De quoi va-t-on parler ? De la monnaie...

De quoi va-t-on parler ? Et non de quoi parle-t-on ? C’est le véritable titre de cette communication. Ainsi conçue, elle avait vocation d’ouverture, d’appel à un échange et à une réflexion collective autour du thème fondamental de la rencontre, présente dans l’arrière-plan plus ou moins rapproché de chacun des exposés. Car, de facto, on en parlerait beaucoup. Elle serait évoquée, invoquée implicitement ou explicitement, par tous les participants. Mais s’inquiéteraient-ils de savoir s’ils étai..

Revoir Séville. Le Guadalquivir, l’Atlantique et l’Amérique au XVIe siècle

L’article qui suit résume les résultats d’une étude consacrée à la vérification de la thèse de Pierre Chaunu: Séville et l’Atlantique (1503-1650). Il conclut à l’inconsistance de celle-ci et à la nécessité de bien distinguer entre la Carrera —qui est une entreprise de transport— et la Contratación —qui est l’activité fondamentale, celle du commerce

Former à s’informer : développer l’esprit critique ! Comment éduquer et accompagner les adolescents et les jeunes adultes dans l’univers médiatique contemporain pour les aider à grandir ?

Les contenus pédagogiques ont été réalisés dans le cadre du projet Former des médiateurs EMI pour adolescents et jeunes adultes, déposé en 2020 par l’Enssib et l’Inspé Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1. Ce projet s’inscrit dans le Plan EMI développé et financé par le Ministère de la Culture

Esophageal atresia: data from a national cohort

PURPOSE: A prospective national register was established in 2008 to record all new cases of live-birth newborns with esophageal atresia (EA). This epidemiological survey was recommended as part of a national rare diseases plan. METHODS: All 38 national centers treating EA participated by completing for each patient at first discharge a questionnaire validated by a national committee of experts. Data were centralized by the national reference center for esophageal anomalies. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed, with P-values of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results of the 2008-2009 data collection are presented in this report. RESULTS: Three hundred seven new living cases of EA were recorded between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2009. The male/female sex ratio was 1.3, and the live-birth prevalence of EA was 1.8 per 10,000 births. Major characteristics were comparable to those reported in the literature. Survival was 95%, and no correlation with caseload was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiologic surveys of congenital anomalies such as EA, which is a rare disease, provide valuable data for public health authorities and fulfill one important mission of reference centers. When compared with previous epidemiological data, this national population-based registry suggests that the incidence of EA remains stable

Defective Innate Cell Response and Lymph Node Infiltration Specify Yersinia pestis Infection

Since its recent emergence from the enteropathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Y. pestis, the plague agent, has acquired an intradermal (id) route of entry and an extreme virulence. To identify pathophysiological events associated with the Y. pestis high degree of pathogenicity, we compared disease progression and evolution in mice after id inoculation of the two Yersinia species. Mortality studies showed that the id portal was not in itself sufficient to provide Y. pseudotuberculosis with the high virulence power of its descendant. Surprisingly, Y. pseudotuberculosis multiplied even more efficiently than Y. pestis in the dermis, and generated comparable histological lesions. Likewise, Y. pseudotuberculosis translocated to the draining lymph node (DLN) and similar numbers of the two bacterial species were found at 24 h post infection (pi) in this organ. However, on day 2 pi, bacterial loads were higher in Y. pestis-infected than in Y. pseudotuberculosis-infected DLNs. Clustering and multiple correspondence analyses showed that the DLN pathologies induced by the two species were statistically significantly different and identified the most discriminating elementary lesions. Y. pseudotuberculosis infection was accompanied by abscess-type polymorphonuclear cell infiltrates containing the infection, while Y. pestis-infected DLNs exhibited an altered tissue density and a vascular congestion, and were typified by an invasion of the tissue by free floating bacteria. Therefore, Y. pestis exceptional virulence is not due to its recently acquired portal of entry into the host, but is associated with a distinct ability to massively infiltrate the DLN, without inducing in this organ an organized polymorphonuclear cell reaction. These results shed light on pathophysiological processes that draw the line between a virulent and a hypervirulent pathogen

Uma capitania dos novos tempos: economia, sociedade e política na São Paulo restaurada (1765-1822)

O artigo reflete sobre a trajetória da Capitania de São Paulo, a partir de 1750, apontando sua transformação, de fronteira e "boca do sertão", para território estratégico da conquista e defesa das partes meridionais e área economicamente integrada aos circuitos mercantis atlânticos.In this article, we reflect upon the history of the Captaincy of São Paulo as from 1750, drawing attention to its transformation from frontier land and "door to the backcountry" into a territory of strategic value for the purposes of conquest and defense of the southern regions, and economically integrated into the Atlantic trade routes

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Allergico cantabile

Allergico cantabile This article summarizes a longer study which could not in its entirety find a place in Annales ESC. It takes note of some "strange silences" which have, for the past decade, surrounded some of the factual evidence for the economic history of the modern period. The author probes the reasons for these ommissions and impasses. He shows that they result from the development of a cult of the personality combined with a failure of a critical sense which in turn lead to a departure from the elementary rules of scientific control and to a rigidity with respect to the kinds of problems deemed worthy of investigation. In spite of its occasional humorous tone- in the spirit of Mark Twain- the subject is without any question serious oneMorineau Michel. Allergico cantabile. In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 36ᵉ année, N. 4, 1981. pp. 623-649

Jacques Salbert, Les ateliers de retabliers lavallois aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Étude historique et artistique

Morineau Michel. Jacques Salbert, Les ateliers de retabliers lavallois aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Étude historique et artistique. In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 36ᵉ année, N. 2, 1981. pp. 319-320