Efectos de un entrenamiento de fuerza de corta duración sobre la capacidad de salto vertical en jugadores de voleibol de elite durante la temporada

The aim of this study was to describe the effects of 6 weeks of combined strength and jump training which incorporated modera te loads and high intensity contractions on the vertical jump ability (VJ), loaded jumps and velocity of execution in full squat in a group of professional male volleyball players during the competition season. It was hypothesized that the VJ improved by cross combined strength and jump training both characterized by high velocity of execution (>1m/s). The participants in this study were twelve players who competed in the fir st national division of the Spanish National League during the 2011-2012 season. The neuromuscular performance was estimated by unloaded (CMJ) and load ed countermovement jumps (CMJ loaded ) height (cm); and by velocity of displacement in the concentric phase of full squat (FS) (m/s). There was a significant increase in CMJ and CMJ loaded after 6-week of training (5%, p<0.01; and 5.7%, p<0.05; respectively). These changes were accompanied by a small and moderate value of Effect Size (0.47, and 0.67; respectively). No significant differences were observed for velocity of displacement in FS. The linear correlation analysis showed a single moderate correlation statistically significant between the changes in CMJ-CMJ loaded and CMJ-FS (r=0.62 and r=0.59, p<0.05; respectively). Albeit speculative, our results suggest that the use of moderate loads could be enough to im prove the vertical jump performance, since in our study a load equivalent to 60% 1RM in the FS was not exceeded and jumping exercises were performed wi th light loads.El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los efectos de 6 semanas de entrenamiento combinado de fuerza y salto, el cual incorpora cargas moderadas e intensidades de contracción altas, sobre la capacidad de salto vertical, saltos con cargas y la velocidad de ejecución en el ejercicio de sentadilla en un grupo de jugadores profesionales de voleibol durante la temporada de competición. Se estableció la hipótesis de que el sa lto vertical mejoro por el uso combinado de entrenamiento de fuerza y salto, ambos caracterizados por una alta velocidad de ejecución (>1m/s). El rendimie nto neuromuscular fue estimado por la altura (cm) del salto sin cargas (CMJ), salto con cargas (CMJ loaded ), y por la velocidad (m/s) de desplazamiento en la fase concéntrica en la sentadilla completa (FS). Tuvo lugar un incremento significativo en CMJ y CMJ loaded después de 6 semanas de entrenamientos (5%, p<0.01; y 5.7%, p<0.05; respectivamente). Estos cambios fueron acompañados por un valor de Tamaño del Efecto pequeño y moderado (0.47, and 0.67 ; respectivamente). No se observaron diferencias significativas en la velocidad de desplazamiento en FS. El análisis de correlación lineal mostró una correlación moderada estadísticamente significativa entre los cambios en CMJ-CMJ loaded y CMJ-FS (r=0.62; y r=0.59, p<0.05; respectivamente). Aunque algo especulativo, nuestros resultados sugieren que el uso de cargas moderadas podría ser suficiente para mejorar el rendimiento del salto vertical, ya que en nuestro estudio no se excedió una carga equivalente al 60% de 1RM en FS y los ejercicios de saltos también fueron realizados con cargas ligeras

Combined strength and jump exercises training, effects on the vertical jump performance in a group of senior elite male volleyball players during a complete competition season

