47 research outputs found
Russian nationally-biased units in the sphere of transportation in German travel notes of the XIX century
The article considers words reflecting nationally-biased units in the sphere of transportation (in Russia in XIX c.) basing on German travel notes: means of transportation, people connected with the organization of cabbing, travel documents, etc. Methods to introduce these Russian words into German texts and their functions are investigated
Modern approaches to digital product development in the conditions of market variability
Currently, the interest in design thinking in the world has made it possible to add many techniques and visual schemes that can solve various kinds of problems, including for building a strategy to achieve the companyβs goals, its corporate spirit and the development of creative skills of its employees. Already today, it is possible to call the merit of design thinking the shift of emphasis in corporate goals to customer orientation, to the mobilization of collective intelligence to solve problems, to understanding the importance of empathy, creativity and entrepreneurship. A comparative analysis of existing design thinking frameworks is given, including from researchers of companies and design centers such as Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford University (d.school), The HPI-Stanford Design Thinking Research Program, Stanford d.schoolβs Design Thinking framework (IDEO), Google, Intel. Frameworks structure the process of design thinking in 5-6 phases: from empathy, when the needs and requests of consumers are studied, to testing an innovative product or service being created. The place of βdesign thinkingβ approach in the general concept of human-centered design is shown. The task of design thinking, the development of innovative products or services focused on human needs, is to provide a solution to a specific problem of a certain target audience. The paper outlines the principles of designing a digital innovative product. The five steps of designing a new product are described and the features of using various visualization techniques are given. The study uses such tools as the βPersonaβ model, Job Stories and User Stories frameworks. The creating process features of an innovative product based on the integration of design thinking, Lean Startup methodology and the theory of Jobs to Be Done are described. The life cycle of the innovation development βCreation β Evaluation β Trainingβ is presented which is based on the process of validated learning. Changes in the outline of the business model in the lean startup methodology are presented. New segments have been added to the Lean Canvas business model β βKey Partnersβ, βKey Activitiesβ, βKey Resourcesβ, βConsumer Relationsβ
Π Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·Π° (ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ)
Treating dyspnea in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a challenge. The foreign experience of using low doses of opioids to relieve dyspnea in patients with progressing diseases is controversial among Russian specialists. The presented clinical case is an 83-year-old patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the terminal stage and refractory dyspnea, progressive respiratory failure of II - III degrees, and concomitant exertional angina II FC and organic anxiety disorder. The patient was offered low-dose morphine injections (2 mg 5 times a day subcutaneously) to relieve the shortness of breath. The patient, who had not previously received opioids, and his relatives gave prior consent to the use of morphine. Within a week from the moment of hospitalization, the general and psycho-emotional state of the patient improved, dyspnea decreased, and night sleep was partially normalized. However, Π° week later, being in a severe but relatively stable condition, the patient died from a massive nosebleed. Shown, that the traditional approach to reducing dyspnea and the associated agitation in patients with interstitial lung disease is the use of corticosteroids and psychotropic therapeutics in increasing doses. The use of low doses of opioids to relieve dyspnea in patients with non-cancer disease meets many organizational, medical, and psychological barriers. At the same time, this therapy is recognized as successful and safe in the foreign palliative practice. Overcoming the existing barriers based on the evidence from clinical trials, as well as the domestic and foreign clinical practice of the safe use of low doses of opioids would expand the arsenal of effective treatments for refractory dyspnea.ΠΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ (ΠΠΠ€) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ· ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° 83 Π»Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΠΠ€ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ IIβIII ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ II ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ (ΠΏΠΎ 2 ΠΌΠ³ 5 ΡΠ°Π· Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ). ΠΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π» ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°. Π ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 1 Π½Π΅Π΄. Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 1 Π½Π΅Π΄., Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π»ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. Π ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ· ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ Π±Ρ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°Π»Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠΈ