Resistance of Bifidobacterium sp. Isolated from Iranian Subjects to Simulated Gastric Juice and Bile Salt

Abstract: Introduction: Bifidobacteria are one of the most important probiotic bacteria and their benefits have been known since many years ago. Probiotic organisms are required to be safe, viable and metabolically active within the gastrointestinal tract and to show enough resistance against bile and gastric juice. Methods: In this research, the ability of growth and survival of 42 strains, isolated from Iranian subjects, were studied in MRS3 containing 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2% of bile salts and simulated gastric juice with pH 3. The cultured strains were incubated under anaerobic condition and at 37°C for 48 h and then the survival/growth rates were examined at 3, 6, 12 and 24 hrs. Results: The results demonstrated that some strains had significantly high tolerance against bile salts and simulated gastric juice. Conclusion: The strains with high tolerance are suggested as Iranian strains for future work especially in preparing Iranian starter and bifidus products. Keywords: Bifidobacteria, Iranian strains, Bile, Simulated gastric juice, Resistance, Surviva

The Formation of the Intermetallic-Containing Pd2Sn Alloy: The Creation of the Isolated Adsorption Sites

In the current study, tin-promoted Pd / MWNTs synthesized via polyol process were developed. TEM images evidences resulted in the formation of highly-dispersed Pd-Sn nanoparticles. The formation of Pd2Sn structural phase was confirmed by XRD and TPR techniques, composed mainly of intermetallic spe-cies, supported by XPS results. In this research, we applied intermetallic-containing tin-promoted catalysts for the selective hydrogenation reaction of acetylene as the case study. The presence of a discontinuity in the Arrhenius plots could come from the kinetic factor as a result of change in acetylene coverage on Pd metallic ensembles. The intermetallic-containing assembled catalysts led to the good management of cata-lytic performance due to the creation of isolated adsorption sites on the catalyst surface, resulting in the higher ethylene selectivity. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3521

The Role of Pore Structure of SMFs-based Pd Nanocatalysts in Deactivation Behavioral Pattern Upon Acetylene Hydrogenation Reaction

In this research, SMFs panels were applied for further deposition of CNFs, ZnO and Al2O3 to hydro-genate selectively acetylene to ethylene. To understand the role of different structures of the examined supports, the characterization methods of SEM, ASAP, NH3-TPD and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms were used. Following the characterization of green oil by FTIR, the presence of more unsaturated constitu-ents and then, more branched hydrocarbons formed upon the reaction over alumina-supported catalyst in comparison with the ones supported on CNFs and ZnO was confirmed, which in turn, could block the pores mouths. Besides the limited hydrogen transfer, the lowest pore diameters of Al2O3 / SMFs close to the sur-face, supported by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms could explain the fast deactivation of this catalyst, compared to the other ones. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3521

The investigation of co2 effect on the characteristics of methane diffusion flame

Investigating the effect of mixing carbon dioxide with CH4 has been in attention of many researchers. This is because alternative fuels such as bio syngas have high concentrations of carbon dioxide. However, biogas and bio syngas are produced from various sources and as a result the amount of methane with carbon dioxide varies depending on the production source. As a consequence combustion characteristics of these fuels vary and also tend to be less known with respect to that of natural gas. To have a better design for non-fossil fuel combustion system, a wider examination is required to understand the effect on the combustion properties by mixing carbon dioxide with methane. Image processing is utilised in this study to investigate the flame properties by digitally analysing the flame chemiluminescence emission. The images are captured by a high speed colour camera, which is able to record and monitor the spatial and temporal changes in flame chemiluminescence when adding different amounts of carbon dioxide to methane from the moment of ignition to any specific time during combustion. Results confirmed that by increasing carbon dioxide level, the flame temperature and soot level are reduced and the flame height is getting longer. On the other hand it has been qualitatively observed that the ignition time is increased. Also, the presence of soot that only emits infrared light is observed during the ignition period. Through digital image processing more quantitative analysis are carried out.Papers presented to the 12th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Costa de Sol, Spain on 11-13 July 2016

