789 research outputs found
Financing Pensions for Public Sector Workers in Portugal: Estimates of the Long Run Impact on Public Finances
Environmental assessment of biomass pretreatment and processing towards bio-nanomaterials and bio-polymers enablers
Coffee consumption habits of portuguese adolescents and their association with the use of other psychoactive substances
Coffee is a psychoactive substance due to being a major source of caffeine. Adolescence is a developmental period where individuals might experiment and continue to use licit and illicit psychoactive substances. Evidence also suggests an association between coffee consumption and the use of other psychoactive substances. The studyâs aims were to determine the coffee consumption patterns of Portuguese adolescents and to evaluate the association between coffee consumption and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis in the same sample. The results showed that coffee consumption in adolescence can have its origins in an individualâs childhood; a large number of adolescents frequently consumes coffee; adolescents prefer to consume caffeinated coffee over decaffeinated coffee; and coffeeâs taste, the taste of coffee beverages, and coffeeâs psychoactive effects are the main reasons for coffee consumption in adolescence. No significant differences were found for coffee consumption before the pandemic and during the pandemicâs emergency social distancing measures. Lastly, no significant associations were found between coffee consumption and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis. Future research could extend on the present studyâs limitations and investigate coffee separated from the other caffeinated products. Practical implications relate to the possible clinical relevance of coffee consumption.O cafĂ© Ă© uma substĂąncia psicoativa devido ao seu conteĂșdo de cafeĂna. A adolescĂȘncia Ă© um perĂodo desenvolvimental em que os indivĂduos podem experimentar e continuar a usar substĂąncias psicoativas, licitas e ilĂcitas. Ademais, hĂĄ estudos que sugerem a existĂȘncia de associação entre o consumo de cafĂ© e o uso de outras substĂąncias psicoativas. Os objetivos do estudo foram determinar os padrĂ”es de consumo de cafĂ© e avaliar as associaçÔes entre o consumo de cafĂ© e o de tabaco, ĂĄlcool e canĂĄbis numa amostra de adolescentes portugueses. Os resultados demonstram que um elevado nĂșmero de adolescentes consome frequentemente; os adolescentes apresentam preferĂȘncia por cafĂ© com cafeina, em comparação com o cafĂ© descafeinado; e o sabor a cafĂ©, o sabor das bebidas com cafĂ©, e os seus efeitos psicoativos sĂŁo as principais razĂ”es para consumir cafĂ© na adolescĂȘncia. NĂŁo foram encontradas diferenças significativas no consumo de cafĂ© antes do surgimento da pandemia e durante os meses das primeiras medidas de distanciamento social. Por fim, nĂŁo foram encontradas associaçÔes significativas entre o consumo de cafĂ© e o consumo de outras substĂąncias psicoativas. A investigação futura poderĂĄ colmatar as limitaçÔes desta investigação e dedicar-se a estudar o cafĂ© separadamente das outras substĂąncias cafeinadas
Research to improve surgical oncological care on the surgical department, Maputo Central Hospital
Objetivo: No sentido de avaliar e implementar um programa de qualidade nos cuidados especializados prestados aos doentes oncolĂłgicos, que necessitam de intervençÔes cirĂșrgicas no Departamento CirĂșrgico do Hospital Central de Maputo (HCM), o maior hospital de Moçambique, conduzimos a presente investigação. AvaliĂĄmos os recursos cirĂșrgicos, habilidades da equipe de oncologia cirĂșrgica, identificamos e caracterizamos as neoplasias malignas prevalentes e o conhecimento global em oncologia e oncologia cirĂșrgica dos nossos proficionais. O objectivo ultimo era o de desenvolver um currĂculo abrangente e adequado para um prrograma de formação em oncologia cirĂșrgica para o Hospital e para Moçambique.
Metodologia: O primeiro estudo, realizado em 2017, tinha como objectivo inventariar os recursos e incluiu o preenchimento por parte dos cirurgiĂ”es de um questionĂĄrio (Avaliação das Unidades de oncologia para paĂses africanos de baixa ou mĂ©dia renda â anexo II), foram visitadas as Ă reas hospitalares associadas aos cuidados oncolĂłgicos (serviço de oncologia, UTI, sala de operaçÔes, etc.)e coletadas informaçÔes de acordo com o questionĂĄrio âAvaliação da Capacidade em Oncologia CirĂșrgica dos PaĂses Africanos de LĂngua Oficial Portuguesaâ (PSAC-Cirurgia - anexo III).