Se ha sugerido que para mejorar el rendimiento en el salto vertical (SV), los jugadores de voleibol deben realizar entrenamie nto con cargas específico para voleibol. Este estudio examina los efectos del entrenamiento combinado de fuerza y ejercicios de saltos sobre el rendimiento en el SV, en un grupo de alto nivel de jugadores de voleibol durante una temporada completa de la competición. Doce jugadores profesional es de voleibol participaron en este estudio. El rendimiento se midió mediante la altura (cm) del salto sin carga (CMJ) y con carga (CMJ loaded ), y por la velocidad de desplazamiento en fase concéntrica de la sentadilla completa (FS) (m/s). El entrenamiento tuvo lugar 2 días/semana, 16 semanas (2 ciclos / 8 semanas, 1 semana de descanso). Los ejercicios de resistencia fueron: FS, 3-4 series / 4-6 repeticiones, 50% al 65% de 1RM; cargada de f uerza, 3 series / 4-6 repeticiones, con máxima carga que permite ejecución técnica correcta; saltos con carga, 3-4 series / 4-5 repeticiones, 50%-80% carga con la que alcanzaron una altura de unos 20 cm.; salto sin carga, 3-4 series / 5 repeticiones. Hubo un aumento significativo en CMJ y CMJl oaded (7.12% y 9.78%; p .05). Nuestros resultados sugieren que el uso de cargas moderadas podría producir resultados similares en el rendimiento del SV al uso de cargas elevadas, ya que en nuestro estudio no superamos una carga equivalente al 65% de 1RM en el FS y los ejercicios de salto se realizaron con cargas ligeras. Estos resultados indican que la especificidad d el entrenamiento, expresada por la proximidad de las velocidades de ejecución de los ejercicios de entrenamiento a la velocidad de ejecución del SV, es de terminante para el rendimiento.It has been suggested that to improve vertical jump performance, volleyball players must complete specific volleyball resistance training. This study examines the effects of combined strength and jump exercises training on the vertical jump performance, in a group of sen ior elite male volleyball players during a full competition season. Twelve professional male volleyball players took part in this study . Players competed in the first national division of the Spanish National League during the 2014-2015 season . The performance was estimated by unloaded (CMJ), loaded countermovement jumps (CMJ loaded ) height (cm) and by velocity of displacement in the concentric phase of full squat (FS) (m•s -1 ). Training took place 2 days/week, 16 weeks (2 cycles/8 weeks, 1 week recovery). The resistance exercises were: FS, 3-4 series/4-6 repetitions, load from 50%-65% 1RM ; hang power clean, 3 series/4-6 repetitions with the maximum load that allows a correct technical execution; loaded jump, 3-4 series/4-5 repetitio ns, load from 50%-80% according to the weight with which the athletes reached a height of about 20 cm.; unloaded jump, 3-4 series/5 repetitions. Ther e was a significant increase in CMJ and CMJloaded (7.12% and 9.78%; p.05) . Our results suggest that the use of moderate loads could produce similar results on vertical jump performance to the use of high loads, since in ou r study a load equivalent to 65% 1RM in the FS was not exceeded and jumping exercises were performed with light loads. These results indicate that the sp ecificity of training, which in this case is expressed by the proximity of the velocities of execution of the training exercises to the velocity of ex ecution of the vertical jump, is determinant for the performance

Association between a SLC23A2 gene variation, plasma vitamin C levels, and risk of glaucoma in a Mediterranean population

PurposeSeveral dietary factors have been associated with glaucoma. Among them, dietary antioxidant intake (i.e., vitamin C and vitamin A) in association with glaucoma has been analyzed, but with mixed results. Genetic factors may play a role in modulating the effect of dietary antioxidant intake on glaucoma; however, nutrigenetic studies in this field are scarce. Our aim was to study the association between selected polymorphisms in key proteins related to vitamin C and vitamin A concentrations and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsWe performed a case-control study matched for age, sex, and bodyweight. We recruited 300 subjects (150 POAG cases and 150 controls) from a Mediterranean population and determined the plasma concentrations of vitamin C and vitamin A for each subject. We selected the following single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to vitamin A and vitamin C concentrations: rs176990 and rs190910 in the retinol-binding protein 1 (RBP1) gene; and rs10063949 and rs1279683 in the Na+-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporters 1 and 2, respectively (encoded by the SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 genes).ResultsWe found a statistically significant association between the rs1279386 (A>G) SNP in SLC23A2 and POAG risk. In the crude analysis, homozygous subjects for the G allele (GG subjects) had higher risk of POAG than other genotypes (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.03–2.71). This association remained statistically significant (p=0.010) after multivariate adjustment for potential confounders. We also found that POAG patients had lower plasma vitamin C concentrations than control subjects (9.9±1.7 µg/ml versus 11.7±1.8 µg/ml, p<0.001). Moreover, we consistently detected a significant association between the rs1279386 SNP in SLC23A2 and plasma vitamin C concentrations: GG subjects had significantly lower plasma vitamin C concentrations than the other genotypes (9.0±1.4 µg/ml versus 10.5±1.6 µg/ml, p<0.001 in POAG cases and 10.9±1.6 µg/ml versus 12.1±1.8 µg/ml, p<0.001 in controls). The rs10063949 SNP in SLC23A1 was not associated with either plasma vitamin C concentrations or POAG risk. Similarly, SNPs in RBP1 were not associated with vitamin A concentrations or POAG risk.ConclusionsThe rs1279683 SNP in SLC23A2 was significantly associated with lower plasma concentrations of vitamin C and with higher risk of POAG in GG subjects

Impact of primary care nursing workforce characteristics on the control of high-blood pressure: A multilevel analysis

