Fatores associados ao near miss neonatal no Brasil

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the association between sociodemographic factors, maternal characteristics, organization of health services and neonatal near miss in public and private maternity hospitals in Brazil. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort of live births from the Nascer no Brasil survey, carried out between 2011 and 2012. Variables were established from the literature and organized on three levels: distal, intermediate, and proximal. The assessment was performed based on results of the bivariate analyzes and their respective p-values, with a significance level <0.20, using the Wald test. For multivariate analysis, the variables contained at the distal level were inserted, preserved in the model when significant (p < 0.05). This was also done when adjusting the intermediate and proximal levels. RESULTS: At the distal level, no variable was significantly associated with the outcome. At the intermediate level, mother’s age greater than or equal to 35 years (relative risk – RR = 1.32; 95%CI 1.04–1.66), cesarean delivery (RR = 1.34; 95%CI 1.07–1.67), smoking (RR = 1.48; 95%CI 1.04–2.10), gestational hypertensive syndrome (RR = 2.29; 95%CI 1.98–3.14), pre-gestational diabetes (RR = 2.63; 95%CI 1.36–5.05) and twin pregnancy (RR = 2.98; 95%CI 1.90–4.68) were variables associated with the outcome. At the proximal level, inadequate prenatal care (RR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.36–2.16) and the hospital/maternity being located in a capital city (RR = 1.89; 95%CI 1.40–2.55) were associated with neonatal near miss. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that neonatal near miss was influenced by variables related to the organization of health services and by maternal characteristics.OBJETIVO: Este estudo avalia a associação entre fatores sociodemográficos, características maternas, organização dos serviços de saúde e near miss neonatal em maternidades públicas e privadas do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma coorte prospectiva de nascidos vivos da pesquisa Nascer no Brasil, realizada entre 2011 e 2012. As variáveis foram estabelecidas a partir da literatura e organizadas em três níveis: distal, intermediário e proximal. A avaliação foi realizada a partir dos resultados das análises bivariadas e de seus respectivos valores-p, com nível de significância < 0,20, pelo teste de Wald. Para a análise multivariada, foram inseridas as variáveis contidas no nível distal, conservadas no modelo quando significativas (p < 0,05). O mesmo foi feito no ajuste dos níveis intermediário e proximal. RESULTADOS: No nível distal, nenhuma variável apresentou associação significativa com o desfecho. No nível intermediário, idade da mãe maior ou igual a 35 anos (risco relativo – RR = 1,32; IC95% 1,04–1,66), parto cesáreo (RR = 1,34; IC95% 1,07–1,67), uso de fumo (RR = 1,48; IC95% 1,04–2,10), síndrome hipertensiva gestacional (RR = 2,29; IC95% 1,98–3,14), diabetes pré-gestacional (RR = 2,63; IC95% 1,36–5,05) e gestação gemelar (RR = 2,98; IC95% 1,90–4,68) foram variáveis associadas ao desfecho. No nível proximal, o pré-natal não adequado (RR = 1,71; IC95% 1,36–2,16) e a localização do hospital/maternidade na capital (RR = 1,89; IC95% 1,40–2,55) foram associados ao near miss neonatal. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram que o near miss neonatal foi influenciado pelas variáveis da organização dos serviços de saúde e pelas características maternas

The promise and pitfalls of social science research in an emergency: lessons from studying the Zika epidemic in Brazil, 2015-2016.