No segundo estudo, realizado em 2018, avaliou-se retrospectivamente os registros de doentes com cancro do HCM. As neoplasias malignas prevalentes foram identificadas e caracterizadas (anexo IV). O conhecimento global dos residentes em oncologia e oncologia cirĂșrgica, foi avaliado por meio de um teste de conhecimentos preenchido de forma anĂłnima e sem prĂ©vio aviso (anexo V). Os domĂnios abordados foram: Bases da oncologia, Radioterapia, Patologia, Quimioterapia, Tratamento da dor, Oncologia cirĂșrgica e Percurso clĂnico.
O terceiro estudo, feito realizado em 2019. Com recurso Ă metodologia Delphi modificada (3 etapas). Participaram 23 especialistas em oncologia que trabalham em Moçambique incluindo oncologistas cirĂșrgicos. Na primeira rodada, os participantes responderam a um questionĂĄrio sobre o conteĂșdo do currĂculo, o momento e local do treinamento. E foi produzido um rascunho do curriculo. Na segunda etapa, o rascunho do curriculo foi apresentada a uma amostra selecionada de especialistas nacionalmente reconhecidos em oncologia e oncologia cirĂșrgica, incluindo membros do ColĂ©gio Moçambicano de CirurgiĂ”es e lĂderes do MinistĂ©rio da SaĂșde. Na etapa final, para um consenso mais amplo, foi exposto o curriculo a um grande numero de especialistas em Oncologia cirurgica presente na reuniao da Aortic que decorreu em Novembro de 2019 em Maputo. foi discutida a versĂŁo final do programa de treino em oncologia cirĂșrgica. Obteve-se consenso sobre o currĂculo de treinamento em oncologia cirĂșrgica para Moçambique.
Resultados: O cancro da mama, do esófago e colorretal foram os tumores malignos mais comumente tratadas no HCM (departamento de Cirurgias). Uma série de necessidades técnicas e de recursos, bem como as lacunas de conhecimento e habilidades, foram identificadas.
Todos os cirurgiĂ”es reconheceram a necessidade de criar um programa de treinamento em oncologia ao nĂvel da graduação, e um treino especĂfico para residentes e educação oncolĂłgica continuada para cirurgiĂ”es gerais, para aprimorar a prĂĄtica da oncologia cirĂșrgica.
Foi produzido o prgrama de formação em Oncologia CirĂșrgica. Os princĂpios bĂĄsicos de oncologia e princĂpios bĂĄsicos de oncologia cirĂșrgica devem ser incluĂdos no currĂculo da residĂȘncia cirĂșrgica em Moçambique. Uma sub-especialização de 24 meses em Oncologia CirĂșrgica deve ocorrer apĂłs a residĂȘncia na ĂĄrea cirĂșrgica e a ter lugar no Hospital Central de Maputo, devendo incluir estĂĄgios em centros oncolĂłgicos de renome e familiares. A proposta final do programa tem a seguinte estrutura: a - componentes teĂłricas; b - duração; c - localização; d - metodologia; e - habilidades tĂ©cnicas em oncologia; e f - competĂȘncia e atenção especial Ă s doenças oncolĂłgicas prevalentes em Moçambique.Purpose: Regarding adequate care for oncological patients, requiring surgical interventions at the Surgical Department of Maputo Central Hospital (MCH), the largest hospital in Mozambique, the aim of those studies, was first to assess the surgical resources, surgical oncology team skills, identify and characterize prevalent cancers treated and general knowledge in oncology and surgical oncology, expecting the development of a comprehensive curriculum in surgical oncology fellowship fit for the Hospital and all Mozambique country.
Methods: The study 1, done in 2017, was based on surgeons questionnaire (The Cancer Units Assessment Checklist for low- or middle-income African countries (annex I), visiting the unities (oncology service, ICU, operations room, etc.) collecting information according to the Portuguese-speaking African Countries Assessment of Surgical Oncology Capacity Survey (PSAC-Surgery â annex II).
