Biología de peridroma saucia (lepidoptera: noctuidae: noctuinae) en flores cultivadas del híbrido comercial de alstroemeria spp.

Peridroma saucia ocasiona graves daños a los cultivos de flores de exportación en Colombia. Su manejo integrado requiere información básica y local sobre su biología. En este trabajo se lleva a cabo el seguimiento de su ciclo de vida en plantas de astromelia bajo dos tipos de condiciones de temperatura (ºC) y humedad relativa (HR), controladas en fitotrón (23,72 ºC y 82,93 % HR) y en invernadero (17,72 ºC y 65,26 % HR). Asimismo se describen los diferentes estados de desarrollo de la especie y algunos de sus aspectos etológicos. Los periodos de duración en días respectivamente para fitotrón e invernadero son: huevo 5 y 8 días, larva, 25,1 +/- 1,34 y 41,26 +/- 1,88, pupa 15 +/- 1,66 y 29,7 +/- 2,01, adulto 18,6 días (rango 20) para la hembra y 14,69 (rango 14) para el macho (ambos en invernadero); el ciclo total en invernadero abarca una duración de 97,56 días para las hembras, y para los machos 93,65. La especie presenta seis ínstares larvales bajo las dos condiciones ambientales consideradas. El factor de crecimiento de las cápsulas cefálicas es de 0,6 en cada uno de los ínstares. En este estudio también se registran las dimensiones de longitud y amplitud de las larvas en cada uno de sus ínstares

Biología de copitarsia decolora (lepidoptera: noctuidae: cuculliinae), en flores cultivadas del híbrido comercial de alstroemeria spp.

Copitarsia decolora Guenée es considerada una plaga en cultivos de flores de exportación. Su manejo integrado requiere información básica y local sobre su biología. En el presente trabajo se adelantan estudios de seguimiento de su ciclo de vida en plantas de astromelia bajo dos tipos de condiciones de temperatura (ºC) y humedad relativa (HR): 23,72 ºC y 82,93 % HR controladas en un fitotrón y 17,72 ºC y 65,26 % HR en invernadero. Asi mismo se describen los diferentes estados de desarrollo de la plaga y algunos de sus aspectos etológicos. Los periodos de duración en días respectivamente para fitotrón e invernadero son: huevo 4 y 6, larva 17,23 ± 0,48 y 35,10 ± 5,37, pupa 15,4 ± 0,49 y 21 ± 1,85, adulto hembra 12,67 ± 5,6 y 18,44 (rango 13), machos 12,56 ± 4,54 y 15 (rango 11). En total el ciclo de vida tiene una duración de 49.23 y 80,54 días para hembras y 49,19 y 77,1 días para machos. Bajo las condiciones del estudio la especie presenta cinco ínstares larvales. El factor de crecimiento de las cápsulas cefálicas es de 0,6 en cada uno de los ínstares. En este estudio también se registran las dimensiones de longitud y amplitud de las larvas en cada uno de sus ínstares

Link between cognitive polygenic risk scores and clinical progression after a first-psychotic episode

Background Clinical intervention in early stages of psychotic disorders is crucial for the prevention of severe symptomatology trajectories and poor outcomes. Genetic variability is studied as a promising modulator of prognosis, thus novel approaches considering the polygenic nature of these complex phenotypes are required to unravel the mechanisms underlying the early progression of the disorder. Methods The sample comprised of 233 first-episode psychosis (FEP) subjects with clinical and cognitive data assessed periodically for a 2-year period and 150 matched controls. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, education attainment and cognitive performance were used to assess the genetic risk of FEP and to characterize their association with premorbid, baseline and progression of clinical and cognitive status. Results Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and cognitive performance PRSs were associated with an increased risk of FEP [false discovery rate (FDR) ⩽ 0.027]. In FEP patients, increased cognitive PRSs were found for FEP patients with more cognitive reserve (FDR ⩽ 0.037). PRSs reflecting a genetic liability for improved cognition were associated with a better course of symptoms, functionality and working memory (FDR ⩽ 0.039). Moreover, the PRS of depression was associated with a worse trajectory of the executive function and the general cognitive status (FDR ⩽ 0.001). Conclusions Our study provides novel evidence of the polygenic bases of psychosis and its clinical manifestation in its first stage. The consistent effect of cognitive PRSs on the early clinical progression suggests that the mechanisms underlying the psychotic episode and its severity could be partially independent

