36 research outputs found

    Ethical and Clinical Aspects of Intensive Care Unit Admission in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: Guidelines of the Ethics Commission of the French Society of Hematology

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    Admission of patients with hematological malignancies to intensive care unit (ICU) raises recurrent ethical issues for both hematological and intensivist teams. The decision of transfer to ICU has major consequences for end of life care for patients and their relatives. It also impacts organizational human and economic aspects for the ICU and global health policy. In light of the recent advances in hematology and critical care medicine, a wide multidisciplinary debate has been conducted resulting in guidelines approved by consensus by both disciplines. The main aspects developed were (i) clarification of the clinical situations that could lead to a transfer to ICU taking into account the severity criteria of both hematological malignancy and clinical distress, (ii) understanding the process of decision-making in a context of regular interdisciplinary concertation involving the patient and his relatives, (iii) organization of a collegial concertation at the time of the initial decision of transfer to ICU and throughout and beyond the stay in ICU. The aim of this work is to propose suggestions to strengthen the collaboration between the different teams involved, to facilitate the daily decision-making process, and to allow improvement of clinical practice

    Loss of interleukin-10 activates innate immunity to eradicate adult T-cell leukemia-initiating cells

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    Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is associated to chronic human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection and carries a poor prognosis. Arsenic trioxide (AS) and interferon-alpha (IFNα) together selectively trigger Tax viral oncoprotein degradation and cure Tax-driven murine ATL. AS/IFNα/zidovudine treatment achieves a high response rate in patients with chronic ATL. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an immuno-suppressive cytokine whose expression is activated by Tax. Here we show that, in ATL, AS/IFNα-induced abrogation of leukemia initiating cell activity requires IL-10 expression shutoff. Loss of IL-10 secretion drives production of inflammatory cytokines by the microenvironment, followed by innate immunity-mediated clearance of Taxdriven leukemic cells. Accordingly, anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibodies significantly increased the efficiency of AS/IFNα therapy. These results emphasize the sequential targeting of malignant ATL cells and their immune microenvironment in leukemia initiating cell (LIC) eradication and provide a strong rational to test AS/IFNα/anti-IL10 combination in ATL

    Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase ÎŽ syndrome: Update from the ESID Registry and comparison with other autoimmune-lymphoproliferative inborn errors of immunity

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    Background: Activated phosphoinositide-3-kinase d syndrome (APDS) is an inborn error of immunity (IEI) with infection susceptibility and immune dysregulation, clinically overlapping with other conditions. Management depends on disease evolution, but predictors of severe disease are lacking. Objectives: This study sought to report the extended spectrum of disease manifestations in APDS1 versus APDS2; compare these to CTLA4 deficiency, NFKB1 deficiency, and STAT3 gain of-function (GOF) disease; and identify predictors of severity in APDS. Methods: Data was collected from the ESID (European Society for Immunodeficiencies)-APDS registry and was compared with published cohorts of the other IEIs. Results: The analysis of 170 patients with APDS outlines high penetrance and early onset of APDS compared to the other IEIs. The large clinical heterogeneity even in individuals with the same PIK3CD variant E1021K illustrates how poorly the genotype predicts the disease phenotype and course. The high clinical overlap between APDS and the other investigated IEIs suggests relevant pathophysiological convergence of the affected pathways. Preferentially affected organ systems indicate specific pathophysiology: bronchiectasis is typical of APDS1; interstitial lung disease and enteropathy are more common in STAT3 GOF and CTLA4 deficiency. Endocrinopathies are most frequent in STAT3 GOF, but growth impairment is also common, particularly in APDS2. Early clinical presentation is a risk factor for severe disease in APDS. Conclusions: APDS illustrates how a single genetic variant can result in a diverse autoimmune-lymphoproliferative phenotype. Overlap with other IEIs is substantial. Some specific features distinguish APDS1 from APDS2. Early onset is a risk factor for severe disease course calling for specific treatment studies in younger patients. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023;152:984-96.

    Role of NK Receptors in Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma. Example of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma and Primary Gastro-intestinal T-cell Lymphoproliferative Disease.

