DE LA ARGUMENTACIÓN PRAGMADIALÉCTICA COMO COMPETENCIA INVESTIGATIVA EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE DERECHO DE LA INSTITUCIÓN UNIVERSITARIA DE ENVIGADO

Este artículo corto tiene como objetivo plantear la importancia dela argumentación pragmadialéctica como competencia investigativapara los estudiantes del programa de Derecho de la Institución Universitaria de Envigado. La construcción crítica del saber jurídico en el marco investigativo debe tener como soporte una argumentaciónarmonizada con las transformaciones socioculturales del mundo contemporáneo. La argumentación que se propone trasciende la mera seducción del otro a través de razones, para anclar ejercicios de justicia social en la resolución de conflictos ciudadanos. Las pruebas iniciales realizadas con un grupo de 40 estudiantes del primer semestre de Derecho, calendario B, de la I.U.E., advierten bajo nivel de literacidad en elementos micro, macro y superestructurales del lenguaje. Igualmente, ocurre con los niveles de argumentación, dado que en la mayoría de los estudiantes existen falacias argumentativas en sus pruebas

The “Action for Protection” against judicial order. Static analysis of the sentence t-125 of 2012

El presente artículo ofrece una solución propia de la hermenéutica constitucional al conflicto derivado de la negación de un derecho pensional. Desde la perspectiva de la jurisdicción ordinaria, que entiende los servicios pensionales como un negocio jurídico privado, el derecho pensional es desconocido. Esto significa una afectación a derechos fundamentales básicos como el Debido proceso y el Acceso a la administración de justicia. El artículo analiza la evolución de la doctrina utilizada por la autoridad jurisdiccional colombiana, y como la acción de tutela reinterpreta el control de monitoreo, a través del robustecimiento del sistema de precedentes constitucionales. Para ello, se realiza un estudio de caso basado en la Sentencia T-125 de 2012. Finalmente, se concluye que la tutela contra decisiones judiciales en Colombia es un mecanismo eficaz contra las sentencias sustentadas en criterios rígidos, propios del positivismo legalista.This article offers a hermeneutic solution to the conflict derived from the denial of a pension entitlement. From the perspective of the ordinary jurisdiction, which understand the pension benefits as a  private legal business, the pension entitlement is unknown. This represents an affectation to fundamental rights such as due process and access to justice. This paper analyses  the evolution of the doctrine in the Colombian jurisdictional authority, and how the action for protection (“acción de tutela”) reinterprets the monitoring control, throughout improvements of the constitutional precedents system. With this aim, a case study was made, based on the Sentence T-125 of 2012. Finally, it was concluded that actions for protection in Colombia are an effective mechanism against sentences based in rigid criteria, commonly used in legalistic positivism

Giant aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible with unusual presentation

Aneurysmal bone cysts are rare benign lesions of bone tissue, infrequent in craneofacial skeleton with regard to other structures like long bones or the spine. They are composed of sinusoidal and vascular spaces blood-filled and surrounded by fibrous tissue septa. We present a case of a 29-year-old Caucasian male with a big swelling in the left mandible associated to pain and rapid growth. He referred previous extraction of the left inferior third molar. On the X-ray study, an expansive multilocular and high vascularized bony lesion within the mandibular angle was observed. It produced expansion and destruction of lingual and buccal cortex. An incisional biopsy was performed showing a fibrous tissue with blood-filled spaces lesion suggestive of an aneurysmal bone cyst. After selective embolization of the tumour, surgical resection was done with curettage and immediate reconstruction of the defect with an anterior iliac crest graft. Aneurysmal bone cysts are non-neoplastic but locally aggressive tumours with occasional rapid growth that may be differenciated from other multilocular process like ameloblastoma, ossifying fibroma, epithelial cyst, giant cell granuloma and sarcomas. Treatment of choice consists on conservative surgical excision of the mass with curettage or enucleation. When resection creates a big defect, primary surgical reconstruction is recommended

COSMO-based/Aspen Plus process simulation of the aromatic extraction from pyrolysis gasoline using the {[4empy][NTf2] + [emim][DCA]} ionic liquid mixture

The ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely studied as potential replacements of conventional solvents in the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from alkanes. However, most of the literature is focused in obtaining liquid-liquid equilibria experimental data without studying the complete extraction and IL regeneration process. In this paper, a computer-aided methodology combining COSMO-based molecular simulations and Aspen Plus process simulations has been used to study the extraction process of aromatic hydrocarbons from pyrolysis gasoline employing a binary mixture of 1-ethyl-4-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([4empy][NTf2]) and the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([emim][DCA]) ILs as solvent. An extensive comparison (more than 600 points) between experimental data and the predictions obtained by the COSMO-based thermodynamic model of liquid–liquid and vapor–liquid equilibria and ILs physical properties was made for validation purposes. Process simulations were performed in three system configurations: with one, two, or three flash distillations in the IL recovery section. The potential advantage of using binary IL-IL mixture as extracting solvent was studied in the whole range of composition. The configuration with three flash distillations and the binary IL-IL mixture with a 75% of [4empy][NTf2] were selected as the optimal conditions to increase aromatic recovery and purity, improving the separation performance respect to the neat ILsThe authors are grateful to Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain for financial support of Projects CTQ2014-52288-R and CTQ2014–53655-R and to Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid for the Project S2013/MAE-2800. Noemí Delgado-Mellado also thanks MINECO for awarding them an FPI grant (Reference BES–2015–072855) and Marcos Larriba also thanks MINECO for awarding him a Juan de la Cierva-Formación Contract (Reference FJCI-2015-25343). Pablo Navarro thanks Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia for awarding him a postdoctoral grant (Reference SFRH/BPD/117084/2016)

New π-arene ruthenium (II) piano-stool complexes with nitrogen ligands

The synthesis, characterization, DNA interaction and antiproliferative behavior of new π-arene ruthenium(II) piano-stool complexes with nitrogen ligands are described. Three series of organometallic compounds of formulae [RuCl2(η6-p-cym)L] were synthesized (with L = 2-, 3- or 4-methylpyridine; L = 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 3,4-, 3,5-dimethylpyridine and L = 1,2-, 1,3- 1,4-methylaminobenzene). The crystal structures of [RuCl2(p-cym)(4-methylpyridine)], [RuCl2(p-cym)(3,4-dimethylpyridine)] and [RuCl2(p-cym)(1,4-methylaminobenzene)] were resolved and the characterization was completed by spectroscopic UV-vis, FT-IR and 1H NMR studies. Electrochemical experiments were performed by cyclic voltammetry to estimate the redox potential of the Ru(II)/Ru(III) couple. The interaction with plasmid pBR322 DNA was studied through the examination of the electrophoretical mobility and atomic force microscopy, and interaction with ct-DNA by circular dichroism, viscosity measurements and fluorescence studies based on the DNA-ethidium bromide complex. The antiproliferative behavior of the series with L = methylpyridine was assayed against two tumor cell lines, i.e. LoVo and MiaPaca. The results revealed a moderate cytotoxicity with a higher activity for the LoVo cell line compared to the MiaPaca one

Lung metastases share common immune features regardless of primary tumor origin

Background: Only certain disseminated cells are able to grow in secondary organs to create a metastatic tumor. Under the hypothesis that the immune microenvironment of the host tissue may play an important role in this process, we have categorized metastatic samples based on their immune features. Methods: Gene expression data of metastatic samples (n=374) from four secondary sites (brain, bone, liver and lung) were used to characterize samples based on their immune and stromal infiltration using gene signatures and cell quantification tools. A clustering analysis was done that separated metastatic samples into three different immune categories: high, medium and low. Results: Significant differences were found between the immune profiles of samples metastasizing in distinct organs. Metastases in lung showed a higher immunogenic score than metastases in brain, liver or bone, regardless of their primary site of origin. Also, they preferentially clustered in the high immune group. Samples in this cluster exhibited a clear inflammatory phenotype, higher levels of immune infiltrate, overexpression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) pathways and upregulation of genes predicting clinical response to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade (T-cell inflammatory signature). A decision tree algorithm was used to select CD74 as a biomarker that identify samples belonging to this high-immune subtype of metastases, having specificity of 0.96 and sensitivity of 1. Conclusions: We have found a group of lung-enriched metastases showing an inflammatory phenotype susceptible to be treated with immunotherapy