Objective: To determine the impact of Primary Health Care (PHC) nursing workforce characteristics and of the clinical practice environment (CPE) perceived by nurses on the control of high-blood pressure (HBP). Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Setting: Administrative and clinical registries of hypertensive patients from PHC information systems and questionnaire from PHC nurses. Participants: 76 797 hypertensive patients in two health zones within the Community of Madrid, North- West Zone (NWZ) with a higher socioeconomic situation and South-West Zone (SWZ) with a lower socioeconomic situation, and 442 reference nurses. Segmented analyses by area were made due to their different socioeconomic characteristics. Primary outcome measure: Poor HBP control (adequate figures below the value 140/90 mm Hg) associated with the characteristics of the nursing workforce and selfperceived CPE. Results: The prevalence of poor HBP control, estimated by an empty multilevel model, was 33.5% (95% CI 31.5% to 35.6%). In the multilevel multivariate regression models, the perception of a more favourable CPE was associated with a reduction in poor control in NWZ men and SWZ women (OR=0.99 (95% CI 0.98 to 0.99)); the economic immigration conditions increased poor control in NWZ women (OR=1.53 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.89)) and in SWZ, both men (OR=1.89 (95% CI 1.43 to 2.51)) and women (OR=1.39 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.76)). In all four models, increasing the annual number of patient consultations was associated with a reduction in poor control (NWZ women: OR=0.98 (95% CI0.98 to 0.99); NWZ men: OR=0.98 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.99); SWZ women: OR=0.98 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.99); SWZ men: OR=0.99 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.99). Conclusions: A CPE, perceived by PHC nurses as more favourable, and more patient–nurse consultations, contribute to better HBP control. Economic immigration condition is a risk factor for poor HBP control. Health policies oriented towards promoting positive environments for nursing practice are neededThe results presented here form part of a study that has been funded partially with the First Prize for National Research in Nursing (12th edition) from Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (Santander) in 2010

Programa de seguridad y salud ocupacional para la aplicación de la Ley General de Prevención de Riesgos en los lugares de trabajo para la Academia de Gastronomía Salvadoreña.

La seguridad ocupacional es un tema con un auge nuevo en El Salvador y con un avance significativo a nivel a mundial. Su importancia nace desde el momento en que la población económicamente activa invierte tres cuartas partes de su vida en su ambiente laboral. Hablar de riesgos ocupacionales en las organizaciones inicia al analizar su actividad económica: industrias extractivas o transformadoras de materias primas, pero no solo empresas industriales presentan riesgos a las personas, sino también aquellas de servicios digitales: el desgaste de la vista a la constante exposición de luz emitida por el monitor de una computadora o la deformación de la mano al mantenerse tecleando demasiado tiempo, son actividades recurrentes que deben estudiarse detenidamente. La Academia de Gastronomía Salvadoreña. SA. de C.V., conocida como AGASAL, es una institución enfocada en la formación no universitaria en el rubro de la gastronomía, iniciando operaciones en 2018 en el departamento de San Salvador. En apoyo con la Federación Latinoamericana de Chefs (FELACHS), una empresa colombiana que acredita a AGASAL para ejercer la docencia gastronómica, emite dos diplomas, el de la academia y otro acreditado por FELACHS. Dada la alta demanda que experimento AGASAL en 2018, se vieron en la necesidad de mudarse a un nuevo local más amplio, contando con más espacio para sus estudiantes. Los antecedentes de la empresa en materia de seguridad y salud ocupacional, se resumen en la no aplicación de la normativa. Debido a lo anterior, la investigación se enfocó en un análisis en materia de seguridad y salud ocupacional, identificando actuales riesgos ocupacionales y potenciales para su prevención y control por medio del análisis de tareas seguras para cada uno de los puestos de trabajo de la academia y, a su vez, contribuyendo en el adiestramiento del estudiantado en la prevención de accidentes. Así como el diseño de un mapa de riesgos y su ruta de evacuación y una serie de cursos en materia de seguridad y salud ocupacional, como en materia de inocuidad alimentaria, y demás herramientas exigidas por la ley. Todo esto plasmado en un Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional para la aplicabilidad de la Ley General de Prevención de Riesgos en los Lugares de Trabajo y su reglamento como demás normativa aplicable en El Salvador

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol over calcined MgFe hydrotalcites

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation is an alternative catalytic approach for the reduction of carbonyl groups, instead of the use of dihydrogen gas. In this sense, a series of catalysts has been prepared by thermal treatment of layered double hydroxides, hydrotalcite type, of Mg(II) and Fe(III), with different Mg/Fe molar ratios. The resulting mixture of metal oxides was characterized by X-ray diffraction, TEM, N2 adsorption-desorption, CO2-TPD, NH3-TPD and XPS, and then catalysts were tested in the Meenwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reduction of furfural to obtain furfuryl alcohol. The catalytic results show that the catalysts with a Mg/Fe molar ratio of 3 allows reaching the highest furfural conversion at a lower reaction time, with a FOL yield close to 90% after 6 h of reaction at 443 K. The detailed analysis of these catalysts also revealed that the basicity has a more predominant role in the MPV reaction than acid sites.Spanish Ministry of Innovation, Science and Universities (Project RTI2018-094918-B-C44) and FEDER (European Union) funds. J.A.C. and C.G.S. thank University of Malaga for contracts of PhD incorporation. R.M.T. thanks to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (IEDI-2016-00743) for the financial support within the I3 program