Los agentes del sector de la salud en Colombia y su responsabilidad en la sostenibilidad financiera

Actualmente el Sistema de Salud Colombiano pasa por una de sus peores crisis Financieras -- Este trabajo se aparta de la visión general que responsabiliza al gobierno y al modelo de aseguramiento como los principales culpables de la crisis, y entra a valorar a través de la descripción de los agentes del sistema, la responsabilidad y el impacto que estos tienen en el funcionamiento del modelo -- Finalmente, se analiza el gasto en salud como porcentaje del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) y del gasto per cápita para determinar, si con estos recursos se puede cubrir el aseguramiento universal con servicios médicos de calida

Teledermatology before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic

La teledermatología ha avanzado en aceptación y uso en los últimos 2 meses de confinamiento por SARS-CoV-2 más que en los últimos 20 años. Su repentina popularidad –aun entre los más escépticos– ha sido el resultado de buscar una respuesta a las necesidades de los pacientes, que se han encontrado bruscamente sin atención dermatológica presencial tanto en lo privado como en lo público. Incluso aquellos servicios que incluían la modalidad asíncrona tuvieron que generar sistemas que permitieran la atención directa (direct-to-consumer) entre el especialista y el paciente. El siguiente artículo propone algunas maneras prácticas de implementación segura para agilizar y optimizar las consultas dermatológicas, aplicables no solamente a tiempos de pandemia.The use and acceptance of teledermatology increased more in the last 2 months of the recent lockdown owing to coronavirus disease 2019 than in the preceding 20 years. This sudden popularity –even among the greatest skeptics– was driven by the need to offer solutions to patients in both public and private settings who suddenly found themselves unable to access in-person dermatological care. Even departments already offering an asynchronous, store-and-forward teledermatology service were obliged to create new systems to support direct interaction between specialists and patients (the direct-to-consumer model). This article suggests some practical ways to implement TD safely and to expedite and optimize teleconsultations; these ideas are not just applicable to a pandemic situation

Una implementación computacional de un modelo de atención visual Bottom-up aplicado a escenas naturales

El modelo de atención visual bottom-up propuesto por Itti et al., 2000 [1], ha sido un modelo popular en tantoexhibe cierta evidencia neurobiológica de la visión en primates. Este trabajo complementa el modelo computacional de este fenómeno desde la dinámica realista de una red neuronal. Asimismo, esta aproximación se basa la prominencia de los objetos del campo visual para la formación de una representación general (mapa de prominencia), esta representación es la entrada de una red neuronal dinámica con interacciones locales y globales de colaboración y competencia que convergen sobre las principales particularidades (objetos) de la escena

Carbon nanospheres: A look from the synthesis method

ilustraciones, diagramas, fotografías a colorLas nanoesferas de carbono son un campo de exploración potencial, pues su formación y propiedades permiten encontrar en ellos soluciones o alternativas a problemáticas ambientales. Por su parte, las nanoesferas de carbono y su gran versatilidad en forma, textura y tamaño, son un material que posee características de uso potencial en la industrial y, pueden ser sintetizados a partir de diferentes métodos sin embargo, el método de carbonización hidrotermal (HTC por sus siglas en inglés, Hydrothermal Carbonization), es promisorio en términos económicos y ambientales, por su ventaja en el uso de reactivos, condiciones como temperatura, presión, tiempo de residencia y pH, generan cambios notorios en los materiales que, a partir de su estudio, pueden ser utilizados en la remoción de contaminantes, como catalizadores y otras aplicaciones. Finalmente, la biomasa ha demostrado tener buenos rendimientos en el proceso de síntesis de nanoesferas de carbono, pues, su contenido en agua es utilizado en el proceso de HTC, formando entonces una relación productiva y viable, entre la biomasa residual y el método HTC. Aquí se presenta una revisión del rendimiento de algunas biomasas y la caracterización de sus nanomateriales, con un propósito de resaltar el método HTC como una alternativa sostenible y promisoria. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Carbon nanospheres are a field of potential exploration since their formation and properties allow them to be used in solutions or alternatives to environmental problems. On the other hand, these nanospheres and their great versatility in shape, texture and size, are a material that has characteristics of potential use in industry and can be synthesized from different methods, however, the hydrothermal carbonization method (HTC), is promising in economic and environmental terms, due to its advantage in the use of reagents, conditions such as temperature, pressure, residence time and pH, generate notorious changes in the materials that, from their study, they can be used in the removal of contaminants, as catalysts and other applications. Finally, biomass has shown to have good yields in the carbon nanosphere synthesis process, since its water content is used in the HTC process, thus forming a productive and viable relationship between the residual biomass and the HTC method. Here we present a review of the performance of some biomasses and the characterization of their nanomaterials, with the purpose of highlighting the HTC method as a sustainable and promising alternativeMaestríaMateriales y energí

