La lagune de Saquarema (Brésil) : hydroclimat, seston et éléments biogéniques au cours d'un cycle annuel

La lagune de Saquarema (située entre 42° et 43° de longitude ouest et à environ 23° de latitude sud, de superficie et de profondeur respectivement égales à 23 km2 et 1,15 m) fait partie d'une série de lagunes cotières de l'Etat de Rio Janeiro soumises à des degrés divers à la pression anthropique. Une description de son environnement est présentée, portant sur l'évolution au cours de 1987, de l'hydroclimat, du seston et des éléments biogéniques dissous. Il est observé une grande variabilité temporelle contrôlée principalement par l'alternance brusque d'eaux d'origines continentale et marine et aussi un gradient spatial bien marqué provenant d'une subdivision de la lagune en un compartiment à plus forte influence marine atteint par la pollution domestique. Cette lagune passe d'un état modérément eutrophe en hiver (par exemple Chla = 28 à 40 microg/l) à un état hypereutrophe en été (par exemple Chla = 300 microg/l) qui peut conduire à une crise dystrophique suivie de mortalité de poissons (cas d'avril 1987). (Résumé d'auteur

Multifunctional heterometallic Iriii-Aui probes as promising anticancer and antiangiogenic agents

A new class of emissive cyclometallated IrIII-AuI complexes with a bis(diphenylphosphino) methanide bridging ligand was successfully synthesised from the diphosphino complex [Ir(N^C)2(dppm)]+ (1). The different gold ancillary ligand, a triphenylphosphine (2), a chloride (3) or a thiocytosine (4) did not reveal any significant effect on the photophysical properties, which are mainly due to metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) transitions based on IrIII. However, the AuI fragment, along with the ancillary ligand, seemed crucial for the bioactivity in A549 lung carcinoma cells versus endothelial cells. Both cell types display variable sensitivities to the complexes (IC50=0.6–3.5 µM). The apoptotic pathway is activated in all cases, and paraptotic cell death seems to take place at initial stages in A549 cells. Species 2–4 showed at least dual lysosomal and mitochondrial biodistribution in A549 cells, with an initial lysosomal localisation and a possible trafficking process between both organelles with time. The bimetallic IrIII-AuI complexes disrupted the mitochondrial transmembrane potential in A549 cells and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition in comparison with that displayed by the monometallic complex 1. Angiogenic activity assays performed in endothelial cells revealed the promising antimetastatic potential of 1, 2 and 4. © 2021 The Authors. Chemistry - A European Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH

Predictive value of PSA velocity over early clinical and pathological parameters in patients with localized prostate cancer who undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the behavior of the prostate specific antigen velocity (PSAV) in localized prostate adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 500 men who had localized prostate adenocarcinoma, who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy between January 1986 and December 1999. The PSAV was calculated for each patient and subsequently, the values were correlated with 5 groups: age, initial PSA value, clinical stage, tumor volume and Gleason score. RESULTS: The behavior of PSAV presented statistic significance with an increment between 1.3 ng/mL and 9.6 ng/mL, ranging from 38.6% and 59.8% when compared with the initial PSA value (p < 0.0001), clinical stage (p = 0.0002), tumor volume (p < 0.0001) and Gleason score (p = 0.0009). CONCLUSION: PSAV up to 2.5 ng/mL/year is associated with factors of good prognosis, such as initial PSA below 10 mg/mL, clinical stage T1, tumor volume below 20% and Gleason score lower than 7.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Division of UrologyUNIFESP, EPM, Division of UrologySciEL

EXAME REPRODUTIVO EM GATO-DO-MATO-PEQUENO (Leopardus tigrinus Schreber, 1775)

A better understanding of the reproductive physiology of Neotropical small felids is necessary to get a more consistent reproductive performance aiming to increase the number of individuals that reproduce in the captive population and to develop and use assisted reproduction techniques. Andrologic examinations (n=32) were performed in three series of captive small catamounts (Leopardus tigrinus, n=11), at Itaipu Binacional Wildlife Breeding Center, at Foz do Iguassu PR Brazil. Animals were kept in enriched enclosures and were fed with bovine meat, whole chicken, rats, supplemented with minerals and vitamins. The anesthetic protocol used was xilazine (0.9 mg/kg, IM) combined with tiletamine/zolazepan (6.7 mg/kg, IM). The electroejaculation protocol used was described by Howard (1986) and consisted in 8 series of 10 stimulus, with intensity varying from 2 to 5 volts. Urine contamination was detected in 10 semen samples (31.2%), being possible to discard these and make good use of the other ones. Values are depicted as mean ± SEM. The characteristics of the semen were: volume 0.13 ± 0.20 ml; motility 73.44 ± 3.71%; status 3.48 ± 0.11; pH 7.58 ± 0.07. Spermatic concentration was 436.41 ± 95.8 x 106 cells/ml, with 55.86 ± 3.34 % morphologically normal spermatozoids. Results demonstrated that the used protocol was efficient in all animals submitted to semen collection and that teratospermia is high in this species.O objetivo desta pesquisa foi obter melhor compreensão da fisiologia reprodutiva dos pequenos felídeos neotropicais, necessária para um desempenho reprodutivo mais consistente em cativeiro e aumentar o número de indivíduos que se reproduzem na população cativa. Foram realizadas três séries de exames reprodutivos (n=32) em 11 gatos-do-mato-pequeno (Leopardus tigrinus), mantidos em cativeiro no Criadouro de Animais Silvestres da Itaipu Binacional, em Foz do Iguaçu PR. Os animais estavam alojados em recintos ambientados e eram alimentados com carne bovina, frango, pintainhos, ratos e suplemento mineral/vitamínico. O protocolo anestésico utilizado foi a associação de cloridrato de xilazina e cloridrato de tiletamina/zolazepan nas doses médias de 0,95 mg/Kg e 6,7 mg/kg, respectivamente. Os animais foram submetidos à colheita de sêmen pelo método de eletroejaculação conforme protocolo descrito por HOWARD (1986) com 8 séries de 10 estímulos, variando a intensidade de 2 a 5 Volts. Houve contaminação por urina em 10 colheitas (31,2%), sendo possível desprezar as alíquotas contaminadas, com aproveitamento do restante da amostra. O volume médio obtido foi de 0,13 ± 0,20 ml, com motilidade média de 73,44 ± 3,71 % e vigor de 3,48 ± 0,11 . O pH médio foi 7,58 ± 0,07. A concentração espermática foi de 436,41 ± 95,8 x 106 espermatozóides/ml, sendo que a porcentagem média de espermatozóides morfologicamente normais foi de 55,86 ± 3,34 %. Os valores obtidos nesta amostragem são compatíveis com os descritos por outros autores, contribuindo assim, na formação de um banco de dados de características reprodutivas, para felídeos desta espécie mantidos em cativeiro

Nutrient regeneration susceptibility under contrasting sedimentary conditions from the Rio de Janeiro coast, Brazil

Dissolved silicate (DSi), NH4+, NO3− and PO43 − susceptibility to be exchanged between sediment pore waters and overlying waters was evaluated in Jurujuba Sound (JS station) and Coroa Grande Sound (CGS station), southeastern Brazil. Sedimentary elemental (C, N and P) and isotopic (δ13C and δ15N) compositions evidenced stronger anthropogenic fertilization in JS station. Net NO3− influxes from overlying waters occurred, which was two orders of magnitude higher under the more fertilized condition. This condition resulted in 6–13-times higher net effluxes of NH4+, DSi and PO43 − to overlying waters. Vertical alternation between production and consumption processes in pore waters contributed for a more limited regeneration in CGS station. This was associated with diagenetic responses to sedimentary grain size variability in deeper layers and biological disturbance in upper layers. Nearly continuous production of NH4+, DSi and PO43 − in pore waters implied in intensified susceptibility to remobilization under the eutrophic condition of JS station

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Incluye contenido parcial de los autoresBiological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a speciesto become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonna-tive habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this dataset, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposeda geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into theNeotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced recordson alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 speciesbelonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotrop-ics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Floridain the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 coun-tries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g.,Callithrixsp.,Myocastor coypus,Nasua nasua)considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The mostnumerous species in terms of records are fromBossp. (n=37,782),Sus scrofa(n=6,730), andCanis familiaris(n=10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caf-fer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of spe-cies in the data set (n=20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomicidentification of the generaCallithrix,which includes the speciesCallithrix aurita, Callithrixflaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, andtheir hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion riskassessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copy-right restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We alsorequest that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the dat