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    Les lymphomes T pĂ©riphĂ©riques (PTCLs) sont des entitĂ©s hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes dont la classification a rĂ©cemment Ă©tĂ© rĂ©visĂ©e. Plus de 25 entitĂ©s de lymphomes T ou NK matures sont ainsi classĂ©es selon leur prĂ©sentation clinico-biologique et leur origine cellulaire prĂ©sumĂ©e, justifiant l’étude approfondie de leur phĂ©notype. Des rĂ©cepteurs NK (NKRs) ont Ă©tĂ© mis en Ă©vidence dans certains lymphomes cutanĂ©s. En outre, un lymphome intra-Ă©pithĂ©lial intestinal, appelĂ© maladie coeliaque rĂ©fractaire de type II (MCRII), dĂ©rive d’un lymphocyte caractĂ©risĂ© par des marqueurs T et NK. Ces constatations nous ont amenĂ©s Ă  Ă©valuer l’expression de NKRs sur un panel reprĂ©sentatif de PTCLs, constituĂ© en particulier de PTCLs primitifs intestinaux et de leucĂ©mies/lymphomes T de l’adulte associĂ©s Ă  l’HTLV-1 (ATL). Dans l’ATL, nous montrons que KIR3DL2 est exprimĂ© par les cellules tumorales des formes aigĂŒes. Le virus HTLV-1 et la mĂ©thylation de son promoteur jouent un rĂŽle dans l’expression de KIR3DL2. Enfin, un anticorps monoclonal dirigĂ© contre KIR3DL2, IPH4102, est capable de tuer spĂ©cifiquement les cellules primaires d’ATL KIR3DL2 ex vivo par un mĂ©canisme dĂ©pendant d’effecteurs NK autologues. Dans les lymphoprolifĂ©rations T intestinales primitives, nous montrons que NKp46 est un nouveau biomarqueur pour leur diagnostic et leur stratification thĂ©rapeutique. En effet, NKp46 est exprimĂ© sur les cellules anormales de la MCRII, et sur les lymphomes T primitifs intestinaux agressifs, mais pas sur les indolents et les MC non compliquĂ©es. Enfin, les cellules primaires exprimant NKp46 sont sensibles ex vivo Ă  la cytotoxicitĂ© induite par un anticorps monoclonal dirigĂ© contre NKp46 et couplĂ© Ă  une toxine.Ces rĂ©sultats nous ont permis de discuter l’origine cellulaire de ces lymphomes et le rĂŽle de ces NKRs dans la lymphomagĂ©nĂšse. Dans une optique translationnelle, l’expression des NKRs peut aider au diagnostic de ces entitĂ©s parfois difficiles Ă  individualiser, et enfin constituer une cible thĂ©rapeutique intĂ©ressante.Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCLs) are heterogeneous entities whose classification has recently been revised. More than 25 entities are thus classified according to their clinico-biological presentation and their presumed cellular origin, justifying the in-depth study of their phenotype. NK receptors (NKRs) have been demonstrated in some cutaneous lymphomas. In addition, a less known intestinal lymphoma, called type II refractory celiac disease (RCDII), arises from an intraepithelial lymphocyte characterized by T and NK markers. These findings led us to evaluate the expression of NKRs on a representative panel of PTCLs, focusing on primary gastrointestinal (GI) T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (T-LPD) and HTLV-1 associated adult T leukemia/lymphoma (ATL).In ATL, we show that KIR3DL2 expression is mainly associated with acute-type ATL. HTLV-1 has a preferential tropism for KIR3DL2+ lymphocytes and may play a role in KIR3DL2 expression induction, combined with the hypomethylation status of KIR3DL2 promoter. The benefit of targeting KIR3DL2 by IPH4102 should be further investigating in acute ATL patients.In GI T-LPD, we show that NKp46 is a novel biomarker useful for diagnosis and therapeutic stratification, as NKp46 is a hallmark of RCDII tumor cells, shared by EATL. Strong preclinical rationale identifies anti-NKp46-PBD as a promising therapy for RCDII, EATL and MEITL.These results allowed us to discuss the cellular origin of these lymphomas and the role of NKRs in lymphomagenesis. From a translational point of view, NKRs could represent useful biomarkers in these entities that are sometimes difficult to individualize, and finally constitute an interesting therapeutic target

