Non-Specific Antibodies Induce Lysosomal Activation in Atlantic Salmon Macrophages Infected by Piscirickettsia salmonis

Piscirickettsia salmonis, an aggressive intracellular pathogen, is the etiological agent of salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS). This is a chronic multisystemic disease that generates high mortalities and large losses in Chilean salmon farming, threatening the sustainability of the salmon industry. Previous reports suggest that P. salmonis is able to survive and replicate in salmonid macrophages, inducing an anti-inflammatory environment and a limited lysosomal response that may be associated with host immune evasion mechanisms favoring bacterial survival. Current control and prophylaxis strategies against P. salmonis (based on the use of antibiotics and vaccines) have not had the expected success against infection. This makes it urgent to unravel the host-pathogen interaction to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we evaluated the effect of treatment with IgM-beads on lysosomal activity in Atlantic salmon macrophage-enriched cell cultures infected with P. salmonis by analyzing the lysosomal pH and proteolytic ability through confocal microscopy. The impact of IgM-beads on cytotoxicity induced by P. salmonis in infected cells was evaluated by quantification of cell lysis through release of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Bacterial load was determined by quantification of 16S rDNA copy number by qPCR, and counting of colony-forming units (CFU) present in the extracellular and intracellular environment. Our results suggest that stimulation with antibodies promotes lysosomal activity by lowering lysosomal pH and increasing the proteolytic activity within this organelle. Additionally, incubation with IgM-beads elicits a decrease in bacterial-induced cytotoxicity in infected Atlantic salmon macrophages and reduces the bacterial load. Overall, our results suggest that stimulation of cells infected by P. salmonis with IgM-beads reverses the modulation of the lysosomal activity induced by bacterial infection, promoting macrophage survival and bacterial elimination. This work represents a new important evidence to understand the bacterial evasion mechanisms established by P. salmonis and contribute to the development of new effective therapeutic strategies against SRS

Sembrando comunidad y cultivando autonomía en el Morrón : Vereda La Sucia, Corregimiento San Sebastián de Palmitas, Medellín

RESUMEN: El presente material pedagógico constituye una invitación desde el Morrón a la ciudad y a sus habitantes para que vuelvan la mirada al campo y a sus paisajes, a su agricultura y a su gente amable, llena de conocimientos para compartir y dispuesta a crear condiciones de vida digna en su territorio. En la producción de este material pedagógico participaron paciente y delicadamente las y los habitantes de El Morrón, aportándole en sesiones de trabajo colectivo, recorridos por los lugares significativos de la vereda y talleres de intercambio de conocimientos y experiencias

Sistema de gestión de entrenos para natación carreras

Este proyecto se realiza principalmente porque busca llevar a cabo una idea de emprendimiento y lograr las metas planteadas. De la misma manera se busca suplir a la necesidad que se presenta actualmente dentro del campo deportivo y sus instituciones con la falta de una herramienta de gestión y monitoreo. (Convocatoria de entrenadores semestral, 2021) Los beneficios que puede aportar este proyecto al ambiente de formación deportiva en la ciudad de Cali, son organizacionales ya que ofrece una herramienta de soporte que permite gestionar y estructurar la información de manera más ordenada de los deportistas dentro de cada uno de los clubes. Por tal razón se planteó la realización de este proyecto donde, por medio de una solución tecnológica basada en dispositivos móviles se les ofrece a estos entornos de formación deportiva contar con la ayuda de una herramienta que les permita gestionar y monitorear sus datos.PregradoIngeniero(a) de Sistema

Fabrication and Characterization of a Flexible Thin-Film-Based Array of Microelectrodes for Corneal Electrical Stimulation

The electric stimulation (ES) of the cornea is a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of degenerative visual diseases. Currently, ES is delivered by placing a mono-element electrode on the surface of the cornea that uniformly stimulates the eye along the electrode site. It has been reported that a certain degree of correlation exists between the location of the stimulated retinal area and the position of the electrode. Therefore, in this study, we present the development of a sectioned surface electrode for selective electric stimulation of the human cornea. The proposed device consists of 16 independent microelectrodes, a reference electrode, and 18 contact pads. The microelectrodes have a size of 200 µm × 200 µm, are arranged in a 4 × 4 matrix, and cover a total stimulation area of 16 mm2. The proposed fabrication process, based on surface micromachining technology and flexible electronics, uses only three materials: polyimide, aluminum, and titanium, which allow us to obtain a simplified, ergonomic, and reproducible fabrication process. The fabricated prototype was validated to laboratory level by electrical and electrochemical tests, showing a relatively high electrical conductivity and average impedance from 712 kΩ to 1.4 MΩ at the clinically relevant frequency range (from 11 Hz to 30 Hz). Additionally, the biocompatibility of the electrode prototype was demonstrated by performing in vivo tests and by analyzing the polyimide films using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The resulting electrode prototype is robust, mechanically flexible, and biocompatible, with a high potential to be used for selective ES of the cornea