284 research outputs found
Retirement decisions in the presence of technological change: a theoretical and an empirical approach
The paper underlines the major role of productivity as a determinant of the worker’sretirement expectations. We propose an overlapping generation model with a continuum of heterogeneous ability workers. The labor market is endogenously segmented between worker’s having the required ability level to occupy jobs where the productivity is indexed to the technological state (complex jobs) and the rest of workers who are employed in positions whose productivity will be relatively deteriorated in case of technological change (simple jobs). We show that, for a given state of technology, workers in complex positions have a latter retirement date than those in simple positions. Furthermore, in case of a positive technological change, workers in complex positions delay retirement whereas those in simple jobs advance retirement. These findings are confirmed by our empirical approach, where we find that, after a technological change, workers who benefit from a skill upgrading training program have a higher expected retirement ag
Efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides in controlling Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis) in the off-season
Received: February 1st, 2023 ; Accepted: May 7th, 2023 ; Published: May 19th, 2023 ;
Correspondence: [email protected] herbicides can be effective in controlling Sumatran fleabane
(Conyza sumatrensis [Retz.] E.Walker) at soybean and other crops. The goal was to evaluate the
effectiveness of sulfentrazone/diuron, imazethapyr/flumioxazin, flumioxazin, diclosulam,
s-metolachlor, imazethapyr, clomazone and imazapic/imazapyr in controlling Sumatran fleabane
for application in the off-season before soybean planting. Three experiments were conducted in
the off season, with 9 treatments. The control of Sumatran fleabane was evaluated at 28, 42
and 49 days after application (DAA), at 49 DAA was performed counting of plants per m2
. In
experiment 1, the worst performance was found for s-metolachlor (58.3% final control), in a
situation of lower emergence flow of Sumatran fleabane, with equivalence for the other
herbicides. In experiments 2 and 3, with greater emergence flow of Sumatran fleabane,
clomazone efficacy stood out (≥ 86.3% final control). A micro-encapsulated formulation of
clomazone was used, which causes greater intoxication to this weed due to its slow release into
the soil, and presents less loss to the environment. In conditions of lower emergence of Sumatran
fleabane, sulfentrazone/diuron, imazethapyr/flumioxazin, flumioxazin, diclosulam, imazethapyr,
clomazone and imazapic/imazapyr were effective in controlling it. Even in this condition,
s-metolachlor was not effective in controlling Sumatran fleabane. The application of clomazone
was effective in controlling Sumatran fleabane in the three experiments. Clomazone is
characterized as an important herbicide for use in the off season in the management of this weed
before soybean sowing
Self-Organization and Complex Networks
In this chapter we discuss how the results developed within the theory of
fractals and Self-Organized Criticality (SOC) can be fruitfully exploited as
ingredients of adaptive network models. In order to maintain the presentation
self-contained, we first review the basic ideas behind fractal theory and SOC.
We then briefly review some results in the field of complex networks, and some
of the models that have been proposed. Finally, we present a self-organized
model recently proposed by Garlaschelli et al. [Nat. Phys. 3, 813 (2007)] that
couples the fitness network model defined by Caldarelli et al. [Phys. Rev.
Lett. 89, 258702 (2002)] with the evolution model proposed by Bak and Sneppen
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 4083 (1993)] as a prototype of SOC. Remarkably, we show
that the results obtained for the two models separately change dramatically
when they are coupled together. This indicates that self-organized networks may
represent an entirely novel class of complex systems, whose properties cannot
be straightforwardly understood in terms of what we have learnt so far.Comment: Book chapter in "Adaptive Networks: Theory, Models and Applications",
Editors: Thilo Gross and Hiroki Sayama (Springer/NECSI Studies on Complexity
Series
- …