Link between cognitive polygenic risk scores and clinical progression after a first-psychotic episode

Background: Clinical intervention in early stages of psychotic disorders is crucial for the prevention of severe symptomatology trajectories and poor outcomes. Genetic variability is studied as a promising modulator of prognosis, thus novel approaches considering the polygenic nature of these complex phenotypes are required to unravel the mechanisms underlying the early progression of the disorder. Methods: The sample comprised of 233 first-episode psychosis (FEP) subjects with clinical and cognitive data assessed periodically for a 2-year period and 150 matched controls. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, education attainment and cognitive performance were used to assess the genetic risk of FEP and to characterize their association with premorbid, baseline and progression of clinical and cognitive status. Results: Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and cognitive performance PRSs were associated with an increased risk of FEP [false discovery rate (FDR) ⩽ 0.027]. In FEP patients, increased cognitive PRSs were found for FEP patients with more cognitive reserve (FDR ⩽ 0.037). PRSs reflecting a genetic liability for improved cognition were associated with a better course of symptoms, functionality and working memory (FDR ⩽ 0.039). Moreover, the PRS of depression was associated with a worse trajectory of the executive function and the general cognitive status (FDR ⩽ 0.001). Conclusions: Our study provides novel evidence of the polygenic bases of psychosis and its clinical manifestation in its first stage. The consistent effect of cognitive PRSs on the early clinical progression suggests that the mechanisms underlying the psychotic episode and its severity could be partially independent

Allergic inflammation triggers dyslipidemia via IgG signalling

Allergic diseases begin early in life and are often chronic, thus creating an inflammatory environment that may lead to metabolic disorders, although the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that allergic inflammation induces diet-independent dyslipidemia in a mouse model of allergy and atherosclerosis. Using untargeted lipidomics in mouse plasma, we found that allergic inflammation induces a unique lipid signature that extends beyond acute and late inflammation and that is characterized by triglyceride (TG) changes in circulation. Alterations in blood TGs following an allergic reaction are independent of T-cell-driven late phase inflammation. On the contrary, the humoral component is sufficient to induce a TG increase and a unique lipid profile through the IgG-mediated alternative pathway of anaphylaxis. Lastly, we demonstrated blood TG changes in patients after undergoing an allergic reaction. Overall, this study reveals the importance of IgG-mediated allergic inflammation insofar as it regulates lipid metabolism, which may contribute to atherosclerosis and, ultimately, to cardiovascular events.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Allergic inflammation triggers dyslipidemia via IgG signalling

Background: Allergic diseases begin early in life and are often chronic, thus creating an inflammatory environment that may precede or exacerbate other pathologies. In this regard, allergy has been associated to metabolic disorders and with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Methods: We used a murine model of allergy and atherosclerosis, different diets and sensitization methods, and cell-depleting strategies to ascertain the contribution of acute and late phase inflammation to dyslipidemia. Untargeted lipidomic analyses were applied to define the lipid fingerprint of allergic inflammation at different phases of allergic pathology. Expression of genes related to lipid metabolism was assessed in liver and adipose tissue at different times post-allergen challenge. Also, changes in serum triglycerides (TGs) were evaluated in a group of 59 patients ≥14 days after the onset of an allergic reaction. Results: We found that allergic inflammation induces a unique lipid signature that is characterized by increased serum TGs and changes in the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue. Alterations in blood TGs following an allergic reaction are independent of T-cell-driven late phase inflammation. On the contrary, the IgG-mediated alternative pathway of anaphylaxis is sufficient to induce a TG increase and a unique lipid profile. Lastly, we demonstrated an increase in serum TGs in 59 patients after undergoing an allergic reaction. Conclusion: Overall, this study reveals that IgG-mediated allergic inflammation regulates lipid metabolism.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Risk factors for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: an international matched case-control-control study (EURECA)

