Benefits of Multicultural Education on Diverse Student Populations

This senior capstone proves the benefits of multicultural education that promotes and brings about an inclusive and equitable education to all students, including diverse student populations. Through the use of literature review, interviews of two professors and educators, and surveys of college students, the result findings reveal that incorporating multicultural education approaches in the classrooms promotes inclusiveness that improves students’ learning experiences and academic performance in the classroom. It further fosters empathy among students. It is recommended that educators, school administrators, and pre-service teachers learn what multicultural education is and know how to implement it in the classrooms to benefit their diverse student populations

Heat production and energy balance in nanoengines driven by time-dependent fields

We present a formalism to study the heat transport and the power developed by the local driving fields on a quantum system coupled to macroscopic reservoirs. We show that, quite generally, two important mechanisms can take place: (i) directed heat transport between reservoirs induced by the ac potentials and (ii) at slow driving, two oscillating out of phase forces perform work against each other, while the energy dissipated into the reservoirs is negligibleComment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Variación en la capacidad de adsorción y en la entalpia de inmersión de carbones activados en soluciones acuosas de fenol y 3- cloro fenol

Tres carbones activados preparados a partir de cuesco de palma africana por activación térmica con CO 2, cuyas propiedades químicas superficiales generales son similares, se utilizan para observar el efecto del area superficial en la capacidad de adsorción y en la entalpia de inmersion defenol y 3-cloro fenol en solución acuosa. Los carbones activados se prepararon a tres temperaturas de activacion, 700, 800 y 900 °C, y presentan valores de area superficial entre 514 y 825 m 2g-1 y valores para el pH en el punto de carga cero, pH PZC, entre 8,9 y 9,4. Los resultados obtenidos en la adsorción de fenol y 3-clorofenol se ajustan al modelo de Langmuir y se obtieneen todos los casos una capacidad máxima de adsorción mayor para la adsorción del 3-cloro fenol. En cuanto a la entalpía de inmersión de los carbones activados en soluciones acuosas de los compuestos fenólicos, los valores obtenidos son también mayores para la inmersión en soluciones de 3-cloro fenol y se encuentran entre 17,3 y 42,6 Jg -1

Efecto de la competencia en la escogencia de estándares educativos

En la literatura económica no se ha estudiado como la competencia entre las instituciones educativas afecta específicamente la escogencia de estándares educativos y el valor de matrícula. Usando un modelo teórico analizo como la competencia entre las instituciones educativas afectan la escogencia de estándares académicos, comparando la solución en competencia con la solución eficiente y la solución de monopolio. Los individuos son heterogéneos y se diferencian en su habilidad, las instituciones educativas compiten estableciendo en una primera etapa el estándar educativo, y en una segunda etapa el valor de matrícula. Una vez definidos los estándares y los valores de matrícula, estos son información pública, permitiendo a los individuos escoger entre ingresar o no a una institución educativa o a que institución educativa ingresar de acuerdo a la habilidad innata y al costo asociado al esfuerzo. En los resultados se muestra que el bienestar social aumenta cuando en la economía existe más de una institución educativa con estándares diferentes, y la solución de mercado, en monopolio o en competencia, obliga a los estudiantes a ejercer un mayor esfuerzo para alcanzar el título. Independiente a la relación de costos, el valor de matrícula es siempre mayor para la institución con estándar educativo más alto, y mayor en la solución de mercado. Cuando el costo unitario de la institución con estándar más alto es mayor o igual al costo de la institución con menor estándar, los estándares educativos escogidos por el planificador son mayores y el esfuerzo requerido por los individuos es menor respecto a la solución de mercado.The literature has not studied how competence between schools affect grading standards and tuition fees. I use a theoretical model to analyze grading standards and tuition fees when schools compete. Also I compare this solution to the monopoly solution and the efficient solution. This model has 2 main assumptions: 1. Exists heterogeneity across individuals, it means differences in innate ability; and 2. Schools compete simultaneously in a two-stage model. First, by selecting grading standards and later, selecting tuition fees to maximize their profits. Considering this, social welfare increases with competence when schools compete and each of them has a different grading standards. In addition, students do lower effort under the efficient solution model. According to the competence model, tuition fees are higher when grading standard is higher, even when lower grading standard school are costly

