Melhores práticas em administrações alfandegárias: um estudo exploratório preliminar

This work focuses on the competitiveness seen by the customs procedures involved. Customs can be considered as a bottleneck in international logistics in some countries. Through an exploratory and bibliographical research, we could understand the main characteristics of the customs procedures in Brazil compared with the characteristics of countries considered as world reference. The analysis was based on information drawn from websites of the customs administrations of the countries that initiated the implementation of internationally accepted "good practices’, according to criteria of the World Bank and other international organizations. It is crucial to note the best practices and benchmarking in the customs environment. Among the best practices observed, we highlight the electronic transmission of data, the analysis of risk based on prior information, cooperation at various levels, the use of information technology in transmission and registration procedures, compliance with the Revised Kyoto Convention, among others. Brazil has some actions targeted at best practices, but we need greater agility and coordination in the implementation of most of them. O estudo enfoca a competitividade em termos de procedimentos alfandegários. A aduana ou alfândega pode ser considerada como um gargalo em alguns países em termos de logística internacional. Por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória e bibliográfica, o estudo apresenta as principais características de procedimentos aduaneiros no Brasil, comparados com países considerados de referência mundial na área. A análise está baseada em informação coletada de websites de administrações aduaneiras de países que iniciaram a implementação de “boas práticas” internacionalmente aceitas, de acordo com critérios definidos pelo Banco Mundial e outros organismos internacionais. É crucial observar melhores práticas no ambiente aduaneiro. Entre as melhores práticas observáveis, destacam-se a transmissão eletrônica de dados, a análise de risco baseada em informações prévias, a cooperação em vários níveis, o uso de tecnologia de informação na transmissão e registro de despachos, práticas relacionadas à Convenção de Quioto Revisada, entre outras. A administração alfandegária brasileira tem buscado atingir grande parte das boas práticas, mas é necessário maior agilidade e coordenação na sua implementação

Unraveling the role of cognition in the internationalization process

The aim of this paper is to verify the effects of triggering stimuli on internationalization and whether, according to the target population, ambidexterity and mental models (MM) increase the predisposition to exports, as well as whether the country of origin causes differences in terms of cognition.Data collection consisted of applying a questionnaire to a sample of 285 students from Business Administration programs in Brazil and Spain. ANOVA Welsh was used to verify the heterogeneity of variations, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to assess normality, and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to verify the results of the previous tests. The results showed that the strategic MM facilitates internationalization. In the sample studied, it was possible to verify that Brazilians show an operational tendency, with decisions based on logic and an improvised lifestyle, which denotes lower possibility of engaging in internationalization. This differs from what was found in the Spanish sample, which showed tendency to a strategic approach, denoting greater possibility of engagement in an internationalization process. These results may also be used to improve internationalization stimulus programs, considering cognitive aspects.There is a low number of references relating the subject of ambidexterity to the internationalization process. This study is relevant for proposing the creation of indexes to obtain data on the MM and ambidexterity regarding the identification of personal motivation factors influencing the entrepreneur’s insertion in international markets.Proposition of a formula for standardizing and rescaling the instruments’ value, as the differences between scales may contribute to the inclusion of a hidden dimension of the internationalization process: the analysis of cognition15

O conselho de defesa sul-americano da UNASUL e a Política Externa brasileira: há espaço para “hegemonia consensual” do Brasil?

A Política Externa brasileira do governo Rousseff para a América do Sul, em relação ao governo Lula, é marcada por algumas mudanças; no entanto o objetivo da projeção da liderança do Brasil na região mantém-se e relaciona-se com a eficiência brasileira em disseminar ideias nos mecanismos de integração regionais, como o Conselho de Defesa Sul-americano da UNASUL. O artigo analisa o conceito de hegemonia gramsciana, que enfatiza a importância das ideias, e aplica-as à atuação e ao exercício da liderança ideológica do Brasil na América do Sul e no Conselho. Como resultado dessa análise, observa-se que o Brasil exerce uma “hegemonia consensual” em função do seu perfil de liderança, que envolve, essencialmente, a difusão de suas ideias e o predomínio de meios de negociação não impositivos e não coercitivos, diferentemente de uma perspectiva neorrealista das Relações Internacionais

Identifying necessary conditions to deep-tech entrepreneurship

Purpose – Our research aimed to address which resources provided by an entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) are necessary for deep technology entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach – We employ a novel approach known as necessary condition analysis (NCA) to data on EEs and deep-tech startups from 132 countries, collected in a global innovation index and Crunchbase datasets. The NCA makes it possible to identify whether an EEs resource is a necessary condition that enables entrepreneurship. Findings – Necessary conditions are related to political and business environment; education, research and development; general infrastructure; credit; trade; diversification and market size; and knowledge absorption capacity. Research implications – Our results show that business and political environments are the most necessary conditions to drive deep-tech entrepreneurship. Practical implications – Policymakers could prioritize conditions that maximize entrepreneurial output levels rather than focusing on less necessary elements. Social implications – Some resources require less performance than others. So, policymakers should consider allocating policy efforts to strengthen resources that maximize output levels. Originality/value – Studies on deep-tech entrepreneurship are scarce. This study provides a bottleneck analysis that can guide the formulation of policies to support deep-tech entrepreneurship, since it allows to identify priority areas for resource allocation

