Making visible an invisible trade : exploring the everyday experiences of doing social work and being a social worker

This article demonstrates that making art in conjunction with story-telling is a method which can elucidate the everyday working practices of social work practitioners. To date, the relationship between art and social workers has rarely been noted, in part because visual studies have not attended to lived experiences of social workers. In this paper, we draw on an empirical study undertaken in England which invited social workers to use art to tell their stories of being a social worker and doing social work. Their artefacts produced powerful visual and aural accounts of practice. They were displayed at the People’s History Museum, in the first social work exhibition of this kind, making visible to members of the public the hidden, lesser known and understood aspects of practice. In this paper, we demonstrate how particular social work structures can rupture relationships between social workers and the families they work with. In doing so, we build on the sociology of art, work and interaction by showing how visual narratives can challenge, and sometimes alter, previously held assumptions and beliefs

The story of the nearest relative : shifts in footing in dramaturgical replayings

The utility of Goffman’s thinking about conversational interaction to illuminate features of a research interview between one of the two authors (LM) and a fellow social work professional is assessed. We use this case to explore aspects of Goffman’s contribution to the sociological understanding of spoken interaction. While many of his ideas offer rich sources of guidance for interactionist and qualitative researchers, the value of Goffman’s (1974) concept of “dramaturgical replaying” has been overlooked. We trace the leading themes of Goffman’s thinking about conversational interaction and show how they can provide for an analysis of the story of the “Nearest Relative” that is attentive to its live, improvised enactment. Goffman’s approach to storytelling is shown to be distinct from but complementary to conversation analytic approaches to storytelling

Quartering Species: The Living Constitution, the Third Amendment, and the Endangered Species Act

The authors argue that the fundamental flaw in the Endangered Species Act (ESA) is that it fails to force government decision makers to consider the opportunity cost of their actions, resulting in flawed decision making that imposes heavy costs on landowners without actually protecting endangered species. The authors develop this analysis through an examination of the ESA in light of the modern living Constitution theory of interpretation. They conclude that under this theory the ESA\u27s quartering of species on private land violates the Third Amendment\u27s ban on quartering soldiers

Quartering Species: The Living Constitution, the Third Amendment, and the Endangered Species Act

The authors argue that the fundamental flaw in the Endangered Species Act (ESA) is that it fails to force government decision makers to consider the opportunity cost of their actions, resulting in flawed decision making that imposes heavy costs on landowners without actually protecting endangered species. The authors develop this analysis through an examination of the ESA in light of the modern living Constitution theory of interpretation. They conclude that under this theory the ESA\u27s quartering of species on private land violates the Third Amendment\u27s ban on quartering soldiers

Principles for Water

Water issues are often contentious. How much water can one individual use? What must the water quality of water returned from use be? How much water must be allocated to uses such as maintaining sufficient instream flows for aquatic species? For the last century, the United States has largely such answered questions through command and control regulatory schemes rather than through markets and common law dispute resolution processes. The choice of regulation by institutions over other mechanisms has meant a reliance on centralized decisionmaking and a rejection of both the market\u27s more decentralized institutions and the common law. Recently, water market proposals have become a significant part of the debate over how to resolve competing claims on water. In addition to the United States, active water markets are present in Chile and Australia. Spain, France, and Great Britain are also considering market oriented water policies. Water markets create incentives for conservation by offering water rights holders the potential to sell the water they conserve. Markets also facilitate reallocation of water to alternative uses. Many fear, however, that water markets will harm environmental quality and some countries have incorporated restrictions on market transfers with the purpose of protecting the environment. Such restrictions hamper the development of markets by increasing the cost of trading thereby limiting the potential to improve the efficiency of water allocation or encourage conservation. In this Article we propose a set of principles to guide policy makers as they consider water law reform measures. In Part II, we describe a set of principles for water law reform. In Part III, we evaluate existing institutions based on these principles. Part IV concludes the Paper with an agenda for reform

