Effect of the dispersion of the chromophore on the optical performances of polarizers from polyethylene and 5”-thio-(3-butyl)nonyl-2,2’:5’,2”-terthiophene

A new polyethylene-compatible terthiophene chromophore, 5"-thio-(3-butyl) nonyl-2,2':5',2"-terthiophene, with melting point lower than 0degreesC was prepared and used for linear polarizers based on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy indicate that the new chromophore is dispersed uniformly in films of UHMWPE obtained by casting from solution. The films show excellent dichroic properties (dichroic ratio 30) at rather low drawing ratio (approximate to20). Moreover, qualitative agreement is observed with the Ward pseudo-affine deformation schem

LST-R: A method for assessing land surface temperature reduction in urban, hot and semi-arid Global South

Over the next 30 years, temperatures are expected to increase in hot semi-arid zones. Despite increasing studies on urban heat, cooling measures suitable for this climate zone remain poorly investigated. The proposed method is innovative because it focuses on significant landscape metrics for determining the land surface temperature (LST) and evaluating cooling measures. Recurrence of warm spells was identified analysing the daily air temperatures. Daytime and night-time LST data acquired from space were correlated with landscape metrics extracted from very high-resolution satellite imagery. Stepwise linear regression was used to identify the significant metrics that affected it. Cooling measures were selected considering implementation leeway; performance of existing measures; strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, equity analyses. Although the method was tested in Niamey, Niger, it can be applied to any city or town in hot semi-arid Global South, requiring decision-making support on cooling policies. • Landscape metrics are consistent with development standard and general requirements • Evaluation of measures to reduce land surface temperature includes experts’ advice • Equity of measures to reduce land surface temperature is considere

Technical developments for computed tomography on the CENBG nanobeam line

The use of ion microbeams as probes for computedtomography has proven to be a powerful tool for the three-dimensional characterization of specimens a few tens of micrometers in size. Compared to other types of probes, the main advantage is that quantitative information about mass density and composition can be obtained directly, using specific reconstruction codes. At the Centre d’Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), this technique was initially developed for applications in cellular biology. However, the observation of the cell ultrastructure requires a sub-micron resolution. The construction of the nanobeamline at the Applications Interdisciplinaires des Faisceaux d’Ions en Region Aquitaine (AIFIRA) irradiation facility has opened new perspectives for such applications. The implementation of computedtomography on the nanobeamline of CENBG has required a careful design of the analysis chamber, especially microscopes for precise sample visualization, and detectors for scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM) and for particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The sample can be precisely positioned in the three directions X, Y, Z and a stepper motor coupled to a goniometer ensures the rotational motion. First images of 3D tomography were obtained on a reference sample containing microspheres of certified diameter, showing the good stability of the beam and the sample stage, and the precision of the motion

Fluorescence‐based bowel anastomosis perfusion evaluation: results from the IHU‐IRCAD‐EAES EURO‐FIGS registry

Background Anastomotic leakage (AL) is one of the dreaded complications following surgery in the digestive tract. Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging is a means to intraoperatively visualize anastomotic perfusion, facilitating fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS) with the purpose to reduce the incidence of AL. The aim of this study was to analyze the current practices and results of NIRF imaging of the anastomosis in digestive tract surgery through the EURO-FIGS registry. Methods Analysis of data prospectively collected by the registry members provided patient and procedural data along with the ICG dose, timing, and consequences of NIRF imaging. Among the included upper-GI, colorectal, and bariatric surgeries, subgroup analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with complications. Results A total of 1240 patients were included in the study. The included patients, 74.8% of whom were operated on for cancer, originated from 8 European countries and 30 hospitals. A total of 54 surgeons performed the procedures. In 83.8% of cases, a pre-anastomotic ICG dose was administered, and in 60.1% of cases, a post-anastomotic ICG dose was administered. A significant difference (p < 0.001) was found in the ICG dose given in the four pathology groups registered (range: 0.013–0.89 mg/kg) and a significant (p < 0.001) negative correlation was found between the ICG dose and BMI. In 27.3% of the procedures, the choice of the anastomotic level was guided by means of NIRF imaging which means that in these cases NIRF imaging changed the level of anastomosis which was first decided based on visual findings in conventional white light imaging. In 98.7% of the procedures, the use of ICG partly or strongly provided a sense of confidence about the anastomosis. A total of 133 complications occurred, without any statistical significance in the incidence of complications in the anastomoses, whether they were ICG-guided or not. Conclusion The EURO-FIGS registry provides an insight into the current clinical practice across Europe with respect to NIRF imaging of anastomotic perfusion during digestive tract surgery