Cases were patients with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), complicated intraabdominal (cIAI), pneumonia or bacteraemia from other sources (BSI-OS) due to CRE; control groups were patients with infection caused by carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE), and by non-infected patients, respectively. Matching criteria included type of infection for CSE group, ward and duration of hospital admission. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. Findings Overall, 235 CRE case patients, 235 CSE controls and 705 non-infected controls were included. The CRE infections were cUTI (133, 56.7%), pneumonia (44, 18.7%), cIAI and BSI-OS (29, 12.3% each). Carbapenemase genes were found in 228 isolates: OXA-48/like, 112 (47.6%), KPC, 84 (35.7%), and metallo-beta-lactamases, 44 (18.7%); 13 produced two. The risk factors for CRE infection in both type of controls were (adjusted OR for CSE controls; 95% CI; p value) previous colonisation/infection by CRE (6.94; 2.74-15.53; <0.001), urinary catheter (1.78; 1.03-3.07; 0.038) and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics, as categorical (2.20; 1.25-3.88; 0.006) and time-dependent (1.04 per day; 1.00-1.07; 0.014); chronic renal failure (2.81; 1.40-5.64; 0.004) and admission from home (0.44; 0.23-0.85; 0.014) were significant only for CSE controls. Subgroup analyses provided similar results. Interpretation The main risk factors for CRE infections in hospitals with high incidence included previous coloni-zation, urinary catheter and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics

Influence of clinical and neurocognitive factors in psychosocial functioning after a first episode non-affective psychosis: differences between males and females

BackgroundDeficits in psychosocial functioning are present in the early stages of psychosis. Several factors, such as premorbid adjustment, neurocognitive performance, and cognitive reserve (CR), potentially influence functionality. Sex differences are observed in individuals with psychosis in multiple domains. Nonetheless, few studies have explored the predictive factors of poor functioning according to sex in first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study aimed to explore sex differences, examine changes, and identify predictors of functioning according to sex after onset.Materials and methodsThe initial sample comprised 588 individuals. However, only adults with non-affective FEP (n = 247, 161 males and 86 females) and healthy controls (n = 224, 142 males and 82 females) were included. A comprehensive assessment including functional, neuropsychological, and clinical scales was performed at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. A linear regression model was used to determine the predictors of functioning at 2-year follow-up.ResultsFEP improved their functionality at follow-up (67.4% of both males and females). In males, longer duration of untreated psychosis (β = 0.328, p = 0.003) and worse premorbid adjustment (β = 0.256, p = 0.023) were associated with impaired functioning at 2-year follow-up, while in females processing speed (β = 0.403, p = 0.003), executive function (β = 0.299, p = 0.020) and CR (β = −0.307, p = 0.012) were significantly associated with functioning.ConclusionOur data indicate that predictors of functioning at 2-year follow-up in the FEP group differ according to sex. Therefore, treatment and preventative efforts may be adjusted taking sex into account. Males may benefit from functional remediation at early stages. Conversely, in females, early interventions centered on CR enhancement and cognitive rehabilitation may be recommended

BIOLOGÍA DE Peridroma saucia (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE: NOCTUINAE) EN FLORES CULTIVADAS DEL HÍBRIDO COMERCIAL DE Alstroemeria spp. BIOLOGY OF Peridroma saucia (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE: NOCTUINAE) ON FLOWERS OF THE COMMERCIAL HYBRID OF Alstroemeria spp.