Social science generates evidence necessary to control epidemics. It can help to craft appropriate public health responses, develop solutions to the epidemic impacts and improve understanding of why the epidemic occurred. Yet, there are practical constraints in undertaking this international research in a way that produces quality, ethical and appropriate data, and that values all voices and experiences, especially those of local researchers and research participants. In this paper, we reflected on the experience of undertaking social science research during the 2015/2016 Zika epidemic in Brazil. This experience was considered from the perspective of this paper's authors: three Brazilian academics, two UK academics and two mothers of children affected by congenital Zika syndrome. This group came together through the conduct of the Social and Economic Impact of Zika study, a mixed-methods social science study. The key findings highlight practical issues in the achievement of three goals: the conduct of high-quality social science in emergencies and efforts towards the decolonisation of global health in terms of levelling the power between Brazilian and UK researchers and optimising the role of patients within research. From our perspective, the information collected through social science was valuable, providing detailed insight into the programmatic needs of mothers and their affected children (eg, economic and social support and mental health services). Social science was considered a low priority within the Zika epidemic despite its potential importance. There were logistical challenges in conducting social science research, foremost of which are the difficulties in developing a trusting and balanced power relationship between the UK and Brazilian researchers in a short time frame. When these issues were overcome, each partner brought unique qualities, making the research stronger. The mothers of affected children expressed dissatisfaction with research, as they were involved in many studies which were not coordinated, and from which they did not see a benefit. In conclusion, the importance of social science in epidemics must continue to be promoted by funders. Funders can also set in place mechanisms to help equalise the power dynamics between foreign and local researchers, researchers and participants, both to promote justice and to create best quality data

Quando a vida começa diferente: o bebê e sua família na UTI neonatal

Esta coletânea procura responder questões acerca do cotidiano da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI Neonatal), recorrendo à experiência dos profissionais envolvidos neste, por vezes, longo e demorado processo de internação dos recém-nascidos de risco. Além disso, o livro ainda traz o testemunho e o desabafo de todos aqueles que passaram pela experiência angustiante de ver internado o mais novo componente familiar. Muitas vezes, alheios em relação às verdadeiras condições de seu filho, os pais não conseguem se livrar de momentos de estresse e até mesmo a depressão. Desse modo, este livro busca elucidar as dúvidas acerca do cotidiano da UTI Neonatal, adotando, uma linguagem acessível para todos aqueles que estão envolvidos neste momento de expectativa, de preocupações, de insegurança - momento em que a nova vida começa de forma tão diferente

Emergency and permanence of the Zika virus epidemic: an agenda connecting research and policy.

Submitted by Ana Beatriz Oliveira ([email protected]) on 2019-04-15T14:03:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Emergency and permanence of the Zika virus.pdf: 127208 bytes, checksum: 9f42e85e68cad6f3bb6b3fdea62abb95 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Beatriz Oliveira ([email protected]) on 2019-04-16T13:34:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Emergency and permanence of the Zika virus.pdf: 127208 bytes, checksum: 9f42e85e68cad6f3bb6b3fdea62abb95 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-16T13:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Emergency and permanence of the Zika virus.pdf: 127208 bytes, checksum: 9f42e85e68cad6f3bb6b3fdea62abb95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Horizonte 2020, o Programa-Quadro de Pesquisa e Inovação da União Européia, sob o acordo de subvenção da Rede Latino-Americana de Prontidão para Zika (ZikaPLAN) n. 734584 do Departamento para o Desenvolvimento Internacional do Reino Unido (DFID) e Wellcome Trust (206016 / Z / 16 / A). Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq) e Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); financiamento da produtividade em pesquisa para os alunos MCN Moreira e MEL Moreira.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz​. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Recife, PE, Brasil.London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. London, U.K

Preterm infant language development: a role for breast milk fatty acids

Premature infants have an increased risk of developmental disabilities during infancy and childhood. A crucial period of fetal polyunsaturated fatty acid accretion bypassed with prematurity. Objective: to study how the fatty acid composition of breast milk in breast-fed premature infants is associated with cognitive, language, and motor development. Methods: participants included twenty-five healthy preterms, born adequate for gestational age at the Fernandez Figueira Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fatty acid composition of breast milk samples from the first week postpartum was analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography. Bayley-III developmental scales were applied at 9 or 12 months corrected age. Results: regression analyses revealed that the ratio of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid was positively associated with receptive language development (â = 1.49, p = 0.03). Women with preterm infants showed breast milk long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids concentrations consistent with worldwide levels and a high ratio of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid that might be beneficial for language development in the premature infant. Conclusion: a higher ratio of linoleic to alpha-linolenic acid in breast milk could exert beneficial effects for receptive language development in preterm infants fed breast milk. Larger adequately powered longitudinal studies are recommended to better understand the breast milk composition of this population and its association to developmental indices during infancy