The study 2, done in 2018, by retrospective analysis of individual cancer patient registries of MCH, the prevalent cancers has been identified and characterized (annex IV). And the general knowledge in oncology and surgical oncology, this issue was evaluated by simple test administered anonymously and without prior notice to all surgeons and residents at the Surgical Department (annex V). The domains was about basis of Oncology, Radiotherapy, Pathology, Chemotherapy, Pain management, Surgical oncology and Clinical pathway.
The study 3, done in 2019, a three-round modified-Delphi approach was implemented to obtain consensus on surgical oncology training curriculum. The participants were purposefully selected 23 experts in surgical oncology working in Mozambique. In round one, participants answered a questionnaire regarding the content of the curriculum and the timing and venue of training. Draft of the curriculum was produced. In round 2, answers from the first round and the curriculum draft were presented to a purposeful selected sample of nationally recognized experts in oncology and surgical oncology, including members of the Mozambican College of Surgeons and leadership of the Ministry of Health. A final round was carried out to discuss the final version of the training program in surgical oncology with extensive participation of majority of african experts in surgical oncology (Aortic, Maputo).
Results: Breast, esophagus and colorectal cancers were the most commonly treated neoplasms in MCH (at Surgical department). A range of technical and resource needs as well as the gaps in knowledge and skills were identified.
All surgeons recognized the need to create a training program in oncology at the undergraduate level, specific training for residents and continuing oncological education for general surgeons, to improve the practice of surgical oncology. Basic principles of oncology and basic principles of surgical oncology should be included in the curriculum of surgical residency in Mozambique, a 24-months fellowship in surgical oncology should take place after residency in the surgical field and should occur at Maputo Central Hospital and at comprehensive cancer centers.
The final proposal for the program was divided into the following structure: a â theoretical components; b - duration; c - location; d - methodology; e - technical skills in oncology; and f - competency and paid particular attention to the oncological diseases prevalent in Mozambique
The Teutons in the West: Teutonic Cavalry in the Baltic (13th-15th centuries)
A presente tese procura um melhor entendimento sobre a cavalaria TeutĂłnica na regiĂŁo do mar BĂĄltico entre os sĂ©culos XIII a XV, particularmente porque a Ordem TeutĂłnica e todo o processo das Cruzadas no BĂĄltico recebem pouca atenção, sendo um tema que nĂŁo Ă© estudado em Portugal. Este trabalho, para alĂ©m de contar com bibliografia secundĂĄria sobre as Cruzadas, a cavalaria medieval, as Ordens Militares e o cavalo durante aquele perĂodo da Idade MĂ©dia, baseia-se sobretudo na consulta, tratamento e interpretação crĂtica de fontes primĂĄrias traduzidas, entre as quais se destacam as Regras do Templo e da Ordem TeutĂłnica, e as duas principais crĂłnicas desta segunda organização monĂĄstico/militar. Sempre que possĂvel, a Arqueologia virĂĄ em socorro da HistĂłria.
De forma a que o tema seja devidamente exposto, procurou-se contextualizar aqueles cavaleiros e os seus cavalos no seu espaço e tempo, isto Ă©, desde a fundação da Ordem na Terra Santa durante a Terceira Cruzada atĂ© Ă Batalha de Grunwald/Tannenberg na PolĂłnia em 1410. PorĂ©m, dada a natureza da Ordem (composição maioritariamente germĂąnica e sua ligação ao Sacro-ImpĂ©rio), serĂĄ dada especial atenção aos acontecimentos no BĂĄltico, dado que foi naquela regiĂŁo, nomeadamente na PrĂșssia, que a Ordem TeutĂłnica conseguiu desenvolver o seu âOrdensstaatâ e prolongar a sua existĂȘncia atĂ© se tornar completamente anacrĂłnica; tambĂ©m, pelo facto de as cruzadas contra os pagĂŁos no BĂĄltico se terem tornado preferĂveis para os cristĂŁos da Europa central e do norte por causa da proximidade geogrĂĄfica (e, por isso, por acarretar menores custos). Para alĂ©m desta contextualização, procurou-se tambĂ©m conhecer com mais profundidade os cavaleiros e cavalos teutĂłnicos: as suas origens, o seu treino e a relação entre o cavaleiro e a sua montada. De igual forma, o espaço onde viveram e lutaram, o seu sistema logĂstico e a panĂłplia de equipamento serĂŁo abordados. E, para uma imagem mais completa e coerente, para alĂ©m do combate propriamente dito, serĂŁo analisados, dentro do possĂvel, o tipo de traumas, sobretudo os fĂsicos, com que estes cavaleiros e cavalos tiveram de lidar.The following thesis aims at a better understanding of how Teutonic cavalry conducted warfare in the Baltic between the 13th and 15th centuries. Not only are the Teutonic Order and the Baltic Crusades given less attention in comparison to other subjects in the same field of study, they are subjects that are not studied in Portugal. This work features bibliographies pertaining the Crusades, medieval cavalry, the Military Orders and the medieval horse; it most predominantly relies on the critical consulting, treatment, and interpretation of translated primary sources, from which the Templar and Teutonic rules, as well as the main Teutonic chronicles are highlighted. Whenever possible, Archaeology will aid History.
