La pensión de alimentos en hijos mayores de edad: casuística y análisis jurisprudencial

El Derecho de Familia se define como el conjunto de normas que rigen la institución de la familia y las relaciones jurídicas que de ella se derivan. Estas relaciones familiares implican la consecución de determinados derechos y obligaciones. Entre dichas obligaciones se encuentra la obligación de alimentos entre parientes, que nace cuando alguno de los miembros que integra la familia no puede procurarse su propia subsistencia. En base a esta premisa, el objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis de la obligación de alimentos para el supuesto de hijos mayores de edad, con el foco inicialmente en los aspectos básicos de dicha obligación, así como en las diferencias en relación a los hijos menores de edad, para finalizar tratando parte de los principales problemas que pueden plantearse tanto a nivel de práctica jurídica como en el ejercicio diario de la profesión de abogado

Residuos medicamentosos de diclofenaco y su impacto en los buitres del género Gyps

Existe una preocupación creciente sobre los efectos de los residuos medicamentosos en el medio ambiente. Concretamente, un antiinflamatorio no esteroideo (AINE), el diclofenaco ha sido el responsable del grave declive poblacional que han sufrido los buitres en el continente asiático al consumir los cadáveres de animales tratados con este AINE. El diclofenaco tiene un amplio uso veterinario por lo que es importante conocer tanto el peligro como el riesgo que supone para estas carroñeras, esenciales para el equilibrio del ecosistema y excelentes centinelas de nuestro medio ambiente. El problema se sitúa en la interfase entre la salud animal y la medioambiental, por lo que presenta una clara orientación “One Health”.Fil: González, Fernando. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Veterinaria; España. Grupo de Rehabilitación de la Fauna Autóctona y su Hábitat; EspañaFil: Villén Molina, Elisa. Grupo de Rehabilitación de la Fauna Autóctona y su Hábitat; EspañaFil: López, Irene. Grupo de Rehabilitación de la Fauna Autóctona y su Hábitat; EspañaFil: Moraleda, Virginia. Grupo de Rehabilitación de la Fauna Autóctona y su Hábitat; EspañaFil: Suárez, Laura. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Veterinaria; España. Grupo de Rehabilitación de la Fauna Autóctona y su Hábitat; EspañaFil: Waxman Dova, Samanta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias. Cátedra de Anestesiología y Algiologia; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Casilda. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Veterinaria; Españ

Anti-Doping Knowledge of Students Undertaking Bachelor’s Degrees in Sports Sciences in Spain

In Spain, students pursuing a career in athletic training, physical education, or scientific evaluation of sports enroll in a bachelor’s degree in sports sciences. This degree provides knowledge and skills in a broad array of sports settings and promotes research-based interdisciplinary knowledge. However, the student’s syllabus rarely includes specific academic training on anti-doping regulations or doping prevention. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-doping knowledge of the students undertaking a bachelor’s degree in sports sciences in Spanish universities. One thousand two hundred and thirty-three bachelor students in sport science (907 males, 322 females, and 4 participants with non-binary sex) from 26 Spanish universities completed a validated questionnaire about general anti-doping knowledge. The questionnaire is an adapted version of the Play True Quiz of the World Anti-Doping Agency and contains 37 multiple-choice questions. The score obtained in the questionnaire was transformed into a 0–100-point scale. The questionnaire was distributed among students within each university by a faculty member and it was filled out online. Students obtained a score of 65.8 ± 10.10 points (range = 32–92 points). There was an effect of the course in the score obtained (p < 0.001). Students of the first course (63.6 ± 9.5 points) had lower scores than the remaining courses (p < 0.037) while the students of the fourth course obtained the highest scores (68.7 ± 9.5 points; p < 0.019). The students with an itinerary on sports performance were the respondents with the highest anti-doping knowledge (67.2 ± 10.2) points, followed by the students with an itinerary on health (66.7 ± 9.5 points). The knowledge of basic anti-doping rules and doping prevention strategies of the bachelor students in sports sciences in Spain was suboptimal. Increasing doping prevention information in the syllabus of the bachelor’s degree in sports sciences is essential as these future professionals will directly work with populations at risk of dopin