A performance model for Public-Private Partnerships: the authorized economic operator as an example

Resumen Asociaciones Público-Privadas (APP) se hizo conocido como una de las alternativas para aumentar la eficacia de los controles fronterizos. Controles excesivos, falta de cooperación y procedimientos engorrosos pueden obstaculizar el comercio en las operaciones globales. Por otro lado, la facilitación del comercio (FC) es una respuesta al crecimiento observado en las operaciones internacionales de la cadena de suministro en los últimos años. Desde que FC implica una relación entre los actores públicos y privados, las alternativas al plan del comercio internacional son compatibles con este tipo de asociación. Sin embargo, solamente establecer una relación entre las partes no asegura se alcanzarán todos los beneficios de la FC. El objetivo de esta investigación es proponer un modelo teórico que puede indicar cuáles son los factores que influyen en el éxito de las APP dirigidas a FC. La relación entre cada variable y el rendimiento de la asociación se ensayó. Con el fin de validar el modelo se utilizó el método de Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales. Los resultados muestran los factores que más influyen en el rendimiento de las APP, aprovechando el Operador Económico Autorizado (OEA) como referencia para los programas de facilitación. Se recogieron los datos, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, centrándose en los profesionales de los sectores públicos y privados que trabajan directamente con FC o tienen conocimiento de ello. Los resultados mostraron que los factores que más influyen en las asociaciones orientadas a FC son, respectivamente, el "microambiente", las "capacidades de las partes" y el "entorno macro-". Futuros programas de APPs con énfasis en facilitación del comercio pueden considerar este modelo para su implementación.Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have become known as one of the alternatives for increasing the effectiveness of border controls. Excessive controls and the lack of cooperation can hinder trade in global operations. On the other hand, Trade Facilitation (TF) is a response to the observed growth in international supply chain operations over the last few years. Since TF involves a relationship between public and private agents, alternatives to solutions within the field of international trade fall into these types of partnerships. However, simply establishing a relation between both agents does not ensure that all of the benefits of TF will be reached. The objective of this research is to propose a theoretical model, one that can indicate which factors have the most influence over TF-oriented PPPs. The relationship between each variable and the performance of a partnership were tested. To validate the proposed model, we used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings show which factors influence the success of TF-oriented PPPs, using the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) as an example. The data were gathered both at the national and international levels, focusing on professionals from the private and public sectors who either work with TF within their regular functions or have expertise on the subject. The results show that the factors that have the most influence over the performance of TF-oriented PPPs are, in order, the "micro-environment", the "abilities of parties" and the "macro-environment". Further PPPs that focus on TF may consider this model for implementation.As Parcerias Público Privadas (PPP) ficaram conhecidas como uma das alternativas para aumentar a eficiência dos controles de fronteira. Controles excessivos, falta de cooperação e procedimentos burocráticos podem atrapalhar o comércio em operações globais. Por outro lado, a Facilitação Comercial (FC) é uma resposta ao crescimento das operações de cadeias de suprimentos internacionais. Já que FC envolve uma relação entre os agentes públicos e privados, alternativas para o plano do comércio internacional encontram respaldo nesse tipo de parceria. Contudo, simplesmente estabelecer uma relação entre as partes não é garantia de que todos os benefícios da FC serão atingidos. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi propor um modelo teórico que consiga indicar quais sãos os fatores que mais influenciam o sucesso de PPPs voltadas à FC. As relações entre cada variável e o desempenho da parceria foram testados de forma a quantificar suas forças. De forma a validar o modelo proposto foi utilizado o método de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (SEM, na sigla inglesa). Os resultados mostram quais são os fatores que mais influenciam o desempenho de PPPs, valendo-se do programa Operador Econômico Autorizado (OEA) como referência para programas de FC. Os dados foram coletados, tanto em nível nacional, quanto internacional, focando em profissionais dos setores público e privado que trabalham diretamente com FC ou possuem conhecimento sobre o assunto. Os resultados mostraram que os fatores que mais influenciam o desempenho de parcerias voltadas à FC são, respectivamente, o microambiente, as habilidades das partes e o macro ambiente. Futuros programas de PPPs com ênfase em facilitação comercial podem se valer de modelos como esse para sua implementação

Deep pulse fractional CO2 laser combined with a radiofrequency system: results of a case series

The purpose of this study was evaluation of the safety and efficacy of this new combined technology that adds deep ablation to thermal stimulation

Lessons from the fastest Brazilian unicorn

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of why a Brazilian digital startup companyreached unicorn status the fastest.Design/methodology/approach – After the literature review, the authors conducted the questionnairecontaining 13 questions used in 18 in-depth interviews conducted in the case study. Saturation point combinedwith the independent and in-depth analysis of the researchers is used to achieve internal and external validity.The primary data collected underwent an analytical approach, followed by a resource-based view (RBV). RBVdoes not deal with time. There is a gap in the literature and an opportunity here: to analyze the fastest companyto become a unicorn under the RBV lens.Findings – The case reveals that value can be found in traditional sectors, as is the case of the real estatesector. This is a case of a company in the direct home-buying space.Practical implications – The contribution of this paper is both practical, with the seven lessons, andtheoretical. Resources allocated to a specific context in a specific geographic region shift the attention awayfrom the absolute value of resources to the timing of aggregating them. Thus, the contribution accounting fortime is new to the RBV.Originality/value – The originality lies in the analysis of the dynamics of digital businesses with exponentialgrowth

