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Effects of nicotianamine on iron in the small intestine

Iron is an essential metal for all living organisms that is absorbed in the intestinal cells as a heme-chelated or free form. It is unclear how important plant-derived chelators, such as nicotianamine (NA), an organic small molecule that is ubiquitous in crops, vegetables, and various other foods, contribute to iron bioavailability in mammals. We performed electrophysiological assays with Xenopus laevis oocytes and radioactive tracer experiments with Caco-2 cells. The findings revealed that the proton-coupled amino acid transporter SLC36A1 (PAT1) transports iron in the form of NA-Fe (II) complex in vitro. Decreased expression of hPAT1 by RNA interference in Caco-2 cells reduced the uptake of NA-59Fe (II) complex. The uptake of inorganic 59Fe (II) was relatively unaffected. These results imply that PAT1 transports iron as a NA-Fe (II) complex. The rate of 59Fe absorption in the spleen, liver, and kidney was higher when mice were orally administered NA-59Fe (II) compared with free 59Fe (II). The profile of site-specific PAT1 expression in the mouse intestine coincided with those of NA and iron contents, which were the highest in the proximal jejunum. Orally administered NA-59Fe (II) complex in mice was detected in the proximal jejunum by thin layer chromatography. In contrast, much less 59Fe (or NA) was detected in the duodenum, where the divalent metal transporter SLC11A2 (DMT1) absorbs free Fe (II). The collective results revealed the role of PAT1 in NA-Fe (II) absorption in the intestine and potential implication of NA in iron uptake in mammals

Transplantation of the cadaver heart harvested one hour after hypoxic cardiac arrest using the core-cooling technique in dogs.

A shortage of donor organs in clinical transplantation prompted us to study whether resuscitated dead hearts could be utilized for successful orthotopic heart transplantation. After 60 min of hypoxic cardiac arrest, one group of canine hearts was resuscitated (Res group, n = 6). The other group was harvested directly (Non-Res group, n = 6). In the Res group, cardiopulmonary bypass was utilized for resuscitation at 37 degrees C and the animals were then core-cooled to 15 degrees C. The hearts then were preserved in University of Wisconsin solution and orthotopically transplanted. Stable prostacyclin analogue (OP2507) and verapamil, a calcium antagonist, were added to the cardioplegia, and substrate-enriched warm blood cardioplegia and a hydroxy radical scavenger (EPC) were administered at the time of reperfusion of the transplanted heart. All animals in each group were successfully weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass with dopamine (5 micrograms/kg/min). Cardiac function without dopamine was better preserved in the Res group than the Non-Res group (Emax: 130.6 +/- 41.5% vs. 47.1 +/- 24.7%; mean +/- SD, as percent of postbrain death values, P &#60; 0.01 by unpaired t-test). Cadaver hearts 60 min after anoxic arrest can be successfully re-animated and orthotopically engrafted. In addition, the core-cooling technique is useful. We believe this study serves as the key step in the clinical application of dead hearts to successful cardiac transplantation.</p

Food frequency questionnaire for adults from a population-based study

O estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver questionário de freqüência alimentar para cada um dos grupos: para mulheres, homens e ambos os gêneros, baseados nos dados dietéticos obtidos em estudo de base populacional de diferentes faixas de renda. Para elaboração do questionário foram utilizados dados dietéticos de recordatório de 24h para 1.477 indivíduos de amostra probabilística do município de São Paulo, em 2003. Foram selecionados os itens alimentares que contribuíram com pelo menos 90% da ingestão diária de calorias e nutrientes. O período de referência foi o ano anterior à entrevista e a escolha de alimentos pôde ser feita entre quatro tamanhos de porção.The objective of the study was to develop a food frequency questionnaire for each of the following groups: female adults, male adults and male and female adults, based on dietary data obtained in a population-based study comprising individuals from different income levels. Dietary data was obtained from a 24-hour Dietary Recall applied to a probabilistic sample of 1,477 subjects in the city of São Paulo (Southeastern Brazil) in 2003. Food items accounting for at least 90% of total daily calorie intake and nutrients were selected. The reference time frame was the year preceding the interview and subjects had the choice of four serving sizes.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Web-based System for Designing Game-based Evacuation Drills