Peridroma saucia ocasiona graves daños a los cultivos de flores de exportación en Colombia. Su manejo integrado requiere información básica y local sobre su biología. En este trabajo se lleva a cabo el seguimiento de su ciclo de vida en plantas de astromelia bajo dos tipos de condiciones de temperatura (ºC) y humedad relativa (HR), controladas en fitotrón ( 23,72 ºC y 82,93 % HR) y en invernadero ( 17,72 ºC y 65,26 % HR). Asimismo se describen los diferentes estados de desarrollo de la especie y algunos de sus aspectos etológicos. Los periodos de duración en días respectivamente para fitotrón e invernadero son: huevo 5 y 8 días, larva, 25,1 +/- 1,34 y 41,26 +/- 1,88, pupa 15 +/- 1,66 y 29,7 +/- 2,01, adulto 18,6 días (rango 20) para la hembra y 14,69 (rango 14) para el macho (ambos en invernadero); el ciclo total en invernadero abarca una duración de 97,56 días para las hembras, y para los machos 93,65. La especie presenta seis ínstares larvales bajo las dos condiciones ambientales consideradas. El factor de crecimiento de las cápsulas cefálicas es de 0,6 en cada uno de los ínstares. En este estudio también se registran las dimensiones de longitud y amplitud de las larvas en cada uno de sus ínstares.Peridroma saucia is an harmful pest of flowers cut for exportation from Colombia . Its integrated management requires basic local information about its biology. In the present work its life cycle on Alstroemeria spp was followed under two different temperature (°C) and relative humidity (RH) environments: the conditions 23,.72 ºC and 82,93 % HR were maintained in a phitotron and those of 17,72 ºC and 65,26 % RH were maintained in a greenhouse. Likewise, we describe the different developmental stages of the pest as well as some behavioral aspects. The duration of the periods in days for the phitotron and greenhouse were respectively: eggs 5 and 8 days, larva 25,.1 +/- 1,34 and 41,26 +/- 1,88 days, pupa 15 +/- 1.66 and 29,7 +/- 2,.01 days, adults 18,6 days (range of 20) for females and 14,69 days (range of 14) for males (both in the greenhouse); the total cycle in the greenhouse required 97,56 days for females, and 93,65 days for males. The species presented six larval instars under both of the environmental conditions. A 0,6 growthcephalic factor was found for each one of the larval instars. This study also registered length and width dimensions of the larvae within each instars

Más mujeres, más democracia: una lectura del imaginario de la participación y género a partir de los resultados electorales en cinco departamentos en Colombia 2007

El proyecto Más Mujeres, Más Democracia: Nuevas ideas para las elecciones de 2007 constituye en si mismo una iniciativa de un grupo de profesionales vinculados a la Corporación Acción Ciudadana Colombia –AC-Colombia y al Movimiento Conciencia motivados por el interés de promover un ejercicio de deliberación pública sobre la participación política y género a propósito de las elecciones territoriales de 2007. Los resultados de las elecciones del 28 de octubre de 2007 corroboran los supuestos iniciales que dieron origen a esta iniciativa. Razones de orden institucional, individual y cultural parecen explicar la baja participación política de las mujeres en Colombia: en el primero, a pesar de la existencia un marco regulador, aún falta voluntad política para impulsarla como se evidencia en la baja canalización de los intereses y expectativas de la participación política de las mujeres por parte de los partidos políticos; así mismo en el bajo perfil asignado a los programas gubernamentales para la promoción de la participación política con equidad de género. En el segundo, existe un sentimiento de baja eficacia política por parte de las mujeres así como un desinterés por estos temas, sumado al desconocimiento de sus derechos y deberes. Por último, el desprestigio de la actividad política concebida como una actividad clientelita, cuyo rol ha sido asignado a los hombres, han determinado la baja representación política de las mujeres en cargos de elección popular. Los foros de deliberación realizados en las ciudades de Ibagué, Montería, Pereira, Tunja, y Villavicencio puntualizaron sobre muchos de los aspectos que son analizados en el texto central de esta publicación, que documenta con datos estadísticos las realidades sociales, económicas y demográficas de las mujeres colombianas, así como los resultados electorales en sus respectivos departamentos. La realización de los foros de deliberación pública desarrollados en el marco del proyecto así como esta publicación, han sido posibles gracias al apoyo de la Fundación Konrad Adenauer –Colombia y a la participación activa de importantes sectores provenientes de la academia, del sector público y privado, de los partidos políticos, de los medios de comunicación y de sectores sociales y comunitarios que atendieron la convocatoria de nuestros socios locales en las ciudades de Ibagué, Montería, Pereira, Tunja, y Villavicencio, así como al importante aporte de César Caballero R., quien accedió muy amablemente a procesar y a analizar los resultados electores de las pasadas elecciones territoriales