Father involvement and marital relationship during transition to parenthood: Differences between dual and single-earner families

Research into the process of becoming mother or father shows very conclusively that this important life transition is accompanied by both a decrease in marital quality and a more traditional division of labour. In this paper these changes are analyzed with special emphasis on the relationships between them and exploring the role played in this process by the mother’s work status. Results showed a significant link between the development of marital quality and violated expectations regarding father involvement on childrearing. Dual-earner families were characterized by a specific pattern of changes, with greater stability than single-earner families in marital and parental roles during transition to parenthood and a significant role played by spouse support as a partner, but not as a parent.La investigación sobre el proceso de convertirse en madre o en padre muestra, de manera muy concluyente, que esta importante transición evolutiva suele estar caracterizada por un decremento en la calidad de la relación de pareja y por una tradicionalización en la división de las tareas dentro del hogar. En este artículo se analizan ambos tipos de cambios prestando especial atención a la relación entre los mismos, y se explora el papel que juega en ellos el hecho de que la mujer trabaje o no fuera del hogar. Los resultados indican que existe una importante relación entre el desarrollo de la relación de pareja y la violación de expectativas respecto a la implicación del padre en la crianza y el cuidado del bebé. Las parejas en las que ambos miembros trabajan fuera del hogar tienden a estar caracterizadas por una mayor estabilidad en los roles como pareja y como progenitores durante la transición, y por el significativo papel que en este proceso juega el apoyo del cónyuge como pareja y no como progenito

Diferencias en ansiedad y depresión ante la muerte según edad y sexo en una muestra de universitarios españoles

El propósito de este estudio era evaluar las diferencias en ansiedad y depresión ante la muerte relacionadas con la edad y el sexo en una muestra de universitarios españoles, según el modelo desarrollado por Templer (1970). Participaron 1172 estudiantes en diferentes universidades españolas, de edades comprendidas entre 17 y 28 años. El diseño del estudio fue transversal y el método descriptivo correlacional. Se aplicaron los instrumentos de medida DAS (Death Anxiety Scale) y DDS-R (Death Depression Scale). Se calculan medias y desviaciones típicas, ANOVA y prueba Scheffé. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas asociadas a sexo y edad en ansiedad y depresión ante la muerte, siguiendo un patrón decreciente en función de la edad y mostrando mayor prevalencia en mujeres. Finalmente, se reflexiona acerca de las consecuencias en el contexto de la formación universitaria.The purpose of this study wasto evaluate the differences in death anxiety and death depression related to age and sex in a sample of Spanish university students, according to the model developed by Templer (1970). 1172 students participated from different Spanish universities, aged between 17 and 28 years old. The study design was cross-sectional and the method was descriptive correlational. The DAS (Death Anxiety Scale) and DDS-R (Death Depression Scale) were applied. Means and typical deviations, ANOVA and Scheffé test are calculated. The results show significant differences associated with sex and age in death anxiety and death depression, so that those decrease according to age and are more pronounced in women. Finally, we reflect on the consequences in higher education.Educació

Equine infection with Leishmania spp. in Costa Rica: Study of five cases

Background: Cutaneous forms of leishmaniosis due to Leishmania braziliensis have been reported in horses in the New World. Domestic animals play a role in the transmission of the disease. In Costa Rica, human cases of L. braziliensis, L. panamensis and L. infantum have been reported. Objectives: The present report describes five cases of equine cutaneous leishmaniosis in Costa Rica. The aetiological diagnosis was based on the presence of the parasite within the lesions. Methods: Skin biopsies were used to perform histopathological analyses of the lesions. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the presence of the Leishmania spp. antigens in tissue sections. Laser-capture micro-dissection and quantitative real-time PCR techniques were carried out to detect the pathogen nucleic acid within the microscopic lesions. Results: Histopathological analyses showed a granulomatous inflammation within the dermis, with multi-nucleated giant cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and few neutrophils and eosinophils. We detected the parasite by immunohistochemistry, using a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against Leishmania spp. However, we could not identify Leishmania spp. by quantitative real-time PCR in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, using specific primers for the conserved region in the minicircle of the Leishmania DNA kinetoplast. Conclusions: Our results emphasise the importance of Leishmania spp. not only as a causative agent of equine cutaneous disease in the New World, but also as a possible emerging pathogen. Leishmaniosis is one of the most prevalent parasitic public health problems worldwide, and equines may have a role in the epidemiology of the disease.This study was supported by the Ayuntamiento de Madrid of the Comunidad de Madrid S2013/ABI-2747 (TAVS-CM) and by the Structural Funds of the European Union.S

Dental profile of a community of recovering drug addicts: biomedical aspects. Retrospective cohort study