A game-based evacuation drill (GBED) using the program Real-World Edutainment is effective disaster education. For the successful GBED, an evacuation scenario and digital materials are important. We are developing a web-based system to design GBEDs through community survey, digital material creation and evacuation scenario composition. This system works with a standard web browser and allows a wide range of people to participate in the GBED design process through simple operations

Composição corporal e consumo alimentar de um grupo de trilheiros de São Paulo

A alimentação e o estado nutricional de trilheiros é fundamental para que o praticante não apenas complete o percurso, mas que o faça em condições de aproveitar a aventura. Assim, este estudo avaliou a composição corporal e o consumo alimentar de um grupo de trilheiros de São Paulo. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com praticantes de trilhas, de ambos os sexos, que consentiram em participar da pesquisa. Para avaliar a composição corporal aferiu-se o peso, estatura, dobras cutâneas e circunferências corporais. O percentual de gordura corporal foi calculado segundo Siri (1961) e classificado por Lohman (1992). O consumo alimentar foi avaliado pela aplicação de um Recordatório de 24 horas. Os macronutrientes, ácidos graxos, vitaminas A, C, E, cálcio, magnésio e ferro foram calculados utilizando-se o Software Avanutri® versão 4.0. Utilizou-se as recomendações do Institute of Medicine (2001) e da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (2013). Foram avaliados 14 trilheiros com idade média de 29 anos, sendo 50% do sexo feminino e 50% do masculino. Pôde-se notar que 35,71% dos participantes estavam acima do peso e 50,0% tinham elevado percentual de gordura. Os homens apresentaram maior estatura e peso e as mulheres maiores porcentagem de gordura e dobra bicipital (p<0,001). Verificou-se ingestão adequada de macronutrientes, porém consumo elevado de gorduras saturadas e colesterol. Também se observou alta prevalência de inadequação quanto ao consumo de cálcio e maior ingestão de lipídios pelas mulheres (p<0,05). Desta forma, recomenda-se que estes indivíduos recebam orientações sobre nutrição visando um melhor rendimento e saúde

Composição corporal e alimentação de atletas de bocha adaptada

The Bocce Ball game was introduced to the Olympics Game in 1984, but its known that the game has been practiced since the 70’s, adapted to disabled athletes. The modality is contested by severe degree of motor impairment athletes, there are few studies related to, therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate body composition and food intake of an adapted boucce ball team in the city of Sao Paulo. It’s a cross-sectional study with 13 boules athletes adapted to both genders. To evaluate the athletes' food consumption it was applied a Food Frequency Questionnaire and the body composition of the athletes was analyzed from the measurement skinfold (triceps, subscapular, supra iliac, abdominal and thigh), knee height, arm circumferences and calf. It was evaluated 9 male athletes and four female athletes, aged between 26-60 years. Most athletes had normal body mass index, but it was noted that 53% of the participants is above average with moderate risk for obesity associated diseases. According to the food consumption analysis, food groups of great importance as milk and dairy products, vegetables and fruits had insufficient consumption for all athletes, as well as water consumption, which also performed below the recommended. The study concludes that the athletes require nutritional counseling to improve life quality, body composition and physical performance.O jogo de bocha foi introduzido aos jogos olímpicos em 1984, e é sabido que o esporte seja praticado desde os anos 70 por atletas deficientes. A modalidade é disputada por atletas de grau severo de comprometimento motor e/ou múltiplo. Há poucas pesquisas relacionadas a esse público, sendo o objetivo do presente estudo avaliar a composição corporal e a alimentação de um time de bocha adaptada em São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 13 atletas de bocha adaptada, de ambos os gêneros. Para a avaliação da alimentação dos atletas aplicou-se um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar e para avaliação de composição corporal, foram aferidas dobras cutâneas (tricipital, subescapular, suprailíaca, abdominal e coxa), altura de joelho e circunferências de braço e panturrilha. Foram avaliados 9 atletas do sexo masculino e 4 indivíduos do sexo feminino, com idades entre 26 e 60 anos. Observou-se que a maioria dos atletas apresentou eutrofia em relação ao IMC, entretanto, 53% foram classificados como tendo alta porcentagem de gordura corporal. Em relação a alimentação, verificou-se que o consumo de alimentos de grupos alimentares de grande importância como leites e derivados, verduras, legumes e frutas, se mostrou insuficiente para todos os atletas, assim como a ingestão hídrica, que também se apresentou abaixo do recomendado. Conclui-se que é necessário o acompanhamento nutricional dos atletas, para melhor qualidade de vida e desempenho físico