Variáveis associadas à infecção por cateteres centrais de inserção periférica em recém-nascidos de alto risco

OBJETIVO: relacionar as variáveis de um formulário de vigilância para dispositivos intravenosos em recém-nascido de alto risco, com infecção relacionada ao uso de cateter central de inserção periférica. METODOLOGIA: foram estudadas cerca de 15 variáveis associando-as à infecção por uso do cateter central de inserção periférica, sendo essa definida pelo resultado da hemocultura. As variáveis analisadas foram obtidas nos formulários de vigilância do uso de dispositivo intravenoso, anexados aos prontuários de recém-nascidos de 500 a 1.499g. A associação estatística foi definida pelos testes qui-quadrado e t de Student. O estudo encontra-se aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Instituto Fernandes Figueira sob nº140.703/12. RESULTADOS: foram analisados 63 prontuários. A taxa de infecção observada foi de 25,4%. Das variáveis analisadas, apenas três apresentaram relação estatisticamente significativa com a hemocultura - o uso de drogas inibidoras de secreção ácida, o uso de esteroides pós-natal e a realização de mais de um procedimento de quebra de barreira (p-valor de 0,0141, 0,0472 e 0,0277, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: a ausência de significância das variáveis do formulário pode estar relacionada com a qualidade dos registros e ausência de padronização. Recomenda-se incentivo às equipes para a aderência ao protocolo e preenchimento do formulário.OBJETIVO: relacionar las variables de un formulario de vigilancia para dispositivos intravenosos en recién nacido de alto riesgo con infección relacionada al uso de catéter central de inserción periférica. METODOLOGÍA: fueron estudiadas cerca de 15 variables asociándolas a la infección por uso del catéter central de inserción periférica, siendo esta definida por el resultado del hemocultivo. Las variables analizadas fueron obtenidas en los formularios de vigilancia del uso de dispositivo intravenoso anexados a las fichas médicas de recién nacidos de 500 a 1499g. La asociación estadística fue definida por las pruebas Chi-cuadrado y t de Student. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación del Instituto Fernandes Figueira con el nº 140.703/12. RESULTADOS: fueron analizadas 63 fichas médicas. La tasa de infección observada fue de 25,4%. De las variables analizadas, apenas tres presentaron una relación estadísticamente significativa con el hemocultivo: uso de drogas inhibidoras de secreción ácida, uso de esteroides postnatal y realización de más de un procedimiento de quiebra de barrera (p-valor de 0,0141, 0,0472 y 0,0277, respectivamente). CONCLUSIÓN: la ausencia de significación de las variables del formulario puede estar relacionada con la calidad de los registros y la ausencia de estandarización. Se recomienda incentivar a los equipos para que adhieran al protocolo y al correcto llenado del formulario.OBJECTIVE: to relate the variables from a surveillance form for intravenous devices in high risk newborn infants with peripherally inserted central catheter related infection. METHODOLOGY: approximately 15 variables were studied, being associated with peripherally inserted central catheter related infection, this being defined by blood culture results. The variables analyzed were obtained from the surveillance forms used with intravenous devices, attached to the medical records of newborn infants weighing between 500 and 1,499 g. The statistical association was defined using the Chi-squared and Student t tests. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Instituto Fernandes Figueira under process N. 140.703/12. RESULTS: 63 medical records were analyzed. The infection rate observed was 25.4%. Of the variables analyzed, only three had a statistically-significant relationship with the blood culture - the use of drugs capable of inhibiting acid secretion, post-natal steroid use, and undertaking more than one invasive procedure (p-value of 0.0141, 0.0472 and 0.0277, respectively). CONCLUSION: the absence of significance of the variables of the form may be related to the quality of the records and to the absence of standardization. It is recommended that the teams be encouraged to adhere to the protocol and fill out the form

Micronutrient supplementation adherence and influence on the prevalences of anemia and iron, zinc and vitamin A deficiencies in preemies with a corrected age of six months

