Locus Of Control And Contraceptive Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Among University Students [lócus De Controle E Conhecimento, Atitude E Prática Contraceptivas Entre Adolescentes Universitários]

Objective: To assess the relationship between locus of control and knowledge, attitude and practice regarding pill and condom use among university students. Methods: The inquiry was developed in Campinas, a city in Southeastern Brazil, in 2006. A total of 295 adolescent newcomers to a public university answered a structured questionnaire and Levenson's multidimensional locus of control scale. The scores of the dimensions of locus of control were calculated and Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess their correlation with knowledge and practice concerning pill and condom use. In order to assess the relationship between the dimensions of locus of control and sociodemographic variables and variables related to the individuals' sex life, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used. RESULTS: Male adolescents had higher scores of powerful others externality when compared to female adolescents (p=0.01). Students living alone had lower internality (p=0.01). When locus of control was compared to condom use in the first intercourse, considering only the 102 students who informed the age of the beginning of sexual activity, greater internality was found among male adolescents who did not use condoms (p<0.05). When the locus of control scores were correlated with contraceptive knowledge and practice, it was found that the higher the powerful others externality locus, the lower the adequate use of contraceptive methods (r= -0.22, p=0.03). Conclusions: The powerful others externality locus influences the practice of contraceptive use in this group of adolescents.4413944Boruchovitch, E., Fatores associados a não-utilização de anticoncepcionais na adolescência (1992) Rev Saude Publica, 26 (6), pp. 437-443. , DOI:10.1590/S0034-89101992000600010Chubb, N.H., Fertman, C.I., Ross, J.L., Adolescent self-esteem and locus of control: a longitudinal study of gender and age differences (1997) Adolescence, 32 (125), pp. 113-129Commendador, K.A., Concept analysis of adolescent decision making and contraception (2003) Nurs Forum, 38 (4), pp. 27-35. , DOI:10.1111/j.0029-6473.2003.00027.xDela Coleta, M.F., Escala multidimensional de locus de controle de Levenson (1987) Arq Bras Psic, 39 (2), pp. 79-97Harvey, A.L., Risky and safe contraceptors: some personality factors (1976) J Psychol, 92 (1), pp. 109-112. , Half(1988) Designing clinical research: an epidemiological approach, p. 218. , Hulley, S.B., Cummings, S.R., editors. Baltimore: Williams & WilkinsMacDonald A.P., Jr., Internal-external locus of control and the practice of birth control (1970) Psychol Rep, 27 (1), p. 206Pirotta, K.C.M., Schor, N., Intenções reprodutivas e práticas de regulação da fecundidade entre universitários (2004) Rev Saude Publica, 38 (4), pp. 495-502. , DOI:10.1590/S0034-89102004000400003Ponto, M.T., Relationship between students' locus of control and satisfaction (1999) Br J Nurs, 8 (3), pp. 176-181Schor, N., Lopez, A.F., Adolescência e anticoncepção: 1. Estudo de conhecimento e uso em puérperas internadas por parto ou aborto (1990) Rev Saude Publica, 24 (6), pp. 506-511. , DOI:10.1590/S0034-89101990000600009Visher, S., The relationship of locus of control and contraception use in the adolescent population (1986) J Adolesc Health Care, 7 (3), pp. 183-186. , DOI:10.1016/S0197-0070(86)80036-5Young, T.M., Martin, S.S., Young, M.E., Ting, L., Internal poverty and teen pregnancy (2001) Adolescence, 36 (142), pp. 289-304Zanetti, M.L., Mendes, I.A., Tendência do locus de controle de pessoas diabéticas (1993) Rev Esc Enferm USP, 27 (2), pp. 246-26

Análise do plano de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos de Imperatriz (MA) para o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos

This paper aims to define how the disposal of solid waste occurs and to analyze the public policy for the treatment of solid waste in the city of Imperatriz, state of Maranhão. It is a documentary study, with a descriptive approach and qualitative design. It is worth mentioning that the city of Imperatriz is among those already implemented in the Municipal Plan for the Management of Urban Solid Waste (USW). The collection process promotes a state of reference for other cities, for having aroused a look at environmental issues and the connection with the industrial process. Therefore, the study shows that USW still reflects dissatisfaction between the population and the public administration. It can be understood that this is not a public USW policy, the municipality of Imperatriz has been cooperating for management. In developing the plan, in addition to the contribution to the environment in which it is inserted, the federal incentives for the further development of related activities are highlighted.Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever como ocorre o descarte dos resíduos sólidos e analisar a política pública de tratamento de resíduos sólidos na cidade de Imperatriz, estado do Maranhão. Trata-se de um estudo documental, com abordagem descritiva e delineamento qualitativo. Cabe mencionar que a cidade de Imperatriz se encontra entre aquelas que já implantaram o Plano Municipal de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU). O processo de coleta promove a cidade status de referência para outras cidades, por ter despertado um olhar acerca das questões ambientais e a ligação com o processo industrial. Assim, o estudo evidencia que os RSU refletem ainda insatisfação entre a população e a administração pública. Pode-se entender que no que concerne a política pública de RSU, o município de Imperatriz tem cooperado para o gerenciamento. Ao desenvolver o plano, além da contribuição com o meio ambiente em que está inserido, destaca-se os incentivos federais para a continuação do desenvolvimento das atividades relacionadas

