Errors in the measurement systems with the inclusion of single-phase loads at 220V in three-phase distribution networks

[EN] This research analyzes the problems presented by the measurement systems in one Phase three wires electrical distribution networks when single-phase loads are connected to 220V and proposes to replace the equation to eliminate the error that occurs in the energy meter. This case of study was given in Ecuador due to the massive inclusion of induction cookers through the change of the energy matrix promoted by the state since this account with more than 90 of hydroelectric energy to meet their electric demand. It is important to explain that this research does not include in the state of the art the problem and the solutions, because of this novelty was presented promptly in Ecuador due to the technical conditions of the energy distribution system, at the voltage level versus the construction voltage of the single-phase loads that in the case of induction, cookers were imported from countries that handle 220V single-phase voltages. This consequence does not present a choice, it is ethical for those responsible for the measurement systems of the Utility, to present a solution to the inconvenience of how it is developed in this investigation.This work was supported by Universitat Politectica de Valencia in Valencia (Spain), the Smart University 2.0 Research Group of the Universidad Catolica de Cuenca (Ecuador), and the Utility CENTROSUR for the data, equipment and laboratory to perform the tests (Ecuador).Toledo, MA.; Álvarez, C.; Morales, DX.; Arias, C. (2019). Errors in the measurement systems with the inclusion of single-phase loads at 220V in three-phase distribution networks. IEEE. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1109/CHILECON47746.2019.8987564S1

Servitization and business models in project‐based firms: the case of energy efficient architecture

Purpose:In the context of energy-­efficient buildings, technological innovation and the particularities of design, installations, maintenance and use are presented as an ideal framework for studying the introduction of the phenomenon of servitization into the business models of project‐based firms (PBFs). In this article, we attempt to evaluate how servitization gains a leading role in existing business models in this area

El mensajero imprevisible : El dogma de la obra de John Zorn

Quiero escribir sobre algo complejo como es la música que me conmueve, una de las que elijo de inspiración y la que le pone sonidos a las fotos de los momentos imperceptibles. Pero centralmente quiero escribir sobre la creatividad de lo efímero como acto artístico supraconsciente de la obra de un artista incansable como John Zorn. Un músico multidimensional sin reglas fijas que busca la colisión permanente de las categorías musicales y que sorprende con sus ideas adueñándose de un elemento a veces (increíblemente) poco frecuente en el arte: la imprevisibilidad; esta cuestión es la que agota las entradas de sus espectáculos antes de que salgan a la venta y sostiene un record permanente de ventas y búsqueda en la web de sus discos. Cada presentación es una descarga continua de emoción y movimiento que interrogan la manera de concebir, estudiar, escuchar y ejecutar música, ya que no tiene frontera alguna tanto en lo geográfico como en lo estético, lo que causa una conmoción tal que lo sitúa desde su obra en el centro mismo de la polémica posmodernista. Personalmente siento que es una gran influencia a la hora de concebir música para muchos artistas dando una panorámica ecléctica y mixturada en donde asisten combinaciones tímbricas y sonoridades que trascienden lo escrito, lo estudiado, lo preconcebido y lo admitido, y a la vez tracciona entre lo tonal y lo atonal en el uso continuo de clusters, poliarmonías, escalas sintéticas y diferentes recursos que abren una imaginaria original y única. En sus discos no deja de haber melodías sutiles en medio y en diálogo con una rítmica cruzada y atronadora, y todo confluye en la representación de la metáfora de su poética sonora, que es mensajera, caudalosa, nerviosa, con una sensación de movimiento, viaje y nomadismo continuo. Bajo la mirada de la tesis doctoral del Dr. Edgar De Santo (2014) y su enfoque en sustratos que convergen en lo artístico: la materialidad, el canon, la metafísica y el contrato social voy a desarrollar las ideas acerca de la propuesta y puesta en escena musical de este artista inclasificable del underground que desde los bordes Ilega al centro mismo de cada escucha.Facultad de Arte

Joint effect of physical activity and sedentary behaviour on cardiovascular risk factors in Chilean adults

Background: To investigate the associations between combined categories of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with markers of adiposity and cardiovascular risk in adults. Methods: Overall, 5040 participants (mean age 46.4 years and 59.3% women) from the cross-sectional Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010 were included in this study. MVPA and SB were measured using the Global Physical Activity questionnaire. Four categories were computed using MVPA- and SB-specific cut-offs (‘High-SB & Active’, ‘Low-SB & Active’, ‘High-SB & Inactive’ and ‘Low-SB & Inactive’). Results: Compared to the reference group (‘High-SB & Inactive’), those in ‘High-SB & Active’ and ‘Low-SB & Active’ were less likely to have an obese BMI (OR: 0.67 [0.54; 0.85], P = 0.0001 and 0.74 [0.59; 0.92] P = 0.0007, respectively) and less likely to have metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.63 [0.49; 0.82], P < 0.0001 and 0.72 [0.57; 0.91], P = 0.007), central obesity (OR: 0.79 [0.65; 0.96], P = 0.016 and 0.71 [0.59; 0.84], P < 0.0001), diabetes (OR: 0.45 [0.35; 0.59], P < 0.0001 and 0.44 [0.34; 0.56], P < 0.0001) and hypertension (OR: 0.52 [0.43; 0.63], P < 0.0001 and 0.60 [0.50; 0.72], P < 0.0001), respectively. Conclusions: Being physically active and spending less time in SBs was associated with lower adiposity and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors

The impact of confounding on the associations of different adiposity measures with the incidence of cardiovascular disease: a cohort study of 296 535 adults of white European descent

Aims: The data regarding the associations of body mass index (BMI) with cardiovascular (CVD) risk, especially for those at the low categories of BMI, are conflicting. The aim of our study was to examine the associations of body composition (assessed by five different measures) with incident CVD outcomes in healthy individuals. Methods and results: A total of 296 535 participants (57.8% women) of white European descent without CVD at baseline from the UK biobank were included. Exposures were five different measures of adiposity. Fatal and non-fatal CVD events were the primary outcome. Low BMI (≤18.5 kg m−2) was associated with higher incidence of CVD and the lowest CVD risk was exhibited at BMI of 22–23 kg m−2 beyond, which the risk of CVD increased. This J-shaped association attenuated substantially in subgroup analyses, when we excluded participants with comorbidities. In contrast, the associations for the remaining adiposity measures were more linear; 1 SD increase in waist circumference was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.16 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.19] for women and 1.10 (95% CI 1.08–1.13) for men with similar magnitude of associations for 1 SD increase in waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and percentage body fat mass. Conclusion: Increasing adiposity has a detrimental association with CVD health in middle-aged men and women. The association of BMI with CVD appears more susceptible to confounding due to pre-existing comorbidities when compared with other adiposity measures. Any public misconception of a potential ‘protective’ effect of fat on CVD risk should be challenged

Presencia de Vulpes praeglacialis (Kormos, 1932) en el yacimiento pleistoceno de la Sierra de Quibas (Abanilla, Murcia)

En el presente trabajo se describen los primeros restos de un cánido en el Pleistoceno inferior de la Sierra de Quibas (Abanilla, Murcia), ampliándose la escasa representación de carnívoros en el yacimiento. Son atribuidos a la especie Vulpes praeglacialis, zorro típico del Pleistoceno inferior, en función de su reducido tamaño y del escaso desarrollo del dentículo posterior del p3.We describe the first remains of Canidae from the Lower Pleistocene karstic locality of Quibas (Abanillas, Murcia) that increasing the representation of carnivores in this site. These fossils are identified as Vulpes praeglacialis, the typical Lower Pleistocene fox. This assignment is based on their small size and the poorly developed posterior cuspid of the p/[email protected]

Sleep characteristics modify the association between genetic predisposition to obesity and anthropometric measurements in 119,679 UK Biobank participants

Background - Obesity is a multifactorial condition influenced by genetics, lifestyle and environment. Objective - To investigate whether the association between a validated genetic profile risk score for obesity (GPRS-obesity) with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) was modified by sleep characteristics. Design - This study included cross-sectional data from 119,859 white European adults, aged 37-73 years, participating on the UK Biobank. Interactions between GPRS-obesity, and sleep characteristics (sleep duration, chronotype, day napping, and shift work) in their effects on BMI and WC were investigated. Results - The GPRS-obesity was associated with BMI (β:0.57 kg.m-2 per standard deviation (SD) increase in GPRS, [95%CI:0.55, 0.60]; P=6.3x10-207) and WC (β:1.21 cm, [1.15, 1.28]; P=4.2x10-289). There were significant interactions between GPRS-obesity and a variety of sleep characteristics in their relationship with BMI (P-interaction <0.05). In participants who slept <7 hrs or >9 hrs daily, the effect of GPRS-obesity on BMI was stronger (β:0.60 [0.54, 0.65] and 0.73 [0.49, 0.97] kg.m-2 per SD increase in GPRS, respectively) than in normal length sleepers (7-9 hours; β:0.52 [0.49, 0.55] kg.m-2 per SD). A similar pattern was observed for shiftworkers (β:0.68 [0.59, 0.77] versus 0.54 [0.51, 0.58] kg.m-2 for non-shiftworkers) and for night-shiftworkers (β:0.69 [0.56, 0.82] versus 0.55 [0.51, 0.58] kg.m-2 for non-night- shiftworkers), for those taking naps during the day (β:0.65 [0.52, 0.78] versus 0.51 [0.48, 0.55] kg.m-2 for those who never/rarely had naps) and for those with a self-reported evening chronotype (β:0.72 [0.61, 0.82] versus β:0.52 [0.47, 0.57] kg.m-2 for morning chronotype). Similar findings were obtained using WC as the outcome. Conclusions – This study shows that the association between genetic risk for obesity and phenotypic adiposity measures is exacerbated by adverse sleeping characteristics

