Inducción de germinación, crecimiento de plántula y cultivo in vitro de pitahaya Hylocereus undatus (Haworth) Britton and Rose

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Botánica) UANLUANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

"Cnidoscolus chayamansa" hidropónica orgánica y su capacidad hipoglucemiante, calidad nutraceutica y toxicidad

Chaya is a plant nutritional quality and has high potential for public health in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most chronic degenerative diseases prevalent in Mexico. Moreover, in recent years has been increasing interest in assessing the effects of using plant extracts as safe alternative for the treatment of diabetes. Recent studies have shown that extracts of chaya (Cnidoscolus chayamansa) have antioxidant properties. However, it is unknown whether infusions (aqueous extracts) of the plant possess hypoglycemic properties. The hypoglycemic ability and toxicity of an infusion of leaves of hydroponic chaya organically produced were evaluated by in vivo models using male Wistar albino rats (evaluation of hypoglycemic capacity), and larvae of Artemia salina (determination of toxicity). The phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of infusion were also determined. The consumption of the evaluated infusion reduced glucose levels of diabetic rats, having a higher hypoglycemic effect that the application of glibenclamide. The toxicity assessment showed that infusion of organic hydroponic chaya leaf is not toxic and is safe for consumption as potential hypoglycemic agent.La chaya es una planta con calidad nutricional y posee un alto potencial en la salud pública en el tratamiento de diabetes mellitus. La diabetes mellitus es una de las enfermedades crónico-degenerativas con mayor prevalencia en México. Por otra parte, en los últimos años se ha incrementando el interés por la evaluación de los efectos del consumo de extractos de plantas como alternativa inocua para el tratamiento de diabetes. Estudios recientes han demostrado que extractos de chaya (Cnidoscolus chayamansa) tienen propiedades antioxidantes. Sin embargo, se desconoce si las infusiones (extractos acuosos) de dicha planta poseen propiedades hipoglicemiantes. La capacidad hipoglicemiante y toxicidad de una infusión de hojas de chaya hidropónica producida orgánicamente fueron evaluadas mediante modelos in vivo, usando ratas macho Wistar albinas (evaluación de capacidad hipoglicemiante), y larvas de Artemia salina (determinación de toxicidad). Asimismo se determinaron el contenido fenólico y la capacidad antioxidante de la infusión. El consumo de la infusión evaluada redujo los niveles de glucosa de las ratas diabéticas, teniendo un mayor efecto hipoglicemiante que la aplicación de glibenclamida. La evaluación de toxicidad mostro que la infusión de hoja de chaya hidropónica orgánica no es toxica y es segura para su consumo como potencial agente hipoglicemiante

Identification and characterization of microRNAs from Entamoeba histolytica HM1-IMSS.

BACKGROUND: Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis, a disease that is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large group of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in regulating gene expression and protein translation in animals. Genome-wide identification of miRNAs is a critical step to facilitating our understanding of genome organization, genome biology, evolution, and post-transcriptional regulation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We sequenced a small RNA library prepared from a culture of trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica Strain HM1-IMSS using a deep DNA sequencing approach. Deep sequencing yielded 16 million high-quality short sequence reads containing a total of 5 million non-redundant sequence reads. Based on a bioinformatics pipeline, we found that only 0.5% of these non-redundant small RNA reads were a perfect match with the drafted E. histolytica genome. We did not find miRNA homologs in plant or animal miRNAs. We discovered 199 new potential Entamoeba histolytica miRNAs. The expression and sequence of these Ehi-miRNAs were further validated through microarray by µParaflo Microfluidic Biochip Technology. Ten potential miRNAs were additionally confirmed by real time RT-PCR analysis. Prediction of target genes matched 32 known genes and 34 hypothetical genes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results show that there is a number of regulatory miRNAs in Entamoeba histolytica. The collection of miRNAs in this parasite could be used as a new platform to study genomic structure, gene regulation and networks, development, and host-parasite interactions

Length distribution of mappable reads.

<p>Most of the reads that are likely to be miRNAs are of 25 to 26 nucleotides in size accounting for 40% of the total mappable reads.</p

Pie plot of data filtering and database mapping.

<p>Distribution of reads obtained by deep Sequencing of trophozoites from Entamoeba histolytica.</p

Correlation of cluster nt average vs microarray.

<p>The correlation of 0.532 suggesting agreement between expression estimations from the microarray and deep sequencing.</p