Arte de leer el idioma castellano

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Dionysius of Halicarnassus and the Syllabic Quantity

En el presente artículo se replantea la interpretación de cierto pasaje de Dionisio de Halicarnaso (De Comp. 15) como un precedente antiguo de la doctrina moderna que explica la cantidad larga por posición como efecto de la estructura cerrada de la sílaba. Aunque tiempo atrás el autor se mostrara favorable a la misma, actualmente estima que no hay pruebas sólidas que permitan darla por buena.This paper intends to re–examinate the interpretation of a text by Dionysius of Halicarnassus (De comp. 15) as an acient precedent of the modern doctrine which explains length by position as an effect of the closed structure of the syllable. Though some time ago the author favored this doctrine, at present he judges that there are not firm arguments in its behalf.Humanidade

Gerard Manley Hopkins. Veinte Poemas

Estas versiones de una selección de poemas de Gerard Manley Hopkins S. J. (1844-1889), uno de los más originales poetas ingleses de todos los tiempos, son obra de un traductor atípico. Abelardo Moralejo Álvarez (Santiago de Compostela, 10-6-1940-Madrid, 13-12-2012) era un médico que, tras haberse formado en la Facultad de Medicina de su ciudad natal y en el Hospital General de Asturias de Oviedo, ejerció como cirujano durante cuarenta años en el Hospital Clínico de San Carlos de Madrid

Notas sobre la historia de σύμφωνον / consonans

The modern word «consonant» patently derives from the Latin voice consonans, which, in turn, is a loan shift (semantic calque) from the Greek σύμφωνον. This paper aims to trace the history of both terms and to examine some of the modern usages they have been given. Traditionally, the use of the term σύμφωνα to indicate the set of current consonants seems to appear for the first time in the Τέχνη γραμματική, attributed to Alexandrian grammarian Dionysius Thrax (2nd century B.C.), an authorship that is, to say the least, considered suspicious by contemporary critics. The Latin voice consonans, for its part, is first attested in Quintilian at the end of the first century B.C.El moderno término «consonante» deriva evidentemente del latino consonans, que, a su vez, es un calco semántico del griego σύμφωνον. El presente trabajo trata de rastrear la historia de uno y otro término y someter a crítica algunos de los tratamientos modernos de que han sido objeto. Tradicionalmente, se ha considerado como primera aparición de la denominación σύμφωνα para designar al conjunto de las que hoy llamamos consonantes la que muestra la Τέχνη γραμματική atribuida al filólogo alejandrino Dionisio Tracio (siglo II a. C.), cuya autenticidad, sin embargo, es, cuando menos, sospechosa para la moderna crítica. Por su parte, el término latino consonans está acreditado por primera vez en Quintiliano, a finales del siglo I d. C

Los procesos de amortización de los soportes epigráficos en la antigüedad y en la época moderna

La detección de la reutilización de un soporte epigráfico y su consiguiente análisis es fundamental para el correcto aprovechamiento de los contenidos y del mensaje del "titulus" y para su completa interpretación histórica, desde que este pierde la función primaria para la que fue generado. Se analizan aquí los distintos ambientes en que estos epígrafes se insertaron desde la simple reutilización como material de construcción hasta su valorización como pieza del coleccionismo anticuario.The detection of the reutilization of an epigraphic support and his consequent analysis is fundamental for the correct utilization of the contents and of the message of the "titulus" and for his complete historical interpretation, since this one loses the primary function for the one that was generated. There are analyzed here the different environments in which these epigraphs were inserted from the simple reutilization as material of construction up to his valuation as piece of the collecting antiquarian

Resequencing the Vrs1 gene in Spanish barley landraces revealed reversion of six-rowed to two-rowed spike

Six-rowed spike 1 (Vrs1) is a gene of major importance for barley breeding and germplasm management as it is the main gene determining spike row-type (2-rowed vs. 6-rowed). This is a widely used DUS trait, and has been often associated to phenotypic traits beyond spike type. Comprehensive re-sequencing Vrs1 revealed three two-rowed alleles (Vrs1.b2; Vrs1.b3; Vrs1.t1) and four six-rowed (vrs1.a1; vrs1.a2; vrs1.a3; vrs1.a4) in the natural population. However, the current knowledge about Vrs1 alleles and its distribution among Spanish barley subpopulations is still underexploited. We analyzed the gene in a panel of 215 genotypes, made of Spanish landraces and European cultivars. Among 143 six-rowed accessions, 57 had the vrs1.a1 allele, 83 were vrs1.a2, and three showed the vrs1.a3 allele. Vrs1.b3 was found in most two-rowed accessions, and a new allele was observed in 7 out of 50 two-rowed Spanish landraces. This allele, named Vrs1.b5, contains a ‘T’ insertion in exon 2, originally proposed as the causal mutation giving rise to the six-row vrs1.a2 allele, but has an additional upstream deletion that results in the change of 15 amino acids and a potentially functional protein. We conclude that eight Vrs1 alleles (Vrs1.b2, Vrs1.b3, Vrs1.b5, Vrs1.t1, vrs1.a1, vrs1.a2, vrs1.a3, vrs1.a4) discriminate two and six-rowed barleys. The markers described will be useful for DUS identification, plant breeders, and other crop scientists.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness grants AGL2010-21929, AGL2013-48756-R, RFP2012-00015-00-00, RTA2012-00033-C03-02, and EUI2009-04075 (national code for Plant-KBBE project ExpResBar). CPC was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness grant no. BES-2011-045905 (linked to project AGL2010-21929). TK and SS were supported by a research fund by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Japan (Genomics for Agricultural Innovation grants no. TRS1002). SS was supported by a Grant-in-Aid from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Postdoctoral Fellow for Research Abroad and a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (no. 16 K18635)

Candidate genes underlying QTL for flowering time and their interactions in a wide spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cross

Response to vernalization and photoperiod are the main determinants controlling the time to flowering in temperate cereals. While the individual genes that determine a plant's response to these environmental signals are well characterized, the combinatorial effect on flowering time of allelic variants for multiple genes remains unresolved. This study investigated the genetic control of flowering-time in a biparental population of spring barley, derived from a wide cross between a late-flowering European and an early-flowering North-American cultivar. While the major flowering time genes are not segregating in the Beka × Logan cross, large variation in flowering was observed. We identified five QTL, with both parents found to contribute early alleles. The catalog of QTL discovered aligns with several candidate genes affecting flowering time in barley. The combination of particular alleles at HvCEN, HvELF3 and HvFT1 in Logan are responsible for the earliness of this cultivar. Interestingly, earliness for flowering could be further enhanced, with Beka found to contribute three early alleles, including a QTL co-locating with a HvFD-like gene, suggesting that there are diverse aspects of the flowering-time pathway that have been manipulated in these two cultivars. Epistatic interactions between flowering-time QTL or candidate genes were observed in field data and confirmed under controlled conditions. The results of this study link photoperiod-dependent flowering-time genes with earliness per se genes into a single model, thus providing a unique framework that can be used by geneticists and breeders to optimize flowering time in barley.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant numbers AGL2010-21929 and AGL2013-48756-R), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación, and the European Regional Development Fund (grant number AGL2016–80967-R), and Government of Aragon (Research Group A08_20R)