Questionário de freqüência alimentar para adultos com base em estudo populacional

The objective of the study was to develop a food frequency questionnaire for each of the following groups: female adults, male adults and male and female adults, based on dietary data obtained in a population-based study comprising individuals from different income levels. Dietary data was obtained from a 24-hour Dietary Recall applied to a probabilistic sample of 1,477 subjects in the city of São Paulo (Southeastern Brazil) in 2003. Food items accounting for at least 90% of total daily calorie intake and nutrients were selected. The reference time frame was the year preceding the interview and subjects had the choice of four serving sizes.O estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver questionário de freqüência alimentar para cada um dos grupos: para mulheres, homens e ambos os gêneros, baseados nos dados dietéticos obtidos em estudo de base populacional de diferentes faixas de renda. Para elaboração do questionário foram utilizados dados dietéticos de recordatório de 24h para 1.477 indivíduos de amostra probabilística do município de São Paulo, em 2003. Foram selecionados os itens alimentares que contribuíram com pelo menos 90% da ingestão diária de calorias e nutrientes. O período de referência foi o ano anterior à entrevista e a escolha de alimentos pôde ser feita entre quatro tamanhos de porção

マウスiPS細胞由来の気管支肺胞幹細胞は末梢気道上皮再生を促進する

Background: Bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) located at the bronchioalveolar-duct junction (BADJ) are stem cells residing in alveoli and terminal bronchioles that can self-renew and differentiate into alveolar type (AT)-1 cells, AT-2 cells, club cells, and ciliated cells. Following terminal-bronchiole injury, BASCs increase in number and promote repair. However, whether BASCs can be differentiated from mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) remains unreported, and the therapeutic potential of such cells is unclear. We therefore sought to differentiate BASCs from iPSCs and examine their potential for use in the treatment of epithelial injury in terminal bronchioles. Methods: BASCs were induced using a modified protocol for differentiating mouse iPSCs into AT-2 cells. Differentiated iPSCs were intratracheally transplanted into naphthalene-treated mice. The engraftment of BASCs into the BADJ and their subsequent ability to promote repair of injury to the airway epithelium were evaluated. Results: Flow cytometric analysis revealed that BASCs represented ~ 7% of the cells obtained. Additionally, ultrastructural analysis of these iPSC-derived BASCs via transmission electron microscopy showed that the cells containing secretory granules harboured microvilli, as well as small and immature lamellar body-like structures. When the differentiated iPSCs were intratracheally transplanted in naphthalene-induced airway epithelium injury, transplanted BASCs were found to be engrafted in the BADJ epithelium and alveolar spaces for 14 days after transplantation and to maintain the BASC phenotype. Notably, repair of the terminal-bronchiole epithelium was markedly promoted after transplantation of the differentiated iPSCs. Conclusions: Mouse iPSCs could be differentiated in vitro into cells that display a similar phenotype to BASCs. Given that the differentiated iPSCs promoted epithelial repair in the mouse model of naphthalene-induced airway epithelium injury, this method may serve as a basis for the development of treatments for terminal-bronchiole/alveolar-region disorders