To fully explore the subject at hand, it was attempted to contextualize these knights and their horses in their space and time; specifically, from the Orderâs foundation in the Holy Land during the Third Crusade to the Battle of Grunwald/Tannenberg in Poland (1410). However, given the nature of the Teutonic Order (mainly Germanic and linked to the Holy Roman Empire), special attention will be given to the Baltic, as it was in that region - namely in Prussia - that the Teutonic Order succeeded in creating the âOrdensstaatâ and managed to prolong its own existence until it became anachronistic. Another reason the Baltic will be featured in this thesis is because the act of crusading against the Baltic pagans became a preference to Northern and Central European Christians given their geographical proximity (and, consequently, was a cheaper endeavour). Beyond this contextualization, the design of this thesis is to understand as much as possible the Teutonic knights and horses: their backgrounds, their training, and the relationship between knight and mount. Similarly, the space where they lived and fought, their logistics, and their equipment will also be explored. And, for a complete and coherent picture, the types of trauma and the repercussions â especially physical â that these knights and horses dealt with will also be discussed, within reason
Estudo comparativo do manuseamento dos vårios dispositivos de inalação utilizados em Portugal**Trabalho concotTente ao Premia Thome Villar/Boehringer Ingelhcim, 1999 (Secção A)
ABSTRACTThe inhalation therapy has a fundamental role in the treatment of respiratory diseases. This importance is related to several facts: through this therapy, the drug has a direct action in the area under treatment, smaller amounts of the drug are needed, there are less side effects and there is a faster efficient result at beginning of the drug's action. When prescribing an inhaler, the physician has to consider several variables, namely their ability to be easily handled.The aim of this work is the study of the individual adjustment to each of the inhalation devices available in Portugal, the difficulty degree detected in the individual use of devices and their preferences about them.The population was constituted by eighty individuals, 49 (61,2%) males and 31 (38,8%) females, with ages ranging from 24 to 78 (mean 45 years), who never had contact with an inhaler before. After the presentation of the studied inhalers (MDI and the DPI's Rotahaler, Turbulzaler, Diskus, Diskhaler e Aerolizer), each of the individuals chooses the most and the least attractive. Then they were instructed how to handle each of the inhalers properly. They had three chances to handle each inhaler successfully after instruction. After the inhaling act, each individual had to select which inhaler were the easiest and the most difficult to handle and which one he/she would choose and would reject.The Diskus - 22 (27,5 %) and Aerolizer - 21 (26,2 %) were considered the most attractive; the Turbuhaler - 18 (22,5%) was considered the least attractive. The Turbuhaler followed by Diskus were the easiest to handle; on the contrary the MDI was the most difficult to handle. The Turbuhaler - 25 (31,2%) was elected as the easiest to handle; the MDI- 36 (45%) was selected as the most difficult to use. The Turbuhaler -25 (31,2%) followed by Diskus - 23 (28,7%) was the inhaler most chosen and the MDI - 38 (47,5%) was the most rejected. The study of the inhalers preferences according to some population characteristics showed us that the Turbuhaler is chosen preferentially by females and individuals with university grade while Diskus is chosen predominantly by males and individuals with less academic qualifications.The authors conclude that the Turbuhaler was the easiest to usc and the MDI was the most difficult. The choice of the inhaler was determined mainly by the easiness of the inhalation. There are some differences related to the inhalers preferences according to some population characteristics, namely sex and academic qualilications.REV PORT PNEU 2001; VII (:NĆ ESPECIAI/BRASIL): 9-2
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