians? Spirituality, sport or health? The main objective of this research is to go behind the scenes and answer this question. Langøien, in his article on YOGA, CHANGE AND EMBODIED ENLIGHTENMENT asserts that modern yoga in the west has more attention on the body and the physical part, while there are still some connections to the traditional and philosophical part of this path which may impact practitioners’ experience and in turn affects yoga traditions as well. (2012, p. 27). Through this research, I aim to explore the links and relations between the fitness trend side of yoga and its philosophical and religious traditions among practitioners of yoga at SATS.submittedVersionMV 17 S

Dyslipidemia Prevalence in Iranian Adult Men: The Impact of Population-Based Screening on the Detection of Undiagnosed Patients

Purpose: Dyslipidemia has been established as one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Due to the higher prevalence of dyslipidemia in males, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Iranian urban men. Materials and Methods: A screening program was conducted in 845 Iranian men 25 years of age and older in 2014. A health interview survey was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported dyslipidemia and to collect demographic data, as well as serum lipid profile screening by a reference laboratory. Lipoprotein levels was categorized based on the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and the data were analyzed using the chi-square test and analysis of variance. Results: The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 51.8%, and the prevalence of various forms of dyslipidemia was as follows: hypercholesterolemia (>= 240 mg/dL), 11.4%; hyper-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (>= 160 mg/dL), 9.6%; hypertriglyceridemia (>= 200 mg/dL), 25%; and hypo-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (<40 mg/dL), 34.3%. With the exception of hypo-HDL, all forms of dyslipidemia were significantly less common in men over 65 years of age ( p<0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of hypo-HDL and hypertriglyceridemia was higher than expected in Iranian adult men, with half of men 25 years of age and older affected by at least one form of dyslipidemia. A large gap in primary and secondary care was observed, because nearly 80% of patients with dyslipidemia were unaware of their status. Urgent preventive programs and lifestyle changes are necessary to reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors

The prevalence of phantom vibration/ringing syndromes and their related factors in Iranian’ students of medical sciences

Background and aim Mobile phone abuse can cause pathologic stress that may lead to addictive behavior such as Phantom Vibration Syndrome (PVS) and Phantom Ringing Syndrome (PRS). The current study aimed to determine the PVS and PRS due to mobile phone use in students of Qom University of medical Sciences in Iran. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants The participants were 380 students selected by proportional stratified random sampling method in each stratum. Measurements Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistical methods including t-test, chi square and analysis of variance. Findings The prevalence of PVS and PRS due to mobile phones in students of medical sciences was estimated to be 54.3% and 49.3%, respectively. PVS was higher in female students than in males while the PRS was higher in male students. There was a significant relationship between PVS and using social networks such as Viber, WhatsApp, and Line. In addition, a significant association was observed between PVS and friend-finding, chatting and entertainment. Conclusion Studies should be done in the future to assess the long-term complication of overusing mobile phones. In the current study, the prevalence of PVS and PRS in half of students is considerabl

Hemangiopericytoma in a young dog: Evaluation of histopathological and immunohistochemical features

In the present study, we describe a subcutaneous mass between the left flank and hip in a 2-year-old male Great Dane dog. Histopathologically, cells appeared to be spindle shaped around a central capillary together with a fingerprint pattern. Immunohistochemical analysis presented that the neoplastic cells expressed vimentin, but did not stain for S-100 protein. On the basis of histopathology and immunohistochemical findings, the present tumor was diagnosed as canine hemangiopericytoma. Hemangiopericytoma could be considered in differential diagnosis list of any mass in the skin (even in young dogs) and must be identified histopathologically

A systematic approach for modeling of waterflooding process in the presence of geological uncertainties in oil reservoirs

The final publication is available at Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2017.12.012 © 2018. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/In this paper, a systematic approach which is able to consider different types of geological uncertainty is presented to model the waterflooding process. The proposed scheme, which is based on control and system theories, enables the experts to apply suitable techniques to optimize the production. By using the developed methodology, a reasonable mapping between defined system inputs and outputs in frequency domain and around a specific operating point is established. In addition, a nominal model for the process as well as a lumped representation for uncertainty effects are provided. Based on the proposed modeling mechanism, reservoir management goals can be pursued in the presence of uncertainty by utilization of complicated control and optimization strategies. The developed algorithm has been simulated on 10th SPE-model#2. Observed results have shown that the introduced methodology is able to effectively model the dynamics of waterflooding process, while taking into account the assumed induced geological uncertainty

Effects of multiple doses of montmorillonite, alone and in combination with activated charcoal, on the toxicokinetics of a single dose of digoxin in rats

Objective(s): A narrow margin between the therapeutic and toxic doses of digoxin can result in an increased incidence of toxicity.  Since digoxin has an enterohepatic cycle, multiple oral doses of absorbents like montmorillonite may be useful in the treatment of digoxin toxicity.Materials and Methods: In this study, 4 groups of 6 rats received intraperitoneal digoxin (1 mg/kg), and half an hour later, distilled water (DW) or oral adsorbents, including montmorillonite (1 g/kg), activated charcoal (1 g/kg) (AC) alone or in combination in the ratio of 70:30. Half of the mentioned doses were also gavaged at 3 and 5.5 hr after digoxin injection. The serum level of digoxin, biochemical factors, and activity score were assessed during the experiment. Three control groups only received DW, montmorillonite, or AC.Results: All adsorbents were able to significantly decrease the serum level of digoxin compared to the digoxin+DW group (P<0.01). Only montmorillonite reversed the digoxin-induced hyperkalemia (P<0.05). Multiple dose administration of adsorbents also significantly reduced the digoxin area under the curve and half-life and increased digoxin clearance (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the kinetic parameters between groups that received digoxin plus adsorbents.Conclusion: Multiple-dose of montmorillonite reversed digoxin toxicity and reduced serum digoxin levels by increasing the excretion and reducing the half-life. Montmorillonite has also corrected digoxin-induced hyperkalemia.  Based on the findings, a multiple-dose regimen of oral montmorillonite could be a suitable candidate for reducing the toxicity issue associated with drugs like digoxin that undergo some degree of enterohepatic circulation

Yoga: Sport or Spirituality? : A comparison of practitioners' views and practices at SATS, Norway with yoga literature

In YOGA SUTRAS, Patanjali defines yoga as “yogas chitta vritti nirodhah, Yoga is the restriction of the movement of the mind” (Philosophy of yoga, 2018, p. 80). It is important to understand YOGA SUTRAS starts with this sutra, and perhaps Patanjali offers the whole meaning of yoga within these three words. However, the important thing we want to concentrate on is that Patanjali words are only concentrated on the mind and have nothing at all to do with modern poses of yoga, and it is mostly the yoga of the mind and not the body (Philosophy of yoga, 2018, p. 81). Therefore we should ask where all these difficult poses in modern yoga come from? and where is the place of the mind, spirituality and traditions? Is there any connection between modern physical yoga and the ancient yoga of the mind? In the classical texts, yoga mainly acts as a means to still the mind and support atman individual souls attaining Brahman. However, in the modern era, the word yoga has been given new interpretations. In the Encyclopedia of Religion, Mircea Eliade explains yoga in the following way, “yoga derives from the root yuj, meaning to bind together, hold fast or yoke. Yoga means union; to unite body and mind” (Encyclopedia of Religion, Eliade, entry of Yoga). What is yoga truly for Norwegians? Spirituality, sport or health? The main objective of this research is to go behind the scenes and answer this question. Langøien, in his article on YOGA, CHANGE AND EMBODIED ENLIGHTENMENT asserts that modern yoga in the west has more attention on the body and the physical part, while there are still some connections to the traditional and philosophical part of this path which may impact practitioners’ experience and in turn affects yoga traditions as well. (2012, p. 27). Through this research, I aim to explore the links and relations between the fitness trend side of yoga and its philosophical and religious traditions among practitioners of yoga at SATS