Holstein model and Peierls instability in 1D boson-fermion lattice gases

We study an ultracold bose-fermi mixture in a one dimensional optical lattice. When boson atoms are heavier then fermion atoms the system is described by an adiabatic Holstein model, exhibiting a Peierls instability for commensurate fermion filling factors. A Bosonic density wave with a wavenumber of twice the Fermi wavenumber will appear in the quasi one-dimensional system.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

The geology of Mount Taftan stratovolcano, southeast of Iran

Mount Taftan is a double-peaked stratovolcano, located in southeast of Iran. This volcano constructed a number of calderas among which one of the most important is Anjerk. The magmas erupted from this multi-caldera complex range from andesi-basalt to dacite, but are dominated by andesite and dacite. Two terminal cones, Narkuh and Matherkuh, culminate at 4100m and 3950m, respectively. There are three evolutionary stages in the history of the volcanic complex (stage 1: Palaevolcanism, 6.95±0.72 Ma, stage 2: Mesovolcanism, 6.01±0.15Ma and stage 3: Neovolcanism, 0.71 ± 0.03 Ma). The eruptive products consist of lava flows, ignimbrites and pyroclastic rocks. The later include tuffs, nuees ardents, breccias and sometimes reworked as lahars. Textural and mineralogical data suggest that both magma mixing and fractional crystallization were involved in the generation of the andesites and dacites. The magmas erupted from this volcano show a calc-alkaline trend. The corresponding lavas are calk-alkaline with a potasic tendency

Disordered Carbon nanotube alloys in the Effect Medium Super Cell Approximation

We investigate a disordered single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) in an effective medium super cell approximation (EMSCA). First type of disorder that we consider is the presence of vacancies. Our results show that the vacancies induce some bound states on their neighbor host sites, leading to the creation of a band around the Fermi energy in the SWCNT average density of states.Second type of disorder considered is a substitutional $B_{cb}N_{cn}C_{1-cb-cn}$ alloy due to it's applications in hetrojunctions. We found that for a fixed boron (nitrogen) concentration, by increasing the nitrogen (boron) concentration the averaged semiconducting gap, $E_{g}$, decreases and at a critical concentration it disappears. A consequence of our results for nano electronic devices is that by changing the boron(nitrogen) concentration, one can make a semiconductor SWCNT with a pre-determined energy gap.Comment: 4 page

Ferromagnetic semiconductor single wall carbon nanotube

Possibility of a ferromagnetic semiconductor single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT), where ferromagnetism is due to coupling between doped magnetic impurity on a zigzag SWCNT and electrons spin, is investigate. We found, in the weak impurity-spin couplings, at low impurity concentrations the spin up electrons density of states remain semiconductor while the spin down electrons density of states shows a metallic behavior. By increasing impurity concentrations the semiconducting gap of spin up electrons in the density of states is closed, hence a semiconductor to metallic phase transition is take place. In contrast, for the case of strong coupling, spin up electrons density of states remain semiconductor and spin down electron has metallic behavior. Also by increasing impurity spin magnitude, the semiconducting gap of spin up electrons is increased.Comment: 10 pages and 9 figure

Rough Set Theory Applied To Hyper BCK-Algebra

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notions of lower and upper approximation of a subset of a hyper BCK-algebra with respect to a hyper BCK-ideal. We give the notion of rough hyper subalgebra and rough hyper BCK-ideal, too, and we investigate their properties

Tuning of Crystal Nucleation and Growth by Proteins: Molecular Interactions at Solid-Liquid Interfaces in Biomineralization

The mineralized tissues of a bivalve mollusk and a sea urchin are both composed of calcium carbonate crystals that are intimately associated with acidic glycoproteins. In vitro studies in which carboxylate-, carbonate- and phosphate-containing crystals are grown in the presence of partially purified acidic glycoproteins from these two tissues show that some of these macro- molecules are able to interact specifically with certain crystal faces. Significantly all the affected crystal faces contain a common stereochemical motif. Interesting differences, however, were observed in the modes of interaction between the mollusk and sea urchin derived acidic glycoproteins. Only the former can induce oriented calcite nucleation in vitro and only the latter can interact from solution with specific calcite crystal faces. These differences are ascribed in part to the fact that the mollusk macromolecules are much more acidic than those from the sea urchin. Some of the acidic glycoproteins are also occluded inside the growing crystals. In the case of the sea urchin, and not of the mollusk, the proteins are preferentially located at specific crystal planes and their presence influences the mechanical properties of the crystal. A detailed study of these composite crystals by X-ray synchrotron radiation shows how the presence of the protein influences the crystal mosaicity. The interactions revealed by these studies follow well defined stereochemical rules, tuned by electrostatic forces. They, in turn, provide new \u27insight into some of the basic underlying processes occurring in biomineralization

Geochemistry of granitoids of the Lalezar area (Kerman, Iran)

The Lalezar granitoids crop out within the Urumiyeh-Dokhtar Volcanic Belt (U-DVB) which is the largest volcanic belt in Central Iran. These granitoids intrude Eocene volcano-sedimentary rocks and range from gabbrodiorites to granites, with dominance of diorites and tonalites. The mineral composition of the most felsic rocks is characterized by the abundance of Na-plagioclase, quartz, alkali feldspar and biotite (and hornblende, in granodiorites and tonalites). In dioritic and gabbroic rocks, plagioclase (Ca-rich, in the most mafic lithologies), hornblende, biotite and clinopyroxene are the most common minerals, sometimes accompanied by