Revisiting Glauconite Geochronology: Lessons Learned from In Situ Radiometric Dating of a Glauconite-Rich Cretaceous Shelfal Sequence

The scarcity of well-preserved and directly dateable sedimentary sequences is a major impediment to inferring the Earth’s paleo-environmental evolution. The authigenic mineral glauconite can potentially provide absolute stratigraphic ages for sedimentary sequences and constraints on paleo-depositional conditions. This requires improved approaches for measuring and interpreting glauconite formation ages. Here, glauconite from a Cretaceous shelfal sequence (Langenstein, northern Germany) was characterized using petrographical, geochemical (EMP), andmineralogical (XRD) screening methods before in situ Rb-Sr dating via LA-ICP-MS/MS. The obtained glauconite ages (~101 to 97 Ma) partly overlap with the depositional age of the Langenstein sequence (±3 Ma), but without the expected stratigraphic age progression, which we attribute to detrital and diagenetic illitic phase impurities inside the glauconites. Using a novel age deconvolution approach, which combines the new Rb-Sr dataset with published K-Ar ages, we recalculate the glauconite bulk ages to obtain stratigraphically significant ‘pure’ glauconite ages (~100 to 96 Ma). Thus, our results show that pristine ages can be preserved in mineralogically complex glauconite grains even under burial diagenetic conditions (T < 65 ◦C; <1500 m depth), confirming that glauconite could be a suitable archive for paleo-environmental reconstructions and direct sediment dating.Esther Scheiblhofer, Ulrike Moser, Stefan Löhr, Markus Wilmsen, Juraj Farkaš, Daniela Gallhofer, Alice Matsdotter Bäckström, Thomas Zack, and Andre Balderman

Vorwort und Editorial

Auch wenn (berufs-)bildungspolitische Diskussionen um Gleichwertigkeit, Durchlässigkeit, Anerkennung und aktuell um Verberuflichung des Akademischen und Akademisierung des Beruflichen eine Annäherung allgemeiner und beruflicher Bildung vermuten lassen, ist die Frage nach dem Verhältnis dieser beiden Bildungen nicht eindeutig gelöst. Vielmehr stehen nach wie vor unterschiedliche Positionen nebeneinander. Im folgenden Beitrag geht es weniger um die Frage danach, was beide Bildungen eint, trennt und wie sie miteinander verbunden werden können. Vielmehr soll sich der Frage angenähert werden, von welchen übergreifenden historischen bildungstheoretischen und -politischen Gedanken und Ereignissen beide Bereiche betroffen waren und sind, und wie diese die Verhältnisfrage tangiert und entschieden haben. Unter drei historisch widersprüchlichen Aspekten, von denen sowohl die allgemeine als auch die berufliche Bildung betroffen sind, wird thematisiert, wie diese Widersprüche intern, also im Verhältnis zwischen Allgemeinbildung und Berufsbildung als Idee und allgemeiner und beruflicher Bildung als soziale Realität historisch gelöst wurden. Zu diesen übergreifenden Widersprüchen gehören: Bildung für alle und die soziale Portionierung von Bildung, Allseitigkeit von Bildung und Halbbildung und allgemeine Nützlichkeit von Bildung und Ökonomisierung. Die Frage, die mit diesem Beitrag angestoßen werden soll, ist, wie über Bildung übergreifend nachgedacht werden kann, damit allgemeine und berufliche Bildung nicht mehr gegeneinander ausgespielt werden und ohne Ungleichwertigkeiten ineinanderfließen, sich abgrenzen und ergänzen können

Responsabilidade social corporativa na cadeia de suprimentos de petróleo e gás natural: o caso dos fornecedores da Petrobras

