Examining the History of Forest and Fire Management: A deeper look at how the Milli fire affected the Sisters Oregon community

Forest management is an ever-changing process. With new research and technology, forest management has dramatically changed over the last few decades. In 1995, 16% of the US Forest Service’s budget was devoted to firefighting, in 2015 it was more than 50% of the budget, and estimates say that it could be as much as 70% of the budget by the year 2025 (Struzik, 238). This raise in cost is due in part to the lengthening of wildfire season. Over the last 40 years, the average fire season in the US has gone from 23 days long to an average of 116 days (Davis, p. 92). This compilation will review important literature related to forest management, explore fire management based on differing geological areas, assess how forest fires impact communities using the 2017 Milli Fire as an example, and interview professionals in the field of forest and fire management all in hopes to bring awareness, prevention, and increased social responsibility to readers

The teaching and learning research programme (TLRP) in Wales: research evidence for educational policy and practice in Wales

Alex Morgan and Jane Waters, Swansea University; Jane Williams

Northern Territory safe streets audit

This audit examined crime and safety issues in the Northern Territory urban communities of Darwin, Katherine and Alice Springs to help inform effective strategies to reduce the actual and perceived risk of victimisation. Abstract This Special Report is a research driven response to community concerns regarding the level of crime and fear of crime in the Northern Territory. The Northern Institute at Charles Darwin University and the Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) were commissioned by the Northern Territory Police Force (NT Police) to undertake the NT Safe Streets Audit. The purpose of the Safe Streets Audit was to examine crime and safety issues in the Northern Territory urban communities of Darwin, Katherine and Alice Springs and to help inform effective strategies to reduce the actual and perceived risk of victimisation. The audit involved a literature review exploring issues impacting on the fear of crime in the Northern Territory, focus groups with a range of stakeholders in Darwin, Alice Springs and Katherine, the analysis of media articles on crime and policing, the analysis of incident data from NT Police on assault offences and public disorder incidents, and a rapid evidence assessment of the effectiveness of strategies targeting NT crime problems. Implications for future crime reduction approaches in the Northern Territory were then identified

Pedogenic Process in Engineered Soils for Radioactive Waste Containment

The emergence of soil morphology has long been under emphasized in the planning and maintenance of engineered soils for waste containment. Recent studies report that soil change induced alterations to waste cover engineering properties, including hydraulic conductivity, can occur in as little as five-years post construction. With mandated waste cover performance lifetimes of hundreds to thousands of years, an understanding of long-term change can directly increase human and environmental health at a reduced cost. This manuscript explores how engineered soils for waste containment change through space and time and documents how such natural changes impact as-built engineered performance. Special emphasis is placed on cover systems in the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978 (UMTRCA) portfolio managed by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Legacy Management (DOE-LM). Four sites were studied that represent engineering, climatic, and management conditions commonly found across the portfolio. Herein, we use 30-years of archived inspection reports to explore how setting, engineering design, and management influence rates and patterns of change; position engineered soils within a factorial framework of soil formation; discuss dominant pedogenic processes occurring in engineered soils over decadal time frames from field investigation and a literature review; and use a soil morphological development index to compare the soil morphology of in-service covers, and natural analogs, to measured hydraulic conductivity and radon diffusion coefficients to explore long-term rates of change

Portfolio of musical composition: my approach to composing: the development, selection and application of techniques and systems in my music

I use a range of techniques to put together my musical ideas, techniques that are rooted in the incidental and intentional listening that identifies who I am, as a person as well as a composer. Reflecting on the intentional is relatively easy. Reflecting on the incidental requires objective analysis of one’s own music. Inevitably, such analysis identifies preoccupations and preferences, as well as technical weaknesses and obsessions, all of which may or may not be unhealthy. Like many composers, I develop various systems to help me generate the sketch material which eventually becomes the completed piece. These are important to me and can occupy the mind long after the job of selecting – and therefore discarding – and organising has been started. This is the work that in essence produces the version of the music to be heard – the only version that matters. While others may be interested, even intrigued, by the process of composing, it is difficult to accept the importance of the process to the listener. Once systems have served their purpose, they hold little relevance for me; they may be compromised, altered, even ignored to serve the needs of the music as it develops in its own right. The preoccupations that occupy me presently are: omophonic heterophon Non octave-repeating modes and derivative chord group Rhythmic devices in melodic constructio Temporal ambiguit The application of sets of rules or systems This commentary describes my methods and some of the intentional and incidental influences on my music, and reflects on my thoughts about how my music might be perceived by others. It also reflects on others’ and my thoughts on the relationship between composer and listener. This is something I have come to appreciate the greater significance of during the post-compositional analytical process – my starting point for the commentary – and something which seems increasingly more complex than I had once imagined