REFORMAS ECONÓMICAS EM CABO VERDE: PRIVATIZAÇÕES E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES SOCIAIS

A dissertação retrata um tema de grande destaque e controvérsia na actualidade, as privatizações. Em Cabo Verde, o assunto ganha destaque a partir da década de 90, com a realização de grandes reformas económicas, no quadro da liberalização da economia cabo-verdiana. O presente estudo coincide com uma crise económica mundial, sendo muito discutida a dicotomia nacionalização/privatização. Para desenvolver a análise, fez-se uso de dados quantitativos e qualitativos, numa tentativa de entender as reais transformações produzidas por essa politica económica, num país insular com parcos recursos naturais, originando as seguintes inquietações: quais as repercussões sociais dessa política económica? Como reagiria Cabo Verde perante uma grande crise, depois da entrada brusca no sistema de economia de mercado? Com base em entrevistas e crónicas nos jornais, pequeno historial de algumas empresas privatizadas, nacionalizadas e liquidadas e dados estatísticos, pode-se ter uma visão panorâmica das privatizações em Cabo Verde. O percurso realizado origina questões susceptíveis de estudos posteriores.UNIVERSIDADE DO PORT

Determinación de la entalpía de inmersión de carbones activados en disoluciones acuosas de fenol y 4-nitrofenol

Se determinan las entalpias de inmersion de cinco muestrasde carbon activado, obtenidas a partir de diferentesmateriales lignocelulosicos, con diferente grado de activacionalrededor de 20 %, en disoluciones acuosas de fenoly 4-nitrofenol de 100 mgL -1. Los valores de las entalpiasde inmersion se relacionan con la cantidad adsorbida delos solutos, con la entalpia de inmersion en disolucionesde NaOH y con el pH en el punto de carga cero, pH PZC. Los carbones activados obtenidos son de carácter básico con valores para el pH en el punto de carga cero, pH PZC, que varian entre 7,4 y 9,7 y contenidos de basicidad total mayores en todos los casos que los valores obtenidos para la acidez total. Los valores de las entalpías de inmersión disminuyen con el aumento en el contenido de grupos ácidos superficiales de los carbones activados, que se constituye en el factor determinante para la adsorción del fenol y el 4-nitrofenol en los sólidos estudiados. Se calcula la contribución entálpica del grupo -NO2 como sustituyente del anillo aromático para los cinco carbones activados, cuyos valores se encuentran entre 3,2 y 8,4 Jg-1

The ASALB problem with processing alternatives involving different tasks: definition, formalization and resolution

The Alternative Subgraphs Assembly Line Balancing Problem (ASALBP) considers assembly alternatives that determine task processing times and/or precedence relations among the tasks. Capacho and Pastor formalized this problem and developed a mathematical programming model (MILP) in which the assembly alternatives are determined by combining all available processing alternatives of each existing sub-assembly. In this paper an extended definition of the ASALBP is presented in which assembly subprocesses involving different tasks are also considered. Additionally, a mathematical programming model is proposed to formalize and solve the extended version of the ASALBP, which also improves the performance of the former MILP model. Some computational results are included.Peer Reviewe

ASALBP: The Alternative Subgraphs Assembly Line Balancing Problem

The classic assembly line balancing problem basically consist in assigning a set of tasks to a group of workstations while maintaining the task’ precedence relations. Habitually, such relations are represented by a predetermined precedence graph. However, a product’s assembly process may admit, for one or more of its parts, alternative precedence subgraph. This may be due to the fact that the processing time for some task are dependent on their processing sequence, or because there are alternatives for such a subassembly. In general, because of the great difficulty of the problem and the impossibility of representing alternative subgraphs in a precedence graph, the system designer will decide to select, a priori, one of such alternative subgraphs, which sometimes imposes additional constrains other than technological ones. In this paper we present, characterize and formulate a new general assembly line balancing problem: the Alternative Subgraphs Assembly Line Balancing Problem (ASALBP). Its novel characteristic is that it considers the possibility of having alternative assembly subgraphs, in which the processing times and/or the precedence relations of certain task are dependent on the assembly subgraph selected. Therefore, solving this problem implies simultaneously selecting an assembly subgraph for each part of the assembly that allows alternatives and balancing the line (i.e., assigning the task to the workstations). The potentially positive effects of this on the solution of the problem are shown here in a numerical example. Finally, the mathematical programming model developed is described and the results of a brief computational experiment are presented