    RÎle des récepteurs NK dans les lymphoproliférations T matures. Exemple des leucémies/lymphomes T de l'adulte associés à l'HTLV-1 et des lymphoproliférations T intestinales primitives

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    Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCLs) are heterogeneous entities whose classification has recently been revised. More than 25 entities are thus classified according to their clinico-biological presentation and their presumed cellular origin, justifying the in-depth study of their phenotype. NK receptors (NKRs) have been demonstrated in some cutaneous lymphomas. In addition, a less known intestinal lymphoma, called type II refractory celiac disease (RCDII), arises from an intraepithelial lymphocyte characterized by T and NK markers. These findings led us to evaluate the expression of NKRs on a representative panel of PTCLs, focusing on primary gastrointestinal (GI) T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (T-LPD) and HTLV-1 associated adult T leukemia/lymphoma (ATL).In ATL, we show that KIR3DL2 expression is mainly associated with acute-type ATL. HTLV-1 has a preferential tropism for KIR3DL2+ lymphocytes and may play a role in KIR3DL2 expression induction, combined with the hypomethylation status of KIR3DL2 promoter. The benefit of targeting KIR3DL2 by IPH4102 should be further investigating in acute ATL patients.In GI T-LPD, we show that NKp46 is a novel biomarker useful for diagnosis and therapeutic stratification, as NKp46 is a hallmark of RCDII tumor cells, shared by EATL. Strong preclinical rationale identifies anti-NKp46-PBD as a promising therapy for RCDII, EATL and MEITL.These results allowed us to discuss the cellular origin of these lymphomas and the role of NKRs in lymphomagenesis. From a translational point of view, NKRs could represent useful biomarkers in these entities that are sometimes difficult to individualize, and finally constitute an interesting therapeutic target.Les lymphomes T pĂ©riphĂ©riques (PTCLs) sont des entitĂ©s hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes dont la classification a rĂ©cemment Ă©tĂ© rĂ©visĂ©e. Plus de 25 entitĂ©s de lymphomes T ou NK matures sont ainsi classĂ©es selon leur prĂ©sentation clinico-biologique et leur origine cellulaire prĂ©sumĂ©e, justifiant l’étude approfondie de leur phĂ©notype. Des rĂ©cepteurs NK (NKRs) ont Ă©tĂ© mis en Ă©vidence dans certains lymphomes cutanĂ©s. En outre, un lymphome intra-Ă©pithĂ©lial intestinal, appelĂ© maladie coeliaque rĂ©fractaire de type II (MCRII), dĂ©rive d’un lymphocyte caractĂ©risĂ© par des marqueurs T et NK. Ces constatations nous ont amenĂ©s Ă  Ă©valuer l’expression de NKRs sur un panel reprĂ©sentatif de PTCLs, constituĂ© en particulier de PTCLs primitifs intestinaux et de leucĂ©mies/lymphomes T de l’adulte associĂ©s Ă  l’HTLV-1 (ATL). Dans l’ATL, nous montrons que KIR3DL2 est exprimĂ© par les cellules tumorales des formes aigĂŒes. Le virus HTLV-1 et la mĂ©thylation de son promoteur jouent un rĂŽle dans l’expression de KIR3DL2. Enfin, un anticorps monoclonal dirigĂ© contre KIR3DL2, IPH4102, est capable de tuer spĂ©cifiquement les cellules primaires d’ATL KIR3DL2 ex vivo par un mĂ©canisme dĂ©pendant d’effecteurs NK autologues. Dans les lymphoprolifĂ©rations T intestinales primitives, nous montrons que NKp46 est un nouveau biomarqueur pour leur diagnostic et leur stratification thĂ©rapeutique. En effet, NKp46 est exprimĂ© sur les cellules anormales de la MCRII, et sur les lymphomes T primitifs intestinaux agressifs, mais pas sur les indolents et les MC non compliquĂ©es. Enfin, les cellules primaires exprimant NKp46 sont sensibles ex vivo Ă  la cytotoxicitĂ© induite par un anticorps monoclonal dirigĂ© contre NKp46 et couplĂ© Ă  une toxine.Ces rĂ©sultats nous ont permis de discuter l’origine cellulaire de ces lymphomes et le rĂŽle de ces NKRs dans la lymphomagĂ©nĂšse. Dans une optique translationnelle, l’expression des NKRs peut aider au diagnostic de ces entitĂ©s parfois difficiles Ă  individualiser, et enfin constituer une cible thĂ©rapeutique intĂ©ressante

