Concepto de proyecto: lecciones de experiencia

El concepto de “proyecto” engloba una disparidad semántica que se extiende en todos los ámbitos de la actividad profesional y no profesional. Dentro de la actividad profesional destacan los proyectos que incorporan la ingeniería para la transformación de la realidad. Situándose en el ámbito de los proyectos de ingeniería, y comenzando por las raíces etimológicas de los términos, se efectúa una revisión de las definiciones dadas por diferentes autores y su relación con las corrientes sociológicas de las últimas décadas. El proyecto de ingeniería, que surgió como una herramienta para el desarrollo de ideas tecnológicas, se ha ido enriqueciendo con el pensamiento normativo-legal, con las variables económico-financieras, los parámetros de gestión, y más recientemente, con los aspectos medioambientales. Sin embargo, los proyectos de ingeniería afectan e inciden directamente sobre las personas, involucrando a grupos, agentes, organizaciones, empresas e instituciones. En la actualidad, se consideran esenciales las implicaciones sociales en los proyectos, sin embargo la tecnología para la integración social en estos no está consolidada. Esta comunicación pretende aportar un nuevo marco basado en la experiencia para el desarrollo de los proyectos de ingeniería en el contexto del “desarrollo humano”, situando a las personas en el centro del proyecto

Concept of project: learning lessons

The concept of Project encompasses a semantic disparity that involves all areas of professional and nonprofessional activity. In the engineering projects domain, and starting by the etymological roots of the terms, a review of the definitions given by different authors and their relation with sociological trends of the last decades is carried out. The engineering projects began as a tool for the development of technological ideas and have been improved with legal, economic and management parameters and recently with environmental aspects. However, the engineering projects involve people, groups, agents, organizations, companies and institutions. Nowadays, the social implications of projects are taken into consideration but the technology for social integration is not consolidated. This communication provides a new framework based on the experience for the development of engineering projects in the context of "human development", placing people in the center of the projec

Effect of soybean oil on the concentration of vaccenic and rumenic fatty acids in grazing cow milk

El aceite de soya, rico en ácido linoleico, además del aporte de ácido linolénico mayoritario en el forraje, puede mejorar la producción de los ácidos grasos (AG) insaturados en la leche de vacas en pastoreo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la adición de aceite de soya (0, 3 y 6 % BS), en dietas completas mezcladas parcial (pTMR) para seis vacas Holstein multíparas en pastoreo, sobre el desempeño productivo, producción, composición y perfil de AG, con énfasis en el contenido de AG vaccénico (AV) y ruménico (AR) en leche. El diseño experimental fue un cuadro latino repetido 33 con tres periodos experimentales de 21 d cada uno, y los tratamientos (T) fueron: T1pTMR-0, T2pTMR-3 y, T3pTMR-6. Los datos se analizaron con el procedimiento MIXTO y polinomios ortogonales para los efecto lineal y cuadrático (p0.05). El consumo de TMR disminuyó linealmente (p0.05) al aumentar el contenido de aceite de soya en la dieta. La leche de las vacas con pTMR-6 y pTMR-3 tuvieron 20.8 y 7.6 % menor contenido de AG saturados comparada con pTMR-0 (p0.05), principalmente una disminución de los AG C12, C14 y C16. El AV aumentó 50.3 y 128.7 % en la leche de las vacas con pTMR-3 y pTMR-6, comparado con pTMR-0; el AR fue mayor (p0.05) en pTMR-3. En conclusión, la adición de 6 % de aceite de soya en la TMR de vacas Holstein en pastoreo, aumentó la eficiencia productiva, modificó la composición de la leche y aumentó el contenido de AV y AR

