多文化社会の進展と地域の取組み-滋賀県の国際施策・多文化共生の動きから-(聖泉大学短期大学部)

本論は,日本で生活する外国人(外国籍住民)の推移と現状から多文化社会の進展を指摘し,それに対する地域の取組みについて,滋賀県の国際施策や多文化共生の動きから考察を行った。外国籍住民が増加する実態の中で,自治体や市民の立場から外国人とともに生きる社会を築くために必要な視点とは何か,これからの地域社会のあり方を検討した

ズガ コウサクカ ジュギョウ ニオイテ ジドウ ニ エンゲージメント オ ツクリダス ココロミ

本研究は，エンゲージメントに着目した授業を実践し，その成果と課題を検討することを目的とした実践報告である。授業の工夫として，(1)行動エンゲージメントの工夫，(2)感情エンゲージメントの工夫，(3)認知的エンゲージメントの工夫，の３つの手立てを計画し授業実践を行った。効果の検証のため，児童のエンゲージメント状態を測定するためのエンゲージメント尺度を作成し，同尺度を用いた検証と児童の振り返り記述を用いた検証を行った。結果，エンゲージメントの要素である認知的エンゲージメントに対する支援について効果が見られた。課題として，教師による児童のニーズの把握の必要性が示唆された。This paper is a practical report aimed at practicing lessons of arts and crafts focusing on engagement and examining the outcomes and problems of practice. As a way of teaching, we practiced classes by planning three methods: (1) Behavior engagement, (2) Emotional engagement, and (3) Cognitive engagement. As a verification method, the engagement scale for measuring the engagement state was created and measured, and verification using the child\u27s retrospective description was performed. As a result, it was effective for support for cognitive engagement which is an element of engagement. For further improvement, it was suggested that teachers are required to understand the needs of children

Voxel-based structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of patients with early onset schizophrenia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Investigation into the whole brain morphology of early onset schizophrenia (EOS) to date has been sparse. We studied the regional brain volumes in EOS patients, and the correlations between regional volume measures and symptom severity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 18 EOS patients (onset under 16 years) and 18 controls matched for age, gender, parental socioeconomic status, and height were examined. Voxel-based morphometric analysis using the Brain Analysis Morphological Mapping (BAMM) software package was employed to explore alterations of the regional grey (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes in EOS patients. Symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>EOS patients had significantly reduced GM volume in the left parahippocampal, inferior frontal, and superior temporal gyri, compared with the controls. They also had less WM volume in the left posterior limb of the internal capsule and the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus. The positive symptom score of PANSS (higher values corresponding to more severe symptoms) was negatively related to GM volume in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus. The negative symptom score was positively correlated with GM volume in the right thalamus. As for the association with WM volume, the positive symptom score of PANSS was positively related to cerebellar WM (vermis region), and negatively correlated with WM in the brain stem (pons) and in the bilateral cerebellum (hemisphere region).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our findings of regional volume alterations of GM and WM in EOS patients coincide with those of previous studies of adult onset schizophrenia patients. However, in brain regions that had no overall structural differences between EOS patients and controls (that is, the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, the right thalamus, the cerebellum, and the pons), within-subject analysis of EOS patients alone revealed that there were significant associations of the volume in these areas and the symptom severity. These findings suggest that at an early stage of the illness, especially for those with onset before brain maturation, a wide range of disturbed neural circuits, including these brain regions that show no apparent morphological changes, may contribute to the formation of the symptomatology.</p

ソウサクブツ ノ ドウサ ヒョウゲン ホウホウ ニ タイスル ジョウホウ ギジュツ ノ カツヨウ

Educational content of the drawing and handicrafts has generally divided into two areas of "Expression" and "Appreciation" as being provided by the elementary school course of study. This research focuses on the former content of study concerning the expression of motion which pupils want to produce with feeling, seeing, and imagination and so on. The purpose is to use the information technology as a technique for expressing the motion of a creative object in order to expand pupils\u27 activity range. A motion-expression-type robot is proposed as the teaching material that can be used in the class of the drawing and handicrafts. The pupil can make the robot move by either a manual operation or an embedded microcomputer. The possibility to be able to apply the proposed robot to the drawing and handicrafts is considered. The understanding level of the expression of the motion by the information technology is also investigated by using the robot. As a result ofthe research class in the elementary school, it has been clear to be able to apply the information technology to express the motion of the creative object

A novel locally operated master-slave robot system for single-incision laparoscopic surgery

Purpose: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) provides more cosmetic benefits than conventional laparoscopic surgery but presents operational difficulties. To overcome this technical problem, we have developed a locally operated master-slave robot system that provides operability and a visual field similar to conventional laparoscopic surgery. Material and methods: A surgeon grasps the master device with the left hand, which is placed above the abdominal wall, and holds a normal instrument with the right hand. A laparoscope, a slave robot, and the right-sided instrument are inserted through one incision. The slave robot is bent in the body cavity and its length, pose, and tip angle are changed by manipulating the master device; thus the surgeon has almost the same operability as with normal laparoscopic surgery. To evaluate our proposed system, we conducted a basic task and an ex vivo experiment. Results: In basic task experiments, the average object-passing task time was 9.50 sec (SILS cross), 22.25 sec (SILS parallel), and 7.23 sec (proposed SILS). The average number of instrument collisions was 3.67 (SILS cross), 14 (SILS parallel), and 0.33 (proposed SILS). In the ex vivo experiment, we confirmed the applicability of our system for single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Conclusion: We demonstrated that our proposed robot system is useful for single-incision laparoscopic surgery.ArticleMINIMALLY INVASIVE THERAPY & ALLIED TECHNOLOGIES. 23(6):326-332 (2014)journal articl

Plasma Cytokine Profiles in Subjects with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders

Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of the immune system is involved in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of the study was to explore immunological markers in peripheral plasma samples from non-medicated subjects with high-functioning ASD.A multiplex assay for cytokines and chemokines was applied to plasma samples from male subjects with high-functioning ASD (n = 28) and matched controls (n = 28). Among a total of 48 analytes examined, the plasma concentrations of IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-5, IL-8, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-17 and GRO-α were significantly higher in subjects with ASD compared with the corresponding values of matched controls after correction for multiple comparisons.The results suggest that abnormal immune responses as assessed by multiplex analysis of cytokines may serve as one of the biological trait markers for ASD