    Les leucémies aigues lymphoblastiques (LAL) de la lignée B avec translocation (1;19) (Analyse génomique comparative de 20 enfants et 14 adultes)

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    Les LAL de la lignĂ©e B de l adulte et de l enfant diffĂšrent en termes d incidence, de pronostic et de caractĂ©ristiques cytogĂ©nĂ©tiques. La translocation chromosomique rĂ©currente t(1;19)/TCF3-PBX1 est rĂ©putĂ©e ĂȘtre associĂ©e Ă  un mauvais pronostic chez l adulte alors qu elle n a pas d impact dĂ©favorable chez l enfant. Une analyse des anomalies en nombre de copies des gĂšnes par CGH-array a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e chez 14 adultes et 20 enfants porteurs d une LAL avec t(1;19), et a confirmĂ© leur hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique. En effet, tous les adultes Ă©tudiĂ©s avaient des anomalies associĂ©es Ă  la t(1;19), principalement des dĂ©lĂ©tions, souvent clonales. Parmi les enfants, les anomalies gĂ©nomiques Ă©taient moins nombreuses, souvent sous-clonales et 7/20 (35%) n avaient que la t(1;19) identifiĂ©e. Au niveau du chromosome 9 ont Ă©tĂ© frĂ©quemment observĂ©es des dĂ©lĂ©tions de CDKN2A, un gĂšne suppresseur de tumeur, avec 8 adultes et 2 enfants (57% vs. 10%, P=0,006) et de PAX5, un gĂšne impliquĂ© dans la diffĂ©renciation lymphoĂŻde B, avec 6 adultes et 4 enfants (43% vs. 20%, NS). Des dĂ©lĂ©tions 9p complĂštes Ă©taient souvent associĂ©es mais des pertes focales de CDKN2A n ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es que chez les adultes. A l inverse, les pertes focales de PAX5 sans del(9p) n ont Ă©tĂ© vues que chez l enfant, Ă  l exception d un adulte. Ces anomalies Ă©taient associĂ©es Ă  des dĂ©lĂ©tions 6q et des isochromosomes 9. Elles n avaient pas d impact sur la survenue de rechutes. Au total, les LAL de la lignĂ©e B avec t(1;19) de l adulte et de l enfant ont des caractĂ©ristiques biologiques diffĂ©rentes, notamment au niveau des gains et des pertes gĂ©niques associĂ©s qui pourraient contribuer Ă  expliquer leurs diffĂ©rences en terme de pronostic.PARIS6-Bibl.PitiĂ©-SalpĂȘtrie (751132101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy-Based Approaches in Mantle Cell Lymphoma

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    International audienceMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) characterized by the translocation t(11;14) (q13;q32) and a poor response to rituximab–anthracycline-based chemotherapy. High-dose cytarabine-based regimens offer a durable response, but an important number of MCL patients are not eligible for intensive treatment and are ideal candidates for novel targeted therapies (such as BTK, proteasome or BCL2 inhibitors, Immunomodulatory Drugs (IMiDs), bispecific antibodies, or CAR-T cell therapy). On the bench side, several studies aiming to integrate the tumor within its ecosystem highlighted a critical role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the expansion and resistance of MCL. This led to important insights into the role of the TME in the management of MCL, including potential targets and biomarkers. Indeed, targeted agents often have a combined mechanism of action on the tumor B cell but also on the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this review is to briefly describe the current knowledge on the biology of the TME in MCL and expose the results of the different therapeutic strategies integrating the TME in this disease
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