Lepton flavor changing Higgs decays in the littlest Higgs model with T-parity

We calculate loop induced lepton flavor violating Higgs decays in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity. We find that a finite amplitude is obtained only when all contributions from the T-odd lepton sector are included. This is in contrast to lepton fla- vor violating processes mediated by gauge bosons where the partners of the right-handed mirror leptons can be decoupled from the spectrum. These partners are necessary to can- cel the divergence in the Higgs mass introduced by the mirror leptons but are otherwise unnecessary and assumed to be decoupled in previous phenomenological studies. Further- more, as we emphasize, including the partner leptons in the spectrum also introduces a new source of lepton flavor violation via their couplings to the physical pseudo-Goldstone electroweak triplet scalar. Although this extra source also affects lepton flavor changing gauge transitions, it decouples from these amplitudes in the limit of heavy mass for the partner leptons. We find that the corresponding Higgs branching ratio into taus and muons can be as large as ~ 0.2 × 10 -6 for T-odd masses of the order a few TeV, a demanding challenge even for the high luminosity LHC.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Dependence From The Perspective Of Primary Caregivers Of People With Disabilities

The paper is focused on informal caregivers of people with disabilities, particularly in mentally handicapped persons. Informal caregiver refers to those relatives, friends or any person who make this task without any formal economic remuneration. Only in few cases, caregivers are able to receive some economic aid by the administration. We develop a questionnaire to analyze personal, familiar, economic and social situation of primary caregivers. The empirical results are based on a sample of 128 caregivers of a spanish association created for people with disabilities

Failure Diagnosis on Photovoltaic Modules Using Thermography, Electroluminescence, Rgb and I-V Techniques

Different techniques can be used to detect and quantify PV modules anomalies, as visual inspections, electrical tests like the I-V curve test, infrared thermography (IRT) or electroluminescence (EL). PV plants operators usually apply only one or two of them within the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) activities. Additionally, researchers usually studied them separately. However, these methods provide complementary results, glimpsing interesting information about the PV site state. The main strength of the research performed is the simultaneous study of all these inspection techniques, studying the correlation between them. Results confirm that, EL and IRT under current injection on modules are closely correlated, while IRT under normal operation (sun exposure) reveals complementary information not detected in EL but existing in the visible spectrum. In conclusion, it is advisable using as many techniques as possible to characterize the actual state of the module and to explain its I-V curve.Proyecto de Investigación ENE2017-89561-C4-3-R (MCIN)Proyecto de Investigación RTC-2017-6712-3 (MCIN)Proyecto de Investigación VA283P18 (Junta de Castilla y León

Effects of dietary chromium-yeast level on growth performance, blood metabolites, meat traits and muscle fatty acids profile, and microminerals content in liver and bone of lambs

To assess the effect of dietary supplement levels of chromium-yeast (Cr-yeast) on growth performance, blood glucose and triglycerides, fatty acid (FA) profile in intramuscular fat, carcase and meat traits, iron, copper, chromium and zinc concentrations in liver and bone, 24 Rambouillet male lambs (29.2 ± 0.17 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to four diets with 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6mg Cr/kg DM. The growth performance trial lasted 49 d. Supplemental Cryeast did not affect growth performance and carcase characteristics (p>.05), but reduced (p<.05) perirenal and intramuscular fat, as well as 3 h post-feeding blood glucose and triglycerides concentration. In liver, Fe and Cu concentration decreased (p<.05), while Cr concentrations in liver increased with increasing Cr-yeast dietary levels. In bone, Fe decreased (p<.05) as Cryeast dietary levels increasing, and Cr-yeast supplementation increased Cr concentrations (p<.05). As Cr-yeast dietary level increased, palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) SFA decreased linearly (p<.05), while palmitoleic (C16:1n-7), vaccenic (C18:1n-7), linoleic (C18:2n-6) and arachidic (C20:4) unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) increased linearly (p<.01). In conclusion, Cr-yeast did not affect growth performance and carcase quality, but decreased the perirenal and intramuscular fat, blood glucose and triglyceride content, and Fe and Cu concentrations in liver as increased Cr-yeast levels in the diet. Because supplemental Cr-yeast improved index of atherogenicity and unsaturated to saturated FA ratio in muscle of lambs, it could be of human nutritional interest