Interpretable Spectral Variational AutoEncoder (ISVAE) for time series clustering

The best encoding is the one that is interpretable in nature. In this work, we introduce a novel model that incorporates an interpretable bottleneck-termed the Filter Bank (FB)-at the outset of a Variational Autoencoder (VAE). This arrangement compels the VAE to attend on the most informative segments of the input signal, fostering the learning of a novel encoding ${f_0}$ which boasts enhanced interpretability and clusterability over traditional latent spaces. By deliberately constraining the VAE with this FB, we intentionally constrict its capacity to access broad input domain information, promoting the development of an encoding that is discernible, separable, and of reduced dimensionality. The evolutionary learning trajectory of ${f_0}$ further manifests as a dynamic hierarchical tree, offering profound insights into cluster similarities. Additionally, for handling intricate data configurations, we propose a tailored decoder structure that is symmetrically aligned with FB's architecture. Empirical evaluations highlight the superior efficacy of ISVAE, which compares favorably to state-of-the-art results in clustering metrics across real-world datasets

A simple CSP-based model for unmanned air vehicle mission planning

Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. C. Ramírez-Atencia, G. Bello-Orgaz, M. D. R.-Moreno, and D. Camacho, "A simple CSP-based model for Unmanned Air Vehicle Mission Planning", in 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Innovations in Intelligent Systems and Applications (INISTA) Proceedings, 2014, pp. 146 - 153The problem of Mission Planning for a large number of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) can be formulated as a Temporal Constraint Satisfaction Problem (TCSP). It consists on a set of locations that should visit in different time windows, and the actions that the vehicle can perform based on its features such as the payload, speed or fuel capacity. In this paper, a temporal constraint model is implemented and tested by performing Backtracking search in several missions where its complexity has been incrementally modified. The experimental phase consists on two different phases. On the one hand, several mission simulations containing (n) UAVs using different sensors and characteristics located in different waypoints, and (m) requested tasks varying mission priorities have been carried out. On the other hand, the second experimental phase uses a backtracking algorithm to look through the whole solutions space to measure the scalability of the problem. This scalability has been measured as a relation between the number of tasks to be performed in the mission and the number of UAVs needed to perform it.This work is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education under Project Code TIN2010-19872 and Savier Project (Airbus Defence & Space, FUAM-076915). The authors would like to acknowledge the support obtained from Airbus Defence & Space, specially from Savier Open Innovation project members: Jose Insenser, C ´ esar Castro and ´ Gemma Blasco

Branching to find feasible solutions in unmanned air vehicle mission planning

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10840-7_35Proceedings 15th International Conference, Salamanca, Spain, September 10-12, 2014.Mission Planning is a classical problem that has been traditionally studied in several cases from Robotics to Space missions. This kind of problems can be extremely difficult in real and dynamic scenarios. This paper provides a first analysis for mission planning to Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs), where sensors and other equipment of UAVs to perform a task are modelled based on Temporal Constraint Satisfaction Problems (TCSPs). In this model, a set of resources and temporal constraints are designed to represent the main characteristics (task time, fuel consumption, ...) of this kind of aircrafts. Using this simplified TCSP model, and a Branch and Bound (B&B) search algorithm, a set of feasible solutions will be found trying to minimize the fuel cost, flight time spent and the number of UAVs used in the mission. Finally, some experiments will be carried out to validate both the quality of the solutions found and the spent runtime to found them.This work is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education under Project Code TIN2010-19872 and Savier Project (Airbus Defence & Space, FUAM-076915)