Little-Parks effect in a superconducting loop with magnetic dot

We have studied the nucleation of superconductivity in a mesoscopic Al loop, enclosing magnetic dot with perpendicular magnetization. The superconducting phase boundary Tc(B), determined from transport measurements, is asymmetric with respect to the polarity of an applied magnetic field. The maximum critical temperature has been found for a finite applied magnetic field, which is antiparallel to the magnetization of the dot. Theoretical phase boundary shows a good agreement with the experimental data.Comment: to be published in Phys. Rev. B - Brief Report

Influence of the sample geometry on the vortex matter in superconducting microstructures

The dependence of the vortex penetration and expulsion on the geometry of mesoscopic superconductors is reported. Hall magnetometry measurements were performed on a superconducting Al square and triangle. The stability of the vortex patterns imposed by the sample geometry is discussed. The field-temperature $H-T$ diagram has been reconstructed showing the transitions between states with different vorticity. We have found that the vortex penetration is only weakly affected by the vortex configuration inside the sample while the expulsion is strongly controlled by the stability of the vortex patterns. A qualitative explanation for this observation is given.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Underwater Noise Pollution as an Ecological Crime: A Global Problem in the Anthropocene

Noise pollution is recognized globally as a genuine environmental pollutant. Its effects are not limited to just terrestrial ecosystems, they can also affect aquatic environments at different levels. The scientific community has provided ample evidence of this. It is essential that legal systems and environmental protection regulations reflect this understanding. The aim of this study is to analyse the evolution of international legislation concerning noise pollution, as a response by legislative bodies to the environmental impacts it can have. These impacts have been classified on the basis of the ecological studies which are the subject of the analysis. Thus, the possible configuration of some types of noise pollution as criminal is analysed according to the concept of Green Criminology. The ecological damage generated at the different levels of the ecosystem approach is the focus of this analysis. This classifying system could allow us to configure an appropriate criminal response to the effects generated by this polluting activity.Lärmbelästigung ist weltweit als Umweltverschmutzung anerkannt. Ihre Auswirkungen beschränken sich nicht nur auf terrestrische Ökosysteme, sondern können auch die aquatische Umwelt beeinträchtigen. Die Wissenschaft hat dies hinreichend bewiesen. Es ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, dass die Rechtssysteme und Umweltschutzvorschriften diese Erkenntnis widerspiegeln. Ziel der Studie ist es, die Entwicklung der internationalen Gesetzgebung zur Lärmbelästigung zu analysieren, die eine Reaktion der Gesetzgeber auf mögliche Umweltauswirkungen darstellt. Diese Auswirkungen wurden auf Grundlage ökologischer Studien, welche Gegenstand der Analyse sind, klassifiziert. So wird die mögliche Einstufung einiger Arten von Lärmbelästigung als Straftatbestand nach dem Konzept der Green Criminology analysiert. Die ökologischen Schäden, die auf den verschiedenen Ebenen des Ökosystemansatzes entstehen, stehen im Mittelpunkt dieser Analyse. Dieses Klassifizierungssystem könnte es ermöglichen, eine angemessene strafrechtliche Antwort auf die Auswirkungen dieser umweltschädigenden Aktivitäten zu finden

Critical temperature oscillations in magnetically coupled superconducting mesoscopic loops

We study the magnetic interaction between two superconducting concentric mesoscopic Al loops, close to the superconducting/normal phase transition. The phase boundary is measured resistively for the two-loop structure as well as for a reference single loop. In both systems Little-Parks oscillations, periodic in field are observed in the critical temperature Tc versus applied magnetic field H. In the Fourier spectrum of the Tc(H) oscillations, a weak 'low frequency' response shows up, which can be attributed to the inner loop supercurrent magnetic coupling to the flux of the outer loop. The amplitude of this effect can be tuned by varying the applied transport current.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Spin states of asteroids in the Eos collisional family

Eos family was created during a catastrophic impact about 1.3 Gyr ago. Rotation states of individual family members contain information about the history of the whole population. We aim to increase the number of asteroid shape models and rotation states within the Eos collision family, as well as to revise previously published shape models from the literature. Such results can be used to constrain theoretical collisional and evolution models of the family, or to estimate other physical parameters by a thermophysical modeling of the thermal infrared data. We use all available disk-integrated optical data (i.e., classical dense-in-time photometry obtained from public databases and through a large collaboration network as well as sparse-in-time individual measurements from a few sky surveys) as input for the convex inversion method, and derive 3D shape models of asteroids together with their rotation periods and orientations of rotation axes. We present updated shape models for 15 asteroids and new shape model determinations for 16 asteroids. Together with the already published models from the publicly available DAMIT database, we compiled a sample of 56 Eos family members with known shape models that we used in our analysis of physical properties within the family. Rotation states of asteroids smaller than ~20 km are heavily influenced by the YORP effect, whilst the large objects more or less retained their rotation state properties since the family creation. Moreover, we also present a shape model and bulk density of asteroid (423) Diotima, an interloper in the Eos family, based on the disk-resolved data obtained by the Near InfraRed Camera (Nirc2) mounted on the W.M. Keck II telescope.Comment: Accepted for publication in ICARUS Special Issue - Asteroids: Origin, Evolution & Characterizatio