OBJECTIVE: To analyze adherence to the recommended iron, zinc and multivitamin supplementation guidelines for preemies, the factors associated with this adherence, and the influence of adherence on the occurrence of anemia and iron, zinc and vitamin A deficiencies. METHODS: This prospective cohort study followed 58 preemies born in 2014 until they reached six months corrected age. The preemies were followed at a referral secondary health service and represented 63.7% of the preterm infants born that year. Outcomes of interest included high or low adherence to iron, zinc and multivitamin supplementation guidelines; prevalence of anemia; and prevalences of iron, zinc, and vitamin A deficiencies. The prevalence ratios were calculated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: Thirty-eight (65.5%) preemies presented high adherence to micronutrient supplementation guidelines. At six months of corrected age, no preemie had vitamin A deficiency. The prevalences of anemia, iron deficiency and zinc deficiency were higher in the low-adherence group but also concerning in the high-adherence group. Preemies with low adherence to micronutrient supplementation guidelines were 2.5 times more likely to develop anemia and 3.1 times more likely to develop zinc deficiency. Low maternal education level increased the likelihood of nonadherence to all three supplements by 2.2 times. CONCLUSIONS: Low maternal education level was independently associated with low adherence to iron, zinc and vitamin A supplementation guidelines in preemies, which impacted the prevalences of anemia and iron and zinc deficiencies at six months of corrected age

Hope and trust in times of Zika: the views of caregivers and healthcare workers at the forefront of the epidemic in Brazil.

This article investigates how hope and trust played out for two groups at the forefront of the Zika epidemic: caregivers of children with congenital Zika syndrome and healthcare workers. We conducted 76 in-depth interviews with members of both groups to examine hope and trust in clinical settings, as well as trust in public institutions, in the health system and in the government of Brazil. During and after the Zika epidemic, hope and trust were important to manage uncertainty and risk, given the lack of scientific evidence about the neurological consequences of Zika virus infection. The capacity of healthcare workers and caregivers to trust and to co-create hope seems to have allowed relationships to develop that cushioned social impacts, reinforced adherence to therapeutics and enabled information flow. Hope facilitated parents to trust healthcare workers and interventions. Hope and trust appeared to be central in the establishment of support networks for caregivers. At the same time, mistrust in the government and state institutions may have allowed rumours and alternative explanations about Zika to spread. It may also have strengthened activism in mother's associations, which seemed to have both positive and negative implications for healthcare service delivery. The findings also point to distrust in international health actors and global health agenda, which can impact community engagement in future outbreak responses in Brazil and other countries in Latin America

The association of depression, anxiety, and stress with caring for a child with Congenital Zika Syndrome in Brazil; Results of a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy can cause microcephaly and a wide spectrum of severe adverse outcomes, collectively called "Congenital Zika Syndrome" (CZS). Parenting a child with disabilities can have adverse mental health impacts, but these associations have not been fully explored in the context of CZS in Brazil. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Recife and Rio de Janeiro, including 163 caregivers of a child with CZS (cases) and 324 caregivers with an unaffected child (comparison subjects), identified from existing studies. The primary caregiver, almost always the mother, was interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect information on: depression, anxiety, and stress (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-DASS-21), social support (Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale-MOS-SSS), and socio-demographic data. Data was collected May 2017-January 2018. Ethical standards were adhered to throughout the research. A high proportion of mothers reported experiencing severe or extremely severe levels of depression (18%), anxiety (27%) and stress (36%). Mothers of children with CZS were more likely to experience symptoms of depression, anxiety andstress, compared to mothers of comparison children. These associations were more apparent among mothers living in Rio de Janeiro. These differences were reduced after adjustment for socio-economic status and social support. Among mothers of children with CZS, low social support was linked to higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress, but there was no association with socio-economic status. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Depression, anxiety and stress were very common among mothers of young children in Brazil, regardless of whether they were parenting a child with disabilities. Mothers of children with CZS may be particularly vulnerable to poor mental health, and this association may be buffered through better social support