The investigation of CO2 effect on the characteristics of a methane diffusion flame

Image processing is used to investigate the effect of mixing carbon dioxide with methane on flame properties by digitally analysing the flame chemiluminescence emission. The images are captured by a high speed colour camera, which is able to record and monitor the spatial and temporal changes in flame chemiluminescence when adding different amounts of carbon dioxide to methane from the moment of ignition to any specific time during combustion. Results confirmed that by increasing carbon dioxide, the flame temperature and soot level are reduced and the flame height is getting longer. On the other hand it has been qualitatively observed that the ignition time is increased. Also, the presence of soot that only emits infrared light is observed during the ignition period. The average value of B/G ratio is calculated through digital image processing. It is found that B/G ratio increases by adding more CO 2

Pruning Edge Research with Latency Shears

Edge computing has gained attention from both academia and industry by pursuing two significant challenges: 1) moving latency critical services closer to the users, 2) saving network bandwidth by aggregating large flows before sending them to the cloud. While the rationale appeared sound at its inception almost a decade ago, several current trends are impacting it. Clouds have spread geographically reducing end-user latency, mobile phones? computing capabilities are improving, and network bandwidth at the core keeps increasing. In this paper, we scrutinize edge computing, examining its outlook and future in the context of these trends. We perform extensive client-to-cloud measurements using RIPE Atlas, and show that latency reduction as motivation for edge is not as persuasive as once believed; for most applications the cloud is already 'close enough' for majority of the world's population. This implies that edge computing may only be applicable for certain application niches, as opposed to a general-purpose solution.Peer reviewe

c-Crk proto-oncogene contributes to transcriptional repression of p120-catenin in non-small cell lung cancer cells

As a member of adherens junction, p120-catenin (p120ctn) plays a major role in cell adhesions through stabilization of E-cadherin. p120ctn is transcriptionally down-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although the molecular mechanisms underlying p120ctn repression are incompletely defined. Here we further investigated transcriptional regulation of p120ctn in NSCLC. We prepared a promoter reporter plasmid construct that contained p120ctn promoter region from position −1082 to +320 relative to transcription start site. Through serial deletion mutation analysis of the p120ctn promoter, we pinpointed cis-acting elements involved in regulation of p120ctn. We identified transcription factor SP1 as a transcriptional repressor of p120ctn that directly binds to segment (−9 to +36) of the p120ctn promoter. SP1 can receive multiple signals from several intracellular signaling pathways. Through examination of SP1 binding partners, we identified proto-oncogene c-Crk to be involved in transcriptional down-regulation of p120ctn. RNAi mediated silencing of CRK in A549, H157 and H358 cells increased p120ctn protein levels. On the other hand, over-expression of CRK-I and CRK-II in NSCLC cells down-regulated p120ctn, an effect that was abrogated by simultaneous silencing of SP1. In summary, our data provide evidence for the role of c-Crk proto-oncogene in transcriptional repression of p120ctn that further clarifies the mechanism by which this biochemical signal promotes metastasis in NSCLC

Detection of splice junctions from paired-end RNA-seq data by SpliceMap

Alternative splicing is a prevalent post-transcriptional process, which is not only important to normal cellular function but is also involved in human diseases. The newly developed second generation sequencing technique provides high-throughput data (RNA-seq data) to study alternative splicing events in different types of cells. Here, we present a computational method, SpliceMap, to detect splice junctions from RNA-seq data. This method does not depend on any existing annotation of gene structures and is capable of finding novel splice junctions with high sensitivity and specificity. It can handle long reads (50–100 nt) and can exploit paired-read information to improve mapping accuracy. Several parameters are included in the output to indicate the reliability of the predicted junction and help filter out false predictions. We applied SpliceMap to analyze 23 million paired 50-nt reads from human brain tissue. The results show at this depth of sequencing, RNA-seq can support reliable detection of splice junctions except for those that are present at very low level. Compared to current methods, SpliceMap can achieve 12% higher sensitivity without sacrificing specificity