Breathing pattern in a phase I clinical trial of intraspinal injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The safety of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (ABMNC) intraspinal infusion in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients was evaluated considering breathing and sleep patterns. Patients between 20 and 65 years old were eligible if they had definite ALS, spinal onset, a disease duration between 6 and 36 months, FVC > 50%, and a below 90% oxygen saturation (T90) <2% of sleep time. The transplant was performed 6 months after enrollment. ABMNC were infused at thoracic 3–4 level. Eleven patients were included. The REM sleep decreased slightly one year after the cell transplant but not significantly. There were no differences in apnea–hipopnea index, mean oxygen saturation and nadir desaturation evolution. An increase of T90 was observed 180 and 360 days after injection (2.95 ± 1.51% and 4.30 ± 4.10% respectively), although it was not statistically significant. The central drive determined by occlusion pressure (P01) and inspiratory flow showed non-significant differences after one year. Intramedullary injection of ABMNC did not worsen the cortico medullar diaphragmatic pathways.Peer reviewe

Captive Breeding and Trichomonas gallinae Alter the Oral Microbiome of Bonelli’s Eagle Chicks

Bonelli’s eagle (Aquila fasciata) is an endangered raptor species in Europe, and trichomonosis is one of the menaces affecting chicks at nest. In this paper, we attempt to describe the oral microbiome of Bonelli’s eagle nestlings and evaluate the influence of several factors, such as captivity breeding, Trichomonas gallinae infection, and the presence of lesions at the oropharynx. The core oral microbiome of Bonelli’s eagle is composed of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria as the most abundant phyla, and Megamonas and Bacteroides as the most abundant genera. None of the factors analysed showed a significant influence on alfa diversity, but beta diversity was affected for some of them. Captivity breeding exerted a high influence on the composition of the oral microbiome, with significant differences in the four most abundant phyla, with a relative increase of Proteobacteria and a decrease of the other three phyla in comparison with chicks bred at nest. Some genera were more abundant in captivity bred chicks, such as Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Clostridium and Staphylococcus, while Bacteroides, Oceanivirga, Peptostreptococcus, Gemella, Veillonella, Mycoplasma, Suttonella, Alloscardovia, Varibaculum and Campylobacter were more abundant in nest raised chicks. T. gallinae infection slightly influenced the composition of the microbiome, but chicks displaying trichomonosis lesions had a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides and Gemella, being the last one an opportunistic pathogen of abscess complications in humans. Raptor’s microbiomes are scarcely studied. This is the first study on the factors that influence the oral microbiome of Bonelli’s eagle

Genetic favouring of pheomelanin-based pigmentation limits physiological benefits of coloniality in lesser kestrels Falco naumanni

© 2017 John Wiley & Sons LtdPheomelanin contributes to the pigmentation phenotype of animals by producing orange and light brown colours in the integument. However, pheomelanin synthesis in melanocytes requires consumption of glutathione (GSH), the most important intracellular antioxidant. Therefore, a genetic control favouring the production of large amounts of pheomelanin for pigmentation may lead to physiological costs under environmental conditions that promote oxidative stress. We investigated this possibility in the context of breeding coloniality, a reproductive strategy that may affect oxidative stress. We found in lesser kestrel Falco naumanni nestlings that the GSH:GSSG ratio, which decreases with systemic oxidative stress, increased with the size of the colony where they were reared, but the expression in feather melanocytes of five genes involved in pheomelanin synthesis (Slc7a11, Slc45a2, CTNS, MC1R and AGRP) did not vary with colony size. The antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of lesser kestrel nestlings also increased with colony size, but in a manner that depended on Slc7a11 expression and not on the expression of the other genes. Thus, antioxidant capacity increased with colony size only in nestlings least expressing Slc7a11, a gene with a known role in mediating cysteine (a constituent amino acid of GSH) consumption for pheomelanin production. The main predictor of the intensity of pheomelanin-based feather colour was Slc45a2 expression followed in importance by Slc7a11 expression, hence suggesting that the genetic regulation of the pigmentation phenotype mediated by Slc7a11 and a lack of epigenetic lability in this gene limits birds from benefiting from the physiological benefits of coloniality.Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Grant/Award Number: RYC-2012-10237info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Decomposition stages as a clue for estimating the post-mortem interval in carcasses and providing accurate bird collision rates