Objectives: to obtain a biomedical oral profile of a community of adult drug addicts in treatment by analysing their dental health, with a view to determining whether the state of their oral health could be attributed primarily to their lifestyle and the direct consequences of drug abuse on their overall condition, rather than to the effects of the drugs used. Experimental Design: the study was conducted under the terms of an agreement between the Complutense University of Madrid's (UCM) Odontology Faculty and the City of Madrid's Substance Abuse Institute. Seventy drug addicts and 34 control group subjects were examined. The study assessed oral hygiene habits, systemic pathology, type of drugs used and the duration of use, oral pathology, oral health indices, risk of caries based on saliva tests, oral candidiasis and periodontal microbiology. Results: statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the test and control groups for practically all the variables analysed. In the drug users group, dental hygiene was wanting, systemic and oral pathology prevailed and the decayed/missing/filled teeth or surface (DMFT/S) indices denoted very poor buccodental health. The saliva tests showed a substantial risk of caries and candidiasis rates were high. By contrast, with a single exception, the microbiological studies detected no statistically significant difference between drug users and control groups periodontal flora. Conclusions: drug-dependent patients had poor oral health and a significant increase in oral pathology, essentially caries and periodontal disease. Their risk of caries was high and the presence of candidiasis was representative of their poor general and oral health. Drug users' poor buccodental condition was more closely related to lifestyle than to drug abuse itself

The meaning of life in spanish university students

Presentamos un estudio en el que se propone un perfil del Sentido de la Vida en jóvenes universitarios. En el estudio participaron 1172 estudiantes de diferentes universidades españolas (888 mujeres, 284 hombres). Con una edad comprendida entre los 17 y más de 23 años. Se aplicaron el instrumento PIL (Purpose in Life) para la medición del Sentido de la Vida y un cuestionario complementario.We present a study in which proposed a profile of Meaning in Life in universities students. In this study participated 1172 students from different Spanish universities (888 women, 284 men). With an age between 17 and 23 years. Were applied the PIL (Purpose in Life) instrument for measuring the Meaning of Life and an additional questionnaire.Psicologí

Unusual presentation celiac disease: vertigo and hearing loss

Se describe un paciente de 14 años que presenta un debut muy poco corriente de la enfermedad celíaca (vértigo e hipoacusia), sin ninguno de los síntomas “clásicos” de esta enfermedad. En adultos la clínica digestiva clásica puede no estar presente, siendo más frecuentes las manifestaciones extradigestivas, como las neurológicas. El gran mosaico clínico de esta enfermedad dificulta enormemente su diagnostico, especialmente en adultos. Sin embargo el diagnostico precoz del enfermo celíaco mejora de forma exponencial su pronóstico y evolución, obligando a incluir esta enfermedad en el diagnostico diferencial de múltiples síndromes. Como conclusión, se debería valorar la inclusión de pruebas serológicas de enfermedad celíaca en pacientes con disfunción neurológica de origen desconocido, como se refleja en este caso clínico.A 14 years old man, who begins with an unusual presentation of celiac disease (vertigo and hearing loss), without gastrointestinal symptoms is described. Sometimes in adults the typical gastrointestinal symptoms are not present, its more usual non gastrointestinal alterations, such as neurological symptoms. The mosaic symptoms of this disease difficult diagnosis, especially in adults. Nevertheless, a rapid diagnosis of celiac disease improves the forecast, so it might consider performing specific serological testing for celiac disease in patients with unexplained neurological dysfunction. Therefore, a rapid diagnosis of celiac patient improves exponentially its evolution, forcing include this disease in the differential diagnosis of multiple syndromes. According to several publications, one might consider performing specific serological testing for celiac disease in patients with unexplained neurological dysfunction, as reflected in this patient

Relacionar el comportamiento organizacional y el subsistema de organización de recursos humanos

El presente trabajo de investigación bibliográfica tiene como tema comportamiento organizacional y como subtema, relacionar el comportamiento organizacional y el subsistema de organización de recursos humanos. El objetivo general para nuestro seminario de graduación es Identificar cómo relacionar el comportamiento organizacional con la función y los subsistemas de organización de recursos humanos. Este informe está estructurado bajo cuatro capítulos tales como: capitulo uno: introducción al comportamiento organizacional, capitulo dos: introducción de los subsistemas de organizaciones de recursos humanos, capítulos tres: generalidades del diseño organizacional, capitulo cuatro: como relacionar el comportamiento organizacional con la función y los subsistemas de organización de recursos humanos. Bajo la modalidad de graduación cumpliendo con las normativas de graduación de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua), y la aplicación de las rubricas elaboradas por el claustro Docente M.A.E. José Javier Bermúdez, bajo la aplicación de las normas AP

Los programas escolares para la prevención del consumo de sustancias: Análisis de las claves que determinan su eficacia

Trabajo de Investigación desarrollado en el marco de un Convenio de Colaboración suscrito entre la Consejería para la Igualdad y Bienestar Social y la Universidad de Sevill