John Dewey in the 21st Century

John Dewey was a pragmatist, progressivist, educator, philosopher, and social reformer (Gutek, 2014). Dewey’s various roles greatly impacted education and he was perhaps one of the most influential educational philosophers known to date (Theobald, 2009). Dewey’s impact on education was very evident in his theory about social learning; he believed that school should be representative of a social environment and that students learn best when in natural social settings (Flinders & Thornton, 2013). His ideas impacted education in another facet because he believed that students were all unique learners and he was a proponent of student interests driving teacher instruction (Dewey, 1938). With the current educational focus in the United States being on the implementation of the Common Core standards and passing standardized tests and state exams, finding evidence of John Dewey’s theories in classrooms today can be problematic (Theobald, 2009). Education in most classrooms today is what Dewey would have described as a traditional classroom setting. He believed that traditional classroom settings were not developmentally appropriate for young learners (Dewey, 1938). Although schools, classrooms, and programs that support Dewey’s theories are harder to find in this era of testing, there are some that still do exist. This paper will explore Responsive Classroom, Montessori Schools, Place-Based Education, and Philosophy for Children (P4C), all of which incorporate the theories of John Dewey into their curricular concepts

The Art of rokusho

None provided

Linguistically Based Spelling Analysis and its Relation to Early School Literacy Success

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to 1) examine the sensitivity of a linguistically based spelling analysis compared that to an all-or-none traditional scoring system when determining spelling ability, and 2) determine how these scoring systems relate to young school-age children’s language and reading success. Significance. Spelling is a language or linguistically-based skill (Apel & Masterson, 2001; Bear, Invernizzi, Templeton, & Johnston, 2004; Ehri, 2000; Henderson, 1990; Moats, 2009; Treiman, Cassar, & Zukowski, 1994), and the awareness of sounds in words (phonological awareness), knowledge of the spelling patterns in words (orthographic knowledge), understanding of relationships among base words and their inflectional and derivational forms (morphological awareness), all influence not only spelling acquisition but also vocabulary, reading decoding, reading comprehension, and writing development (Berninger, Abbott, Abbott, Graham, & Richards, 2002; Bourassa & Treiman, 2001; Graham & Harris, 2005). Thus assessment practices that consider all linguistic foundational areas may be more sensitive to overall literacy abilities. Methods. First grade children completed an age-level dictated spelling test and a battery and language and literacy measures. These spelling results were scored according to a linguistically based method (Wolter, 2015) and a traditional all-or-none didactic scoring system. These task results were then examined for sensitivity and range of performance and correlated to language and literacy performance. It was hypothesized that the linguistic analysis will be more sensitive to range of performance and thus be more closely related to and indicative of language and literacy success. Results, future research directions and clinical implications are discussed

Back to the Future – Pastoral Land Use in a Forest Land – Sustainability Challenges for the 21\u3csup\u3est\u3c/sup\u3e Century

To contribute meaningfully to a session entitled “Deforestation” with a proposed paper title of “Trees in Pastoral Zones; Landuse Standards in the 21st Century” necessitates I carefully define the scope of my contribution. My paper will draw on my experiences as an ecologist working in the pastoral lands of New Zealand in roles that have led me to delve increasingly into what constitutes sustainability (of people, land and economy) for a tiny multicultural nation maturing amidst the remnants of a unique Gondwanaland ecosystem. As New Zealand’s Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment (PCE) I now examine a very wide range of issues associated with the New Zealand environment and its management. I will therefore approach the topic of deforestation by focusing almost exclusively on the New Zealand story; a story of a forested land that has had the most rapid conversion to pasture of any such land on this planet so the focus will be not on trees in a pastoral zone but on pasture in a formerly forested land. I will draw on some of my current work as PCE, with a focus on our history, tends and emerging themes