The estimation of the post-mortem interval is crucial to accurately provide bird collision rates against manmade infrastructures. Standard methodologies recommend initially clearing all carcasses to ensure that subsequent collisions can be attributed to known time intervals. In this study, we propose a more cost-efficient approach aiming to link the decomposition stages as unequivocally as possible to the most likely time elapsed since death. Factors influencing the decomposition stages of bird carcasses were evaluated by means of two experiments. Firstly, we examined carcasses of large birds in three seasons differing in temperature, sun radiation and humidity: summer, autumn and spring. Secondly, we tested the influence of body mass in the same season (spring) using small, medium-sized and large bird carcasses. Results showed that the decomposition score increased monotonically with time, attaining the highest magnitude effect. A carcass with a decomposition score ≥ 4 (skeletal reduction) was in the field for ≥ 15 days, whereas a carcass with a score < 3 (fresh or emphysematous) was exposed < 3 days. Decomposition scores were higher in summer and did not differ among carcass sizes. This study provides an alternative protocol to estimate the post-mortem interval in wild birds in studies in search of bird fatalities.Peer reviewe

Genetic favouring of pheomelanin-based pigmentation limits physiological benefits of coloniality in lesser kestrels Falco naumanni

Pheomelanin contributes to the pigmentation phenotype of animals by producing orange and light brown colours in the integument. However, pheomelanin synthesis in melanocytes requires consumption of glutathione (GSH), the most important intracellular antioxidant. Therefore, a genetic control favouring the production of large amounts of pheomelanin for pigmentation may lead to physiological costs under environmental conditions that promote oxidative stress. We investigated this possibility in the context of breeding coloniality, a reproductive strategy that may affect oxidative stress. We found in lesser kestrel Falco naumanni nestlings that the GSH:GSSG ratio, which decreases with systemic oxidative stress, increased with the size of the colony where they were reared, but the expression in feather melanocytes of five genes involved in pheomelanin synthesis (Slc7a11, Slc45a2, CTNS, MC1R and AGRP) did not vary with colony size. The antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of lesser kestrel nestlings also increased with colony size, but in a manner that depended on Slc7a11 expression and not on the expression of the other genes. Thus, antioxidant capacity increased with colony size only in nestlings least expressing Slc7a11, a gene with a known role in mediating cysteine (a constituent amino acid of GSH) consumption for pheomelanin production. The main predictor of the intensity of pheomelanin-based feather colour was Slc45a2 expression followed in importance by Slc7a11 expression, hence suggesting that the genetic regulation of the pigmentation phenotype mediated by Slc7a11 and a lack of epigenetic lability in this gene limits birds from benefiting from the physiological benefits of coloniality.I.G. was supported by a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (RYC‐2012‐10237) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)

Sleep quality, clinical and psychological manifestations in women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Aim: Sleep problems are a common complaint in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients. We analyzed sleep quality with subjective and objective measures in a sample with SLE and its possible relationships with the main manifestations of the disease. Method: 21 women with SLE and 20 healthy women participated in the study. All participants were evaluated with actigraphy for a week and they completed self-report instruments of sleep quality, quality of life, fatigue, anxiety, depression and perceived stress. Comparison analyses between the two groups were done using Chi-square and t-Student. The association between sleep quality and the remaining variables was explored using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: SLE patients had higher fragmentation index in the actigraphic analysis and a perception of poorer sleep quality more fatigue, anxiety and depression than the control group. Bivariate analyses showed that the perception of more sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction was associated with a lower health-related quality of life, more fatigue, emotional discomfort and more perceived stress. Also the fragmentation index in the actigraphy was significantly related to the perception of poorer quality of sleep. Conclusion: SLE women had a poorer sleep quality (objective and subjective). These alterations could play a modulatory role in clinical and psychological manifestations of the disease and affect the quality of life in this population. More research is needed to clarify these relations and to determine the potential benefits of interventions directed to improve sleep in the clinical managing of the patients with SLE.This study was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through project PSI-2014-58379-P

Factors Affecting Differential Underestimates of Bird Collision Fatalities at Electric Lines: A Case Study in the Canary Islands