Towards a balanced approach in the performance indicators of the Brazilian customs

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOProcurement in international markets is a current practice in today's global supply chains, leading logistics operations to include import and export activities in their procurement process. Such activities are usually of complex nature, since they are subject to diverse customs requirements in different countries. In this context, Brazilian customs is ranked low in terms of competitiveness according to various international organizations. However, published studies on customs administration in Brazil are rare, and there is no research addressing performance measurement in the specialized literature. Thus, this paper aims to present and discuss performance indicators employed by customs administrations around the world, with a special attention to Brazil. Customs is part of a global supply chain management. As an exploratory qualitative research, this manuscript provides a comparison of performance indicators employed in Brazil against those used by countries with high-performance customs. A set of performance indicators was selected according to international standards. Data concerning Brazilian customs was collected from the Ministry of Finance, using the Law on Access to Information, and published Management Reports related to the Brazilian Revenue Authority, in charge of tax and customs administration. This topic is relevant in Brazil because the indicators used so far favour tax collection and controls (related to "enforcement practices") to the detriment of the service level provided to the taxpayer (related to "compliance practices" and the "service charter"), as used in countries with high customs performance. As a result, this paper puts into evidence the need to reform the Brazilian customs system, favouring a balanced approach combining "enforcement" and "compliance" in order to increase the competitiveness of international supply chains crossing this country.A aquisição de insumos produtivos no mercado internacional é prática corrente em cadeias de suprimentos globais, com as operações logísticas incluindo atividades de importação e exportação. Assim, a aduana é um elo que deve ser considerado na gestão globa223508524FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOsem informaçãosem informaçãoProcurement in international markets is a current practice in today's global supply chains, leading logistics operations to include import and export activities in their procurement process. Such activities are usually of complex nature, since they are s

Expression of tyrosine kinase receptor AXL is associated with worse outcome of metastatic renal cell carcinomas treated with sunitinib

Expression of tyrosine kinase receptor AXL is associated with worse outcome of metastatic renal cell carcinomas treated with sunitinibBackground: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 2%-3% of all cancers of the Western countries. Currently, sunitinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, particularly of PDGF and VEGF receptors, is the first-line therapy for metastatic RCC (mRCC), with significant improvement in clinical outcome. However, there is a lack of predictive biomarkers of sunitinib response. Recently, others and our group suggested that the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL may modify the response to sunitinib. Objective: To study the expression of AXL in a series patients with of mRCC treated with sunitinib and to correlate it with patient's clinic-pathological features and therapeutic response. Material and methods: Sixty-four patients with mRCC (51 clear cell carcinomas (CCCs) and 13 non-CCCs) were evaluated for AXL expression by immunohistochemistry in the primary tumor. Results: AXL positivity was observed in 47% (30/64) of cases, namely in 43% (22/51) of CCCs and 61% (8/13) of non-CCC. Considering only the clear cell subtype, the univariate analysis showed that AXL expression was statistically associated with a poor prognosis, with a median overall survival of 13 months vs. 43 months in patients with negative AXL. In this subtype, along with the AXL positivity, other prognostic factors were absence of nephrectomy, Karnofsky performance status, more than 1 site of metastasis and liver metastasis. Moreover, AXL expression was associated with shorter progression to sunitinib. Overall, the multivariate survival analysis showed that absence of nephrectomy (HR = 4.85, P = 0.001), more than 1 site of metastasis (HR = 2.99, P = 0.002), bone metastasis (HR = 2.95, P = 0.001), together with AXL expression (HR = 2.01, P = 0.048) were independent poor prognostic factor in patients with mRCC. Conclusion: AXL expression was associated with worse clinical outcome and may be an important prognostic biomarker in sunitinibtreated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.this study was supported by Barretos Cancer Hospital Internal Research Funds (PAIP) of participant authors. Rui Manuel Reis is recipient of a National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) scholarship.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Container scanning to reduce time of customs clearance process

One way to increase customs clearance efficiency and to assure supply chain security is the use of non-intrusive inspection equipment, such as scanners. In Brazil, scanners are new, but their use at port terminals is growing rapidly. Considering the possibility of Brazilian Customs requesting 100% scanning of loads, this study aims to assess the operational impacts of this possible request at a specific port terminal. This is the originality of this research. To do so, this study uses applied simulation methods in a case study. Results show that for the current scenario, scanners do not appear to be an operational bottleneck at this port, but the scanning capacity will be exceeded with the planned port expansion. Hence, scheduling rules for single machines were applied to optimize scanning performance. These heuristics provided good performance, suggesting that scanners can provide benefits to priority cargo handling, and could eventually increase the performance of port terminals throughout the country