Migration and risk of intellectual disability with and without autism:A population-based cohort study

Objective To investigate whether parental migration, parental region of origin, timing of child's birth in relation to maternal migration and parental reason for migration are associated with intellectual disability (ID) with and without autism. Methods We used a register-based cohort of all individuals aged 0–17 years in Stockholm County during 2001–2011. General estimating equation logistic model and additionally sibling comparison were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The models were adjusted for child's sex and birth year and parental age at child's birth, and additionally for migrant-specific variables in the analyses including only children with migrant parent(s). Results Within the eligible sample of 670,098 individuals, 3781 (0.6%) had ID with autism, and 5076 (0.8%) had ID without autism. Compared with children with Swedish-born parents, children with both parents born abroad had an increased risk of ID with autism (OR = 1.6, CI 1.5–1.8) and ID without autism (OR = 1.9, CI 1.7–2.0). Among these children with both parents born abroad, it was protective of ID with autism when the child's birth occurred before and later than four years after maternal migration, which was replicated in the sibling comparison. The associations with both conditions were more pronounced with parental origin in regions comprising low- and middle-income countries and with reasons other than work or study. Conclusions Parental migration is associated with ID regardless of co-occurrence of autism. Our results indicate an association between environmental factors during pregnancy related to migration and offspring ID with autism, although further confirmative studies are needed

KsgA, a 16S rRNA adenine methyltransferase, has a novel DNA glycosylase/AP lyase activity to prevent mutations in Escherichia coli

The 5-formyluracil (5-foU), a major mutagenic oxidative damage of thymine, is removed from DNA by Nth, Nei and MutM in Escherichia coli. However, DNA polymerases can also replicate past the 5-foU by incorporating C and G opposite the lesion, although the mechanism of correction of the incorporated bases is still unknown. In this study, using a borohydride-trapping assay, we identified a protein trapped by a 5-foU/C-containing oligonucleotide in an extract from E. coli mutM nth nei mutant. The protein was subsequently purified from the E. coli mutM nth nei mutant and was identified as KsgA, a 16S rRNA adenine methyltransferase. Recombinant KsgA also formed the trapped complex with 5-foU/C- and thymine glycol (Tg)/C-containing oligonucleotides. Furthermore, KsgA excised C opposite 5-foU, Tg and 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5-hmU) from duplex oligonucleotides via a β-elimination reaction, whereas it could not remove the damaged base. In contrast, KsgA did not remove C opposite normal bases, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and 2-hydroxyadenine. Finally, the introduction of the ksgA mutation increased spontaneous mutations in E. coli mutM mutY and nth nei mutants. These results demonstrate that KsgA has a novel DNA glycosylase/AP lyase activity for C mispaired with oxidized T that prevents the formation of mutations, which is in addition to its known rRNA adenine methyltransferase activity essential for ribosome biogenesis

Analysis of esotericism in selected Japanese interpretative traditions: Hiden\u27s operation, logic, and survival in modern times

This project is a quest for hiden, the Japanese term for esotericism. The tradition of Japanese hiden is said to have originated in the institutional establishment of Esoteric Buddhism in the ninth century. Afterwards, esotericism as a method of closed knowledge transmission was adopted broadly in the realm of gei, such as poetry composition, theater, and martial arts. (Gei is a blanket term for acquired technique, be it martial, literary, or musical.) This project takes hiden in the realm of gei as its focus, and investigates its operation and logic in its prime, and its survival in modern times. Importantly, the world of esotericism has been mystified to a great extent. Even after many esoteric texts were published in the early twentieth century and thus became accessible to those outside the esoteric communities, esotericism has been regarded as an illogical, irrational enigma that an outsider cannot understand, especially by reading texts. This project, which I characterize as an analysis of literature conducted by an outsider, as opposed to participation in esoteric practices as an insider, challenges this assumption for two reasons. First, contrary to the popular conception above, esoteric texts demonstrate a certain readable logic. Second, the logic in question is so rich that it must be of acute interdisciplinary interest within, or even beyond, the confines of Japanese studies. For instance, esotericist logic can visualize various notions in medieval Japanese literary traditions that are considerably different from those in modern times: “knowledge,” “creativity,” “verbalization,” “physicality,” and so forth. Furthermore, those interested in the everlasting question of “modernity” might well be intrigued by an elusive—dramatically isolated and yet uncannily intimate—relationship between esotericism and modernity. To this end, this project mainly reads the writings of Yagyû Munenori, Zeami Motokiyo, and Osanai Kaoru. In terms of esotericism, Munenori and Zeami can be historicized as situated in the establishment stage. They thus provide material for an analysis of the operation and logic of esotericism. Osanai\u27s writings illustrate the meanings of esotericism in modern Japan (from the late nineteenth century onward)

Analysis of esotericism in selected Japanese interpretative traditions: Hiden\u27s operation, logic, and survival in modern times

This project is a quest for hiden, the Japanese term for esotericism. The tradition of Japanese hiden is said to have originated in the institutional establishment of Esoteric Buddhism in the ninth century. Afterwards, esotericism as a method of closed knowledge transmission was adopted broadly in the realm of gei, such as poetry composition, theater, and martial arts. (Gei is a blanket term for acquired technique, be it martial, literary, or musical.) This project takes hiden in the realm of gei as its focus, and investigates its operation and logic in its prime, and its survival in modern times. Importantly, the world of esotericism has been mystified to a great extent. Even after many esoteric texts were published in the early twentieth century and thus became accessible to those outside the esoteric communities, esotericism has been regarded as an illogical, irrational enigma that an outsider cannot understand, especially by reading texts. This project, which I characterize as an analysis of literature conducted by an outsider, as opposed to participation in esoteric practices as an insider, challenges this assumption for two reasons. First, contrary to the popular conception above, esoteric texts demonstrate a certain readable logic. Second, the logic in question is so rich that it must be of acute interdisciplinary interest within, or even beyond, the confines of Japanese studies. For instance, esotericist logic can visualize various notions in medieval Japanese literary traditions that are considerably different from those in modern times: “knowledge,” “creativity,” “verbalization,” “physicality,” and so forth. Furthermore, those interested in the everlasting question of “modernity” might well be intrigued by an elusive—dramatically isolated and yet uncannily intimate—relationship between esotericism and modernity. To this end, this project mainly reads the writings of Yagyû Munenori, Zeami Motokiyo, and Osanai Kaoru. In terms of esotericism, Munenori and Zeami can be historicized as situated in the establishment stage. They thus provide material for an analysis of the operation and logic of esotericism. Osanai\u27s writings illustrate the meanings of esotericism in modern Japan (from the late nineteenth century onward)

Primary submucosal nodular plasmacytoma of the stomach: a poorly recognized variant of gastric lymphoma

ABSTRACT: Gastric plasmacytoma (GP) is a rare variant of gastric lymphomas. In the exceptional event that a patient presents with GP, the lesion occupies the mucosal layer in the vast majority of cases. Here we report a case of nodular plasmacytoma confined to the submucosa with no evidence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. The patient was a 59-year old female presenting with no particular symptoms. The tumor was well-demarcated and consisted of a diffuse monomorphic proliferation of plasma cells with numerous lymphoid follicles scattered throughout the tumor. The mucosal surface was intact and not associated with any tumor nodules. The cells were diffusely positive for CD79a, Bob1, EMA and IgA and consistently negative for CD3, CD19, CD20, PAX5, CD56, IgM and IgG. Additionally, in situ hybridization demonstrated clonality in the form of λ light-chain restriction. This submucosal nodular proliferation pattern of plasmacytoma is poorly recognized and considered to be a novel variant of lymphoma. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/348999870867307