[EN] Carcass counts notably underestimate avian collision rates due to three main biassources: imperfect detection, carcass removal by scavengers and carcass dispersion in unsearched areas. We assessed these sources of bias at electric lines of two Canary Islands, lanzarote and Fuerteventura, quantifying the factors influencing them. We also carried out a cost-effectiveness assessment of carcasssearch done perpendicularly to electric line axis. We surveyed 230km of three types of electric lines (high-voltage, medium voltage and telephone lines) during three periods (July 2015, November-December 2015 and March 2016) searching for collision fatalities (N = 431), recording the species, thecarcass distance from the electric line, mean cable height, carcass detection distance and decompositionstate. In addition, we carried out a disappearance rate experiment to estimate carcass removal byscavengers. A generalised least squares model was used to analyse dispersion distance of carcass fromelectric lines, in relation to species body mass, mean cable height and line typology. Detection probability functions were fitted to estimate carcass detectability, incorporating body mass, decompositionstate and habitat structure as covariates. A Generalised Mixed-Effects model was carried out to analysecarcass disappearance in relation to time elapsed since carcass placement,carcass size,season andisland. Dispersion distance decreased with body mass and increased with cable height, being further at high-voltage lines. Overall, detection probability was 0.134, increasing with carcass size, decreasingwith decomposition state and being lower in rocky areas which offered a significant challenge whenwalking through rough terrain. Disappearance rates differed between islands probably due to differencesin avian scavenger abundance, increased with time elapsed and decreased with bird size.This studyprovides correction factors to obtain unbiased estimates of avian mortality rates within sparsely vege-tated landscapes. Moreover, it identifies a 27m threshold distance at which the cost-effectiveness ofsearching for carcasses is optimised.—Gómez-Catasús, J., Carrascal, l.M., Moraleda, v., Colsa, J.,Garcés, F. & Schuster, C. (2021). Factors affecting differential underestimates of bird collision fatalities at electric lines: a case study in the Canary Islands.[ES] El conteo de cadáveres infravalora la tasa de colisión de aves debido a tres fuentes de sesgo: detección imperfecta, retirada de cadáveres por carroñeros y dispersión de cadáveres fuera de la zona de muestreo. En este trabajo se evalúan estas fuentes de sesgo en tendidos eléctricos de dos islas Canarias, Lanzarote y Fuerteventura, y se cuantifican los factores que les afectan. Además, se lleva acabo un análisis de costo-efectividad en la búsqueda de cadáveres perpendicularmente al eje de los tendidos. Se muestrearon 230 km de tres tipos de tendidos eléctricos(alta tensión, media tensión y tendidos telefónicos) en tres temporadas (julio 2015, noviembre-diciembre 2015 y marzo 2016) y para cada colisión (N = 431) se identificó la especie y se registró la distancia del cadáver al tendido, altura media delos cables, distancia de detección del cadáver y el estado de degradación. Además, se llevó a cabo un experimento para estimar la tasa de desaparición por carroñeros. Se ajustó un modelo generalizado de mínimos cuadrados para analizarla distancia de dispersión de los cadáveres frente a la masa corporal, altura media de los cables y tipología de línea. En segundo lugar, se aplicaron funciones de detección para estimar la detectabilidad de los cadáveres incorporando la masa corporal, el grado de descomposición y la estructura del hábitat como covariables. Por último, se ajustó un modelo mixto generalizado para analizar la tasa de desaparición de cadáveres con relación al tiempo transcurrido desde la colocación del cadáver, su tamaño, la temporada y la isla. la distancia de dispersión disminuyó con la masa corporal e incrementó con la altura de los cables, siendo mayor en las líneas de alta tensión. la probabilidad de detección fue de 0,134, incrementándose con la masa corporal y disminuyendo con el estado de descomposición-degradación, y fue menor en zonas rocosas que imponen dificultades para caminar.la tasa de desaparición de cadáveres difirió entre islas debido probablemente a la abundancia de carro-ñeros, se incrementó con el tiempo y disminuyó con el tamaño corporal. Este trabajo proporciona factores de corrección para obtener estimas fiables de la tasa de mortalidad de aves en paisajes con escasa vegetación. Además, identifica una distancia umbral de 27 metros donde se alcanzan los valores máximos de coste-efectividad en la búsqueda de cadáveres.—Gómez-Catasús, J., Carrascal, l. M., Moraleda, v., Colsa, J., Garcés, F. y Schuster, C. (2021).Factores que afectan a la subestimación diferencial de las colisiones de aves con líneas eléctricas: un caso de estudio en las islas Canarias.This study was supported by Red Eléctrica de España S.A.U.Peer reviewe