Induced martensitic transformation during tensile test in nanostructured bainitic steels

Retained austenite in nanostructured bainite is able to undergo mechanically induced martensitic transformation. However, the link between transformation and deformation mechanisms involved makes difficult the understanding of the process. In this work, a model has been developed to assess the effect of the external stress itself on the martensite phase transformation. In addition, after a detailed initial microstructural characterization, the martensite fraction evolution during tensile deformation has been obtained by means of X-ray diffraction analyses after interrupted tensile tests in several nanostructured bainitic steels. Experimental results have been compared to the outputs of the model, as a reference. They suggests that stress partitioning between phases upon tensile deformation is promoted by isothermal transformation at lower temperatures.The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the European Research Fund for Coal and Steel, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) for partially funding this research under the contracts RFSR-CT-2012-00017, RFSR-CT-2014-00016 and MAT2013-47460-C5-1−P respectively. LM-R also acknowledges this same Ministry for financial support with ref. FPI: BES-2011-044186.Peer Reviewe

Social engagement after stroke – is it relevant to cognitive function? A cross-sectional analysis of UK Biobank data

Background: Findings from studies in older adult populations suggest that measures of social engagement may be associated with health outcomes, including cognitive function. Plausibly the magnitude and direction of this association may differ in stroke. The disabling nature of stroke increases the likelihood of social isolation and stroke survivors are at high risk of cognitive decline. We assessed the association between social engagement and cognitive function in a sample of stroke survivors. Methods: We included available data from stroke survivors in the UK Biobank (N=8776; age range: 40-72; 57.4% male). In a series of regression models, we assessed cross-sectional associations between proxies of social engagement (frequency of family/friend visits, satisfaction with relationships, loneliness, opportunities to confide in someone, participation in social activities) and performance on domain specific cognitive tasks: reaction time, verbal-numerical reasoning, visual memory and prospective memory. We adjusted for demographics, health-, lifestyle-, and stroke-related factors. Accounting for multiple testing, we set our significance threshold at p<0.003. Results: After adjusting for covariates, we found independent associations between faster reaction times and monthly family visits as compared to no visit (standardised beta=-0.32, 99.7% CI: -0.61 to -0.03, N=4,930); slower reaction times and religious group participation (standardised beta=0.25, 99.7% CI 0.07 to 0.44, N=4,938); and poorer performance on both verbal-numerical reasoning and prospective memory tasks with loneliness (standardised beta=-0.19, 99.7% CI: -0.34 to -0.03, N=2,074; odds ratio=0.66, 99.7% CI: 0.46 to 0.94, N=2,188; respectively). In models where all proxies of social engagement were combined, no associations remained significant. Conclusions: We found limited task-specific associations between cognitive performance and proxies of social engagement, with only loneliness related to two tasks. Further studies are necessary to confirm and improve our understanding of these relationships and investigate the potential to target psychosocial factors to support cognitive function in stroke survivors

Association between active commuting and incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality: prospective cohort study

Objective: To investigate the association between active commuting and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all cause mortality. Design: Prospective population based study. Setting: UK Biobank. Participants: 263 450 participants (106 674 (52%) women; mean age 52.6), recruited from 22 sites across the UK. The exposure variable was the mode of transport used (walking, cycling, mixed mode v non-active (car or public transport)) to commute to and from work on a typical day. Main outcome measures: Incident (fatal and non-fatal) CVD and cancer, and deaths from CVD, cancer, or any causes. Results: 2430 participants died (496 were related to CVD and 1126 to cancer) over a median of 5.0 years (interquartile range 4.3-5.5) follow-up. There were 3748 cancer and 1110 CVD events. In maximally adjusted models, commuting by cycle and by mixed mode including cycling were associated with lower risk of all cause mortality (cycling hazard ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.42 to 0.83, P=0.002; mixed mode cycling 0.76, 0.58 to 1.00, P<0.05), cancer incidence (cycling 0.55, 0.44 to 0.69, P<0.001; mixed mode cycling 0.64, 0.45 to 0.91, P=0.01), and cancer mortality (cycling 0.60, 0.40 to 0.90, P=0.01; mixed mode cycling 0.68, 0.57 to 0.81, P<0.001). Commuting by cycling and walking were associated with a lower risk of CVD incidence (cycling 0.54, 0.33 to 0.88, P=0.01; walking 0.73, 0.54 to 0.99, P=0.04) and CVD mortality (cycling 0.48, 0.25 to 0.92, P=0.03; walking 0.64, 0.45 to 0.91, P=0.01). No statistically significant associations were observed for walking commuting and all cause mortality or cancer outcomes. Mixed mode commuting including walking was not noticeably associated with any of the measured outcomes. Conclusions: Cycle commuting was associated with a lower risk of CVD, cancer, and all cause mortality. Walking commuting was associated with a lower risk of CVD independent of major measured confounding factors. Initiatives to encourage and support active commuting could reduce risk of death and the burden of important chronic conditions