CIENTIFIC, EDUCATIONAL AND LUDIC POTENCIALITIES OF THE GEOLOGICAL RECORDS PRESENT IN THE ANHANGUERA MUNICIPAL PARK, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

O Parque Municipal Anhanguera dista 30 km a NW do marco referencial geográfico zero do município de São Paulo e, com uma extensão de 950 hectares, representa a maior área verde preservada de uso público da cidade. Com base na interpretação de imagens de satélite e no levantamento dos registros geológicos foram identificados sítios que exemplificam, de maneira clara e objetiva, diversos processos e ambientes geológicos formadores de rochas. Uma avaliação pormenorizada desses afloramentos permitiu a caracterização de vários tipos de rochas metamórficas e estruturas tectônicas com elevada potencialidade científica, educacional e lúdica. A integração dos resultados aqui reunidos com os novos preceitos da conservação ambiental deve tornar possível a implementação de um plano de manejo estratégico, visando uma ação efetiva de ordenamento e gestão, para que os recursos naturais presentes no parque possam ser preservados e aproveitados de maneira mais ampla pela comunidade em geral.O Parque Municipal Anhanguera dista 30 km a NW do marco referencial geográfico zero do município de São Paulo e, com uma extensão de 950 hectares, representa a maior área verde preservada de uso público da cidade. Com base na interpretação de imagens de satélite e no levantamento dos registros geológicos foram identificados sítios que exemplificam, de maneira clara e objetiva, diversos processos e ambientes geológicos formadores de rochas. Uma avaliação pormenorizada desses afloramentos permitiu a caracterização de vários tipos de rochas metamórficas e estruturas tectônicas com elevada potencialidade científica, educacional e lúdica. A integração dos resultados aqui reunidos com os novos preceitos da conservação ambiental deve tornar possível a implementação de um plano de manejo estratégico, visando uma ação efetiva de ordenamento e gestão, para que os recursos naturais presentes no parque possam ser preservados e aproveitados de maneira mais ampla pela comunidade em geral.With a total of 950 hectares, the Anhanguera Municipal Park is distant 30 km to the NW from the São Paulo city centre and represents the largest protected green area of public use of the city. Based on the interpretation of remote sensing images and the survey of geological records were identified sites that exemplify in a clear and objective manner the multiple environments and geological processes in which the rocks are formed. A comprehensive analysis of these outcrops allowed the characterisation of various types of metamorphic rocks and tectonic structures with high scientific, educational and ludic potentiality. The integration of the results gathered here with the new precepts of environmental conservation may make possible the implementation of a strategic management plan, so that the natural resources present in the park can be preserved and used in a wide manner by the community in general

DEVISING STRATEGIES FOR RECLAMATION OF DERELICT SITES DUE TO MINING OF RESIDUAL SOIL (“SAIBRO”) AT UBATUBA, NORTH COAST OF SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL: THE VIEWS AND ROLES OF THE STAKEHOLDERS

Between the late 60's and early 90's intensive exploitation of residual soil for civil construction took place in the municipality of Ubatuba, North Coast of São Paulo State. Tropical climatic conditions associated with a hilly landscape bordered by the Atlantic Ocean gave rise to thick (10-30m) weathering profiles derived from Precambrian granitic-gneissic rocks. Exploitation of large volumes of this material required only very simple technology, which on the other hand has caused highly adverse environmental impacts, such asdeforestation, soil erosion, land instability hazards, scenic eterioration, pollution and disturbance of local water flow regime. This paper deals with the devising of strategies thus identifying stakeholders and describing their roles both on the dereliction and reclamation processes related with residual soil exploitation. The evaluation approach focused on the analysis of the regulatory framework and its practical implications and issues in terms of licensing for mining operations, commercialization of construction materials, and the relations of such mining activities with regional and urban planning. A survey of stakeholderviewpoints was successfully achieved through a two-day workshop. The attendance included decision-makers, officials and representatives of governmental and regulatory bodies (Federal, State and Municipal), environmental research institutions, private miners (entrepreneurs) and consultants, public attorney, and NGOs. The outcomes have ndicated that State and local authorities properly managed to stop illegal exploitation of residual soil in the early 90´s. However no land reclamation was undertaken until present. One of the main problems would be related with the procedures for mining and environmental licensing that were considered to be too complex and long (usually involving up to seven decisional instances and 2,5 years in average). Other key issues and needs identified included: a)organization of a database in a Geographic Information System; b) formulation of a Regional Mining Directive Plan consonant with the other Management Plans; c) regulation of land ownership; d) regulatory framework able to reconcile development and preservation so that to prevent illegal mining; e) development of integrated models for reclamation taking comprehensive consideration to aggregate production, reduction of risks and land recovering

Riscos e vulnerabilidades: teoria e prática no contexto Luso-Brasileiro

O livro apresenta os resultados mais relevantes das atividades realizadas dentro do Programa de Pesquisa sobre Mudanças Climáticas Globais, patrocinado pela Fapesp e relacionado a estudos de impactos, vulnerabilidades e variabilidades nas mudanças do clima no estado de São Paulo e região sudeste do Brasil. Tais experiências têm sido discutidas e desenvolvidas com grupos de pesquisa de Portugal, que dão ao trabalho um caráter mais abrangente e internacional. O Brasil vem estudando já há algum tempo impactos das mudanças no clima que possam servir como base para estratégias de adaptação e para análises de vulnerabilidade diante das ameaças climáticas. O projeto da Fapesp tem, especificamente, a missão de produzir estudos de detecção e traçar cenários climáticos futuros, com metodologias que possam ser aplicadas em todo o Brasil. Essa metodologia leva em conta uma combinação de dados do clima (observações e projeções derivadas de modelos climáticos) com base em informações ambientais, geográficas, geofísicas e sociais. A ênfase está nos extremos climáticos e nos seus impactos sobre os recursos hídricos, assim como no planejamento com vista a minimizar os desastres naturais de origem meteorológica, que de alguns anos para cá têm se disseminado pelo paí

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)