Wearable and Stretchable Strain Sensors: Materials, Sensing Mechanisms, and Applications

Recent advances in the design and implementation of wearable resistive, capacitive, and optical strain sensors are summarized herein. Wearable and stretchable strain sensors have received extensive research interest due to their applications in personalized healthcare, human motion detection, human–machine interfaces, soft robotics, and beyond. The disconnection of overlapped nanomaterials, reversible opening/closing of microcracks in sensing films, and alteration of the tunneling resistance have been successfully adopted to develop high-performance resistive-type sensors. On the other hand, the sensing behavior of capacitive-type and optical strain sensors is largely governed by their geometrical changes under stretching/releasing cycles. The sensor design parameters, including stretchability, sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis, and dynamic durability, are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the promising applications of wearable strain sensors are highlighted in detail. Although considerable progress has been made so far, wearable strain sensors are still in their prototype stage, and several challenges in the manufacturing of integrated and multifunctional strain sensors should be yet tackled

Extensive Hematoma in a Patient with HereditaryHypersegmentation of Neutrophils

 Erratum: The correct affiliation of corresponding author of this manuscript has been edited as follows:"Akbar Dorgalaleh: Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."Hypercoagulable states are a group of conditions associated with an enhanced tendency toward blood clotting. Although usual clinical manifestations of hypercoagulable states are thrombotic events such as deep venous thrombosis, hematoma can also occurs as a result of hypercoagulability in some patients. Several inherited or acquired conditions may lead to hypercoagulable states. Some of them include myeloproliferative syndromes, over activity of coagulation factors and methyltetrahydrofolateee reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms. MTHFR is required for convertingthe amino acid   homocysteine to methionine. Another significant role of an aptly functioning MTHFR enzyme is nucleic acid biosynthesis. Therefore MTHFR polymorphisms are expected to be associated with hypersegmentation of neutrophils because of a defect in DNA metabolism. Neutrophil hypersegmentation is one of the most sensitive haematological features of cobalamin or folate deficiency with normal serum vitamin B12-folic acid and iron levels. Hypersegmentation of neutrophils and hematoma which  both of them suspected to be  due to gene variations of MTHFR. Here we report a 37 years old female who simultaneously affected by hereditary hypersegmentation and extensive hematoma. Laboratory analysis revealed normal serum vitamin B12, folic acid and iron levels. Routine and specific coagulation tests were normal in except of factor VIIIc that was high. Results of complete blood cell count (CBC) test were normal. Although this is just an idea, but simultaneous presentations of these two conditions can have a common origin

Subway station seismic consideration based on geotechnical study: a case study approach

Iran is a vast country with 1.6 million square kilometer area and more than 70 million inhabitants. Tehran, the capital of Iran, together with its satellite townships is home to more than one sixth of the country's population which make over 13 million, and mostly make motorized daily journeys. This work is based on the case study geotechnical investigation of a metro station in Tehran. The access gallery and tunnel inter-section problem is very sensitive and dangerous in critical zones and the necessity of the provision of tunnel lining has been discussed in this paper. This study is a concise case study which highlights the important soil parameters for designing of deep and shallow tunnels and substations. It shows the critical area for performance of tunnel intersection of and access galleries and the method to avoid collapse of the tunnel and access galleries while tunneling with a high safety. If boring of the access gallery and tunnel station, is made at the same time or the boring of the access gallery is carried out before the tunneling lining, the tunnel will be overburdened with loads leading to weakening of the access galleries crown, and its immediate collapse. One of the objectives of this paper is defining the seismic modeling of tunnel. Specifying the differences in seismic modeling using two softwares, PLAXIS and FLAC is another aim of this paper

Identification of WSSV, TSV & IHHNV in wild and cultured shrimps and crustaceans in Khuzestan province - Abadan and investigation of its pathogenicity

According to the white spot disease during 2002 until 2005 and the damages caused by the disease to the farmers a new species L.vannamei were introduced to the farming region of Abadan Choebdeh from 2006. Hight mortality occurred in Khuzestan province farms in 2007 and 2008 again. Probably viral agent was transferred to native shrimps or other aquatic animals, therefore it is very important that presence of viruses in local aquatic animals and its vectors detected. Detection of WSSV, TSVand IHHNV in aquatic animal from Khuzestan costal region imphasis to wild shrimp and craps is the main objectives of this study. So samples were taken from 10 active farms twice a week and 100 postlarves from 3 active breeding center befor stocking. Samples for viral detection were studied by molecular and histopathology asseys. Results was shown presence of the White spot virus in cultured and wild shrimp and TSV infection in only two cultured shrimps but there was negative result for IHHN virus. To study the pathogenesis of white spot virus isolated from wild and farmed shrimps, exposure method was used. Results of challenge showed that WSSV can be transmited from diseased cultured and wild shrimp to cultured shrimp. Mean mortality percent in the treatment that fed with infected wild shrimp was 38.33±10.4 and treatment that fed with infected cultured shrimp 61.66±7.63 and in the positive control treatment was 87.5±3.5

Efficient Determination of Mometasone by Derivatization Method Using UV-VIS Spectrophotometer: Efficient Determination of Mometasone by Derivatization Method Using UV-VIS Spectrophotometer

Mometasone furoate is a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects, used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, asthma, and dermatoses. In this study, a spectrophotometric method, as a selective and sensitive method, was developed for the determination of mometasone furoate after derivatization. For this purpose, mometasone was first reacted with sodium cyanide to prepare the drug derivatives. After that, the effects of different variables such as reaction solvent, concentration of the reagents, pH, and reaction time were studied. The final results showed that the determination method was linear in the range of 2-18 μg/ml. It seems that after 24 hours, the reaction was complete. The reaction product was characterized by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, and the accuracy and precision of the developed method were also studied. At last, the method was checked on Mometasone Ointment (0.1%), and the results were compared with the results of the HPLC method as a standard method

Urban rail network connectivity in locating transfer stations: a case study of Tehran urban railway

Public transport connectivity is defined as the ability to provide service to a maximum of trips through the optimal integration of lines, schedules, fare systems, information systems and modal transport facilities. Main interchange and big transfer stations are important factors in network connectivity. One of the objectives of this paper is defining the various types of interchange and transfer stations. Specifying the differences between these two is another aim of this paper. Finally, the process of locating interchange and transfer stations is discussed as the most important factor in network connectivity. Case study of Tehran urban rail network and the location of interchange and transfer stations is presented as an example of rail network connectivity