Principles for Water

Water issues are often contentious. How much water can one individual use? What must the water quality of water returned from use be? How much water must be allocated to uses such as maintaining sufficient instream flows for aquatic species? For the last century, the United States has largely such answered questions through command and control regulatory schemes rather than through markets and common law dispute resolution processes. The choice of regulation by institutions over other mechanisms has meant a reliance on centralized decisionmaking and a rejection of both the market\u27s more decentralized institutions and the common law. Recently, water market proposals have become a significant part of the debate over how to resolve competing claims on water. In addition to the United States, active water markets are present in Chile and Australia. Spain, France, and Great Britain are also considering market oriented water policies. Water markets create incentives for conservation by offering water rights holders the potential to sell the water they conserve. Markets also facilitate reallocation of water to alternative uses. Many fear, however, that water markets will harm environmental quality and some countries have incorporated restrictions on market transfers with the purpose of protecting the environment. Such restrictions hamper the development of markets by increasing the cost of trading thereby limiting the potential to improve the efficiency of water allocation or encourage conservation. In this Article we propose a set of principles to guide policy makers as they consider water law reform measures. In Part II, we describe a set of principles for water law reform. In Part III, we evaluate existing institutions based on these principles. Part IV concludes the Paper with an agenda for reform

Quantitative trait loci for seminal root angle and number in the maize IBM population

Abstract only availableIn maize, seminal roots develop and the primary root system deteriorates as the plant matures. The seminal roots comprise the majority of the root system of the adult plant and give the plant stability against lodging. Because seminal roots are the primary means of water uptake in the adult plant, their development under drought conditions is vital. Previous research has suggested that seminal root angle and abscisic acid (ABA) level are correlated in maize. Additional research has shown that ABA levels are related to drought tolerance. This study focuses on identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect seminal root angle and the number of seminal roots entering the soil from each node. The QTL generated for seminal root angle and number per node can then be used to evaluate the relationship with drought tolerance. A set of 94 mapping lines from the intermated B73 x Mo17 (IBM) mapping population was used to measure the angle between the seminal root and the stalk. The number of seminal roots entering the soil from the first two nodes was measured as well. Molecular markers evenly distributed throughout the genome were used to run the QTL analysis using QTL Cartographer Version 1.16. The following QTL analyses were run: seminal root angle, number of roots entering soil from the first node above ground, and number of roots entering soil from the second node. Three QTL were found for seminal root angle, two QTL for the number of roots at the first node above ground, and three QTL for the number of roots at the second node above ground. These QTL positions were then compared to previously known QTL for drought tolerance and root traits.Plant Genomics Internship @ M

Host proteins used in HIV assembly and budding

Abstract only availableHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus responsible for the AIDS pandemic, uses host cell machinery to assist its replication during the viral life cycle. A recent study randomly screened 21,000 host cell genes using siRNA to knock down the gene's expression and determine the effect gene disruption on HIV replication. This study indicated that many host genes are involved in viral replication. We are interested in pursuing the individual genes that were reported to be required for HIV assembly and budding, the process of how the virus forms and gets out of the cell. We are selecting genes indicated to be involved in assembly and budding by this study. We will use siRNA, short double strands of RNA used in interfering with gene expression, to knock down the host gene's expression to see whether the gene has any effect on infectivity. We are attempting to verify the effect on infectivity that these host genes have and, if we confirmed the previous results, we will attempt to look at which part of viral assembly and budding is affected. We can use a variety of techniques to determine this. Single round infectivity assays allow us to see if the virus is still infectious using flow cytometry. Scanning Electron Microscopy allows us to see if the virus is budding correctly. SDS page gels allows us to stain for viral proteins which can show us if viral proteins are being made and processed correctly to form functional viral particles. Once we have established which host proteins are required for replication, we hope to determine at which step in the viral cycle the host gene comes into play and how the virus uses the host's mechanisms to spread to other uninfected cells.Life Sciences Undergraduate Research Opportunity Progra