Sitio Piloto Ecotono Fueguino

El programa nacional “Observatorio Nacional de Degradación de Tierras y Desertificación”, creado en 2012 por CONICET y la Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación, estableció 17 sitios pilotos en diferentes zonas del país. Un sitio piloto es un territorio en el que se identifican problemas de degradación de los recursos naturales y la actividad socio-económica, teniendo en cuenta el contexto histórico del uso de la tierra, sus consecuencias y las posibles respuestas y acciones de reparación. Se analizan y El programa nacional “Observatorio Nacional de Degradación de Tierras y Desertificación”, creado en 2012 por CONICET y la Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación, estableció 17 sitios pilotos en diferentes zonas del país. Un sitio piloto es un territorio en el que se identifican problemas de degradación de los recursos naturales y la actividad socio-económica, teniendo en cuenta el contexto histórico del uso de la tierra, sus consecuencias y las posibles respuestas y acciones de reparación. Se analizan y El programa nacional “Observatorio Nacional de Degradación de Tierras y Desertificación”, creado en 2012 por CONICET y la Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación, estableció 17 sitios pilotos en diferentes zonas del país. Un sitio piloto es un territorio en el que se identifican problemas de degradación de los recursos naturales y la actividad socio-económica, teniendo en cuenta el contexto histórico del uso de la tierra, sus consecuencias y las posibles respuestas y acciones de reparación. Se analizan y evalúan los aspectos naturales, sociales, económicos e institucionales.Fil: Coronato, Andrea Maria Josefa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; ArgentinaFil: Moretto, Alicia Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; ArgentinaFil: Escobar, Julio Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin

The differential growth inhibition of Phytophthora spp. caused by the rare sugar tagatose is associated with species-specific metabolic and transcriptional changes

Tagatose is a rare sugar with no negative impacts on human health and selective inhibitory effects on plant-associated microorganisms. Tagatose inhibited mycelial growth and negatively affected mitochondrial processes in Phytophthora infestans, but not in Phytophthora cinnamomi. The aim of this study was to elucidate metabolic changes and transcriptional reprogramming activated by P. infestans and P. cinnamomi in response to tagatose, in order to clarify the differential inhibitory mechanisms of tagatose and the species-specific reactions to this rare sugar. Phytophthora infestans and P. cinnamomi activated distinct metabolic and transcriptional changes in response to the rare sugar. Tagatose negatively affected mycelial growth, sugar content and amino acid content in P. infestans with a severe transcriptional reprogramming that included the downregulation of genes involved in transport, sugar metabolism, signal transduction, and growth-related process. Conversely, tagatose incubation upregulated genes related to transport, energy metabolism, sugar metabolism and oxidative stress in P. cinnamomi with no negative effects on mycelial growth, sugar content and amino acid content. Differential inhibitory effects of tagatose on Phytophthora spp. were associated with an attempted reaction of P. infestans, which was not sufficient to attenuate the negative impacts of the rare sugar and with an efficient response of P. cinnamomi with the reprogramming of multiple metabolic processes, such as genes related to glucose transport, pentose metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, reactive oxygen species detoxification, mitochondrial and alternative respiration processes. Knowledge on the differential response of Phytophthora spp. to tagatose represent a step forward in the understanding functional roles of rare sugars

Decomposition of Nothofagus pumilio in Tierra del Fuego forests affected by forest management practices

Los bosques de lenga de Tierra del Fuego son aprovechados forestalmente, uno de los métodos más usados es la corta de protección (CP). El objetivo fue evaluar la descomposición de hojarasca en bosques de lenga intervenidos con CP de Tierra del Fuego. Se consideraron tres situaciones: área intervenida propiamente dicha (CP), área de acopio cercana (Ca) y bosque primario sin intervención (BP) a través del ciclo de manejo (1, 5-10 y más de 50 años después del aprovechamiento). Se instalaron bolsitas de descomposición, y luego de 21 meses, los sitios de más de 50 años fueron los que presentaron mayor descomposición. Este efecto de la edad desde la intervención se evidenció durante todas las cosechas evaluadas (3, 9, 15 y 21 meses). Por el contrario, el tipo de intervención sólo presentó un efecto significativo al comienzo de la descomposición, siendo mayor la descomposición en sitios intervenidos (CP y Ca). Estos resultados sugieren que el proceso de descomposición es afectado por la intervención del bosque, tanto por el efecto inmediato de la intervención que podría estar afectando los compuestos que presentan una rápida liberación, como por el efecto a más largo plazo visto a través de los años transcurridos desde la intervención.Fil: Mansilla, Paula Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientificas; Argentina;Fil: Pancotto, Veronica Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientificas; Argentina;Fil: Moretto, Alicia Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientificas; Argentina;Fil: Vrsalovic, Jazmin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientificas; Argentina;Fil: Escobar, Julio Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientificas; Argentina;Fil: Oro Castro, Natalia Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientificas; Argentina;Fil: Lencinas, María Vanessa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientificas; Argentina