Stéréotypie, variants et invariants dans la traduction lexicographique des proverbes

La traduction des énoncés proverbiaux est souvent étudiée en rapport avec les écarts culturels entre les univers linguistiques. Or, la pluralité des équivalents d’un même proverbe dans les dictionnaires bilingues offre une occasion exceptionnelle pour analyser les variants et les invariants des représentations stéréotypiques associées à un tel énoncé à partir de la diversité actancielle et structurelle des équivalents qui lui sont relatifs. Ce regard pluriel de l’extérieur permettrait également de mieux saisir les enjeux de l’articulation entre la structure discursive et la structure logique du proverbe.The translation of the proverbial statement is often examined in terms of the cultural distance between the linguistic universes. However, the various equivalents of the same proverb in bilingual dictionaries offer an exceptional opportunity to analyze variants and invariants of the stereotypic representations of the given statement based on the “actancial” and structural variety of its equivalents. These alternative perspectives allow for a clearer understanding of the interplay between the proverb’s discursive structure and its logical structure

Vandalism in Urban-Housing Developments

The following study will be divided mainly into four parts which are complementary to each other. The four parts will enable us to go steadily in the study of the problem of vandalism, making it as simple as possible to understand, and finally to identify the possible ways to reduce and control its proneness into the urban environment. The first part which consists in Chapter One and Two will look at the 'phenomenon' of vandalism from different sides, trying by that to have a brief and clear idea about its extent in meaning words and acts, and trying to find what kind of relationship exists between man/environment. The second part is Chapter Three, and which is the direct consequence of part one. In this Chapter we try to surround the problem, and focusing our study on the two main components of the problem: Man/Environment. In this matter we will take the urban environment as a field of study and especially housing developments. Using some example studies, we will try to analyse the approach of certain contributors to the question of vandalism, and what are the possible alternatives to use in controlling or reducing it. The third part which consists in Chapter Four will look at the different measures deriving from the study of the previous part of work and examples; aiming to reduce or help to control vandalism in urban environment in general and housing development in particular. The fourth and last part, consists in Chapter Five and the 'heart' of this dissertation. It aims to a research study carried out, on two existing cases which are suffering from the problem of vandalism, and to put some solutions or possible alternatives down, according to the problems identified there. This part relies very much on the analysis of the whole thesis. Finally, we will end our dissertation by setting up some universal design guides and social recommendations as a direct product from the study of this last section and the preceding chapters

Improving the Results of Google Scholar Engine through Automatic Query Expansion Mechanism and Pseudo Re-ranking using MVRA

In this paper, we address the enhancing of Google Scholar engine, in the context of text retrieval, through two mechanisms related to the interrogation protocol of that query expansion and reformulation. The both schemes are applied with re-ranking results using a pseudo relevance feedback algorithm that we have proposed previously in the context of Content based Image Retrieval (CBIR) namely Majority Voting Re-ranking Algorithm (MVRA). The experiments conducted using ten queries reveal very promising results in terms of effectiveness

Visa and Passport Expiry Reminder System

The University Utara Malaysia aspires to be a management university that is a paragon of efficiency and of world class level. In reaching this goal, UUM has opened its door to welcome a large number of international students, to the date this article is written, there are approximately 2000 international students in UUM. The large number of international students results in problem of the student visa renewal. It is not an easy task for the Unit of International Affairs to manage all the student visa renewal. Thus, this research proposes a development of a system that will remind students on the visa and passport expiry when the date is almost due. By sending SMS and emails, this system can reminder the international students to renew their visa. The development of this system is hoped to enhance the students' visa and passport management by the Unit of International Affairs of UUM

Differentiation Between Natural and Commercial Bee Venoms Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Honey bee venom (HBV, A. m. scutellata) contains polypeptides [melittin, mast cell degranulating peptide (MCD), adolapin and apamin] and enzymes.The aim of the present study was to differentiate between commercial and natural bee venoms using aqueous olive leaf extract (AOLE) employing fluorescence techniques. Tryptophan mainly responsible for the fluorescence and hence widely used as a tool to monitor conformational changes in proteins. Changes in the fluorescence intensities with blue shifts were obtained with bee venoms. Binding of AOLE constituents near the active site of the enzyme could be evidenced and possible modes of interaction are discussed. The fluorescence method used was rapid and sensitive and was able to differentiate between commercial and natural bee venoms utilizing AOLE

The collection and disposal of urban refuse within the Jeddah municipal area

The work comprises a case study and evaluation of the contractual procedures and management techniques attending the disposal of urban waste in a well endowed and rapidly expanding municipality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The work is in six parts. The first part traces the evolution of Jeddah as a point on the South North Caravan route across Arabia and its importance as the gateway to the Holy Cities of Mecca and Madina. The second part outlines the development of cleaning services in the national context, and the evolution of cleaning services in Jeddah. The third part offers a detailed description of the operational aspects of the first comprehensive cleaning contract for the City of Jeddah, and the performance specification that accompanied it. The fourth part outlines the computer mapping system established by the contractor on which the annual costing of the cleansing operation could be based. It also describes how this system was used by the Municipality in updating planning information. The fifth part analyse the different aspects of the cleaning contract, evaluates the performance of the contractor during the first five years contract, and attempts to identify the optimum way of spending money in order to provide the required service at an acceptable level of cost. Having analysed and compared the various aspects of the collection and disposal of waste in Jeddah, the writer in the sixth part concludes that Jeddah has gained many financial, administrative and environmental advantages by awarding the city cleaning operations to a private contractor through a competitive tendering process. The writer also demonstrates that the contractor's urban data base, if continually updated, could further assist the development control procedures and urban planning techniques of the Jeddah Municipality

Automatic Organization of E-Mail Application Using Intelligent Agents

Email is one of the best things about the internet. Email is an effective tool, it allows any individual to communicate with his family and friends all over the world and learn about online support a group. E-mail has become the way for much of the world's correspondence. These benefits become problems when the volume of use becomes very large. Sometimes a person can review so many emails daily, so how can he organize incoming emails to highlights the email that is important Hence, this study proposes automatic organize e-mails application using of Intelligent Agents (IA) for categorization and managing received e-mails

Modelling cultural dimensions and social relationships to create cultural synthetic characters

The work presented in this thesis investigates studies and theories of culture, social power and the relationship between culture and emotion studied by psychologists and anthropology. We operationalised a Cultural Dimension model, proposed by Hofstede, and Social Power and integrated them into an already existing architecture for autonomous agents called “FAtiMA”. The purpose of the adapted system is to generate culturally-specific behaviour in character interaction which is recognisably different to users. Two different experiments, with human participants, were conducted to investigate the perceived differences between two different groups of characters: with and without cultural parameters. The main result shows that users do recognise the differences in character behaviour between the two experimental cases, which demonstrates that our model is able to create culturally-specific synthetic characters