Influence on clinical biochemistry values of black-tufted marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) anesthetized with isoflurane or sevoflurane

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical biochemistry behavior of Black-Tufted Marmosets (Callithrix penicillatta) submitted to blood collection without sedation and after general anesthesia with anesthetics isoflurane or sevoflurane. Blood collections were performed on (M1) day before anesthesia by physical restraint, and (M2) after anesthesia. There were four groups: Isoflurane (GI) and Sevoflurane (GS) using an anesthetic box. GIM: isoflurane induction with mask for a shorter period. Control group (GP): physical restraint in both moments. Plasma was separated and frozen to measure clinic biochemistry values. Urea was higher at M2 in groups GI and GP. AST was higher in M2 in GI, GS, and GP and only GI showed an increase in CK in M2. Glucose was higher in M1 in the GI, GS, and GP groups and fructosamine was higher in M2 in the GI. Stress caused by physical restraint can cause biochemical changes and these must be considered when interpreting the exams. Both the inhalational anesthetic isoflurane and sevoflurane did not cause clinically significant changes in clinical biochemistry results

Discussing Quantum Aspects of Higher-Derivative 3D-Gravity in the First-Order Formalism

In this paper, we reassess the issue of deriving the propagators and identifying the spectrum of excitations associated to the vielbein and spin connection of (1+2)-D gravity in the presence of dynamical torsion, while working in the first-order formulation. A number of peculiarities is pointed out whenever the Chern-Simons term is taken into account along with a combination of bilinear terms in the torsion tensor. We present a procedure to derive the full set of propagators, based on an algebra of enlarged spin-type operators, and we discuss under which conditions the poles of the tree-level 2-point functions correspond to physical excitations that do not conflict with causality and unitarity

Efficacy and safety of cumaru syrup as complementary therapy in mild persistent asthma: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study

Amburana cearensis is a medicinal plant known as "cumaru". It is used in Northeast Brazil in the treatment of respiratory diseases. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, with the aim of evaluating the efficacy and safety of cumaru syrup as complementary therapy in mild persistent asthma. The study consisted of 3 phases, pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment. The primary efficacy outcome was comparison of the changes reported by patients of the cumaru and placebo groups after treatment, using the "Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire" (AQLQ). The secondary outcome was the effect of cumaru syrup on lung function based on spirometry. The results showed that in the cumaru group, the proportion of patients who had global improvement in asthma symptoms was significantly greater (61.90%, P=0.0009) than in the placebo group (9.52%). Only the spirometric parameters Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) showed significant intergroup differences in post-treatment (P0.05). Adverse events were reported by 3 patients (14.29%) in the cumaru group and 3 patients (14.29%) in the placebo group. All adverse events were considered non-serious and mild.Amburana cearensis é uma planta medicinal conhecida como "cumaru". No Nordeste do Brasil é usada no tratamento de doenças respiratórias. Este é um estudo randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia e segurança do xarope de cumaru como terapia complementar da asma persistente leve. O estudo consistiu de três fases, pré-tratamento, tratamento e pós-tratamento. A variável primária para determinação da eficácia foi a comparação das mudanças referidas pelos pacientes dos grupos cumaru e placebo após o tratamento, usando o "Questionário sobre Qualidade de Vida na Asma" (QQVA). A variável secundária foi o efeito do xarope de cumaru na função pulmonar baseado na espirometria. Os resultados mostraram que no grupo cumaru, a proporção de pacientes com melhora global dos sintomas da asma foi significativamente maior (61,90%, P=0.0009) que no grupo placebo (9,52%). Somente os parâmetros espirométricos, capacidade vital forçada (CVF) e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), mostraram diferença intergrupo significtivas no pós-tratamento (P0.05). Eventos adversos foram reportados por 3 pacientes (14,29%) no grupo cumaru e 3 (14,29%) no grupo placebo. Todos os eventos adversos foram não sérios e leves

PYTHIA 6.4 Physics and Manual

The PYTHIA program can be used to generate high-energy-physics `events', i.e. sets of outgoing particles produced in the interactions between two incoming particles. The objective is to provide as accurate as possible a representation of event properties in a wide range of reactions, within and beyond the Standard Model, with emphasis on those where strong interactions play a role, directly or indirectly, and therefore multihadronic final states are produced. The physics is then not understood well enough to give an exact description; instead the program has to be based on a combination of analytical results and various QCD-based models. This physics input is summarized here, for areas such as hard subprocesses, initial- and final-state parton showers, underlying events and beam remnants, fragmentation and decays, and much more. Furthermore, extensive information is provided on all program elements: subroutines and functions, switches and parameters, and particle and process data. This should allow the user to tailor the generation task to the topics of interest.Comment: 576 pages, no figures, uses JHEP3.cls. The code and further information may be found on the PYTHIA web page: http://www.thep.lu.se/~torbjorn/Pythia.html Changes in version 2: Mistakenly deleted section heading for "Physics Processes" reinserted, affecting section numbering. Minor updates to take into account referee comments and new colour reconnection option