This research aims to analyze the influence of social responsibility criteria on the management of second-tier suppliers in the Petrobras’ supply chain. In this article, we considered as social responsibility criteria actions in health, environment and safety (HES) and management used by Petrobras in supplier selection. The research is a qualitative study of multiple cases, and the units of analysis are the companies Alpha, Beta and Gamma. The main results indicate that, in the aspect of social responsibility, Petrobras influences the companies studied differently. It can be seen that the Petrobras’ criteria for HSE and managerial influence superficially management practices of suppliers in business research. Companies Alpha and Beta have a coercive isomorphic behavior, while Gamma has no framework in the isomorphic categories because its performance was developed independent from the relationship with Petrobras. Finally, it is believed that if Petrobras intended to disseminate the practices present in its criteria for HES and management along the supply chain, this public firm needs to reconsider its selection process on issues aimed at improving the scope of the requirements in addition to how it directs the propagation of these guides along the supply chain.Keywords: Supply Chain Management, social responsibility, isomorphism.A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a influência dos critérios de responsabilidade social na gestão de fornecedores de segunda camada da cadeia de suprimentos da Petrobras. Consideram- se como critérios de responsabilidade social os critérios de SMS e Gerencial, utilizados pela Petrobras na seleção de fornecedores. A pesquisa é um estudo qualitativo de múltiplos casos, tendo como unidades de análise as empresas Alfa, Beta e Gama. Os principais resultados indicam que, no aspecto da responsabilidade social, a Petrobras influencia de forma diferente as empresas pesquisadas. Percebe-se que os critérios de SMS e Gerencial da Petrobras influenciam de forma superficial as práticas de gerenciamento de fornecedores nas empresas da pesquisa. As empresas Alfa e Beta apresentam um comportamento isomórfico coercitivo, enquanto a empresa Gama não apresenta enquadramento nas categorias isomórficas, pois sua atuação foi desenvolvida de forma independente ao relacionamento com a Petrobras. Por fim, acredita-se que, se há na Petrobras a intenção de disseminar as práticas presentes em seus critérios de SMS e Gerencial ao longo da cadeia de fornecedores, a estatal precisa reavaliar seu processo de seleção em questões voltadas ao aprimoramento do escopo dos requisitos, além da forma como orienta a propagação desses ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos.Palavras-chave: Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos, responsabilidade social, isomorfismo

Acute and chronic histopathological findings in renal biopsies in COVID-19

The dominant ICU admission diagnosis of COVID-19 patients is respiratory insufficiency, but 32–57% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients develop acute kidney injury (COVID-AKI). The renal histopathological changes accompanying COVID-AKI are not yet fully described. To obtain a detailed insight into renal histopathological features of COVID-19, we conducted a review including all studies reporting histopathological findings of diagnostic and postmortem kidney biopsies from patients with COVID-19 published between January 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021. A total of 89 diagnostic and 194 postmortem renal biopsies from individual patients in 39 published studies were investigated and were included in the analysis. In the diagnostic biopsy group, mean age was 56 years and AKI incidence was 96%. In the postmortem biopsy group, mean age was 69 years and AKI incidence was 80%. In the diagnostic biopsy group, the prevalence of acute glomerular diseases was 74%. The most common glomerular lesions were collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (c-FSGS) in 54% and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in 9% of patients. TMA was also found in 10% of patients in the postmortem biopsy group. The most common acute tubular lesions was acute tubular necrosis (ATN) which was present in 87% of patients in the diagnostic and in 77% of patients in the postmortem biopsy group. Additionally, we observed a high prevalence of preexisting chronic lesions in both groups such as atherosclerosis and glomerulosclerosis. Histopathological changes in renal biopsies of COVID-19 patients show a heterogeneous picture with acute glomerular lesions, predominantly c-FSGS and TMA, and acute tubular lesions, predominantly ATN. In many patients, these lesions were present on a background of chronic renal injury. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10238-022-00941-x

Comparison of renal histopathology and gene expression profiles between severe COVID-19 and bacterial sepsis in critically ill patients

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms driving acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill COVID-19 patients are unclear. We collected kidney biopsies from COVID-19 AKI patients within 30 min after death in order to examine the histopathology and perform mRNA expression analysis of genes associated with renal injury. METHODS: This study involved histopathology and mRNA analyses of postmortem kidney biopsies collected from patients with COVID-19 (n = 6) and bacterial sepsis (n = 27). Normal control renal tissue was obtained from patients undergoing total nephrectomy (n = 12). The mean length of ICU admission-to-biopsy was 30 days for COVID-19 and 3–4 days for bacterial sepsis patients. RESULTS: We did not detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in kidney biopsies from COVID-19-AKI patients yet lung tissue from the same patients was PCR positive. Extensive acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and peritubular thrombi were distinct histopathology features of COVID-19-AKI compared to bacterial sepsis-AKI. ACE2 mRNA levels in both COVID-19 (fold change 0.42, p = 0.0002) and bacterial sepsis patients (fold change 0.24, p < 0.0001) were low compared to control. The mRNA levels of injury markers NGAL and KIM-1 were unaltered compared to control tissue but increased in sepsis-AKI patients. Markers for inflammation and endothelial activation were unaltered in COVID-19 suggesting a lack of renal inflammation. Renal mRNA levels of endothelial integrity markers CD31, PV-1 and VE-Cadherin did not differ from control individuals yet were increased in bacterial sepsis patients (CD31 fold change 2.3, p = 0.0006, PV-1 fold change 1.5, p = 0.008). Angiopoietin-1 mRNA levels were downregulated in renal tissue from both COVID-19 (fold change 0.27, p < 0.0001) and bacterial sepsis patients (fold change 0.67, p < 0.0001) compared to controls. Moreover, low Tie2 mRNA expression (fold change 0.33, p = 0.037) and a disturbed VEGFR2/VEGFR3 ratio (fold change 0.09, p < 0.0001) suggest decreased microvascular flow in COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: In a small cohort of postmortem kidney biopsies from COVID-19 patients, we observed distinct histopathological and gene expression profiles between COVID-19-AKI and bacterial sepsis-AKI. COVID-19 was associated with more severe ATN and microvascular thrombosis coupled with decreased microvascular flow, yet minimal inflammation. Further studies are required to determine whether these observations are a result of true pathophysiological differences or related to the timing of biopsy after disease onset. [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13054-021-03631-4

AVALIAÇÃO DA ADESÃO A TERAPIA ANTIRRETROVIRAL PARA INFECÇÃO PELO HIV: FATORES RELACIONADOS

Introdução: a adesão é considerada um dos maiores desafios durante aterapia antirretroviral, pois envolve fatores relacionados ao paciente e aosistema de saúde. O sucesso do tratamento tem influência direta nos níveisde adesão. Objetivo: analisar os fatores relacionados a adesão a terapiaantirretroviral para o HIV. Método: Trata-se de uma nota prévia, de umestudo com delineamento transversal, fundamentado na abordagemquantitativa. O presente estudo será realizado no município de São Migueldo Oeste/Santa Catarina (SC), tendo como campo de estudo o serviço deinfectologia da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. A população da pesquisaserá composta de 200 pessoas com a infecção pelo HIV, a seleção serárealizada por conveniência. A coleta de dados acontecerá no período deagosto a outubro de 2016. Será utilizado um instrumento composto por:Questionário de caracterização da população do estudo; Questionário paraavaliação da adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral em pessoas com ainfecção pelo HIV (CEAT-VIH) (desfecho); Escala de avaliação da qualidadede vida (WHOQOL-bref); Inventário de Depressão de Beck; Escala dedesesperança de Beck (BHS); Escala de Resiliência para Adultos (REA); Escalade expectativa de auto eficácia ao tratamento antirretroviral (EA). Serãorealizadas análise bivariada e de correlação por meio do programa SPSS.Resultados Esperados: espera-as identificar os fatores que interferem naadesão para assim, propor estratégias que venham contribuir na assistênciados pacientes que realizam o tratamento antirretroviral.Palavras-chave - Saúde do adulto. Adesão à medicação. HIV. Síndrome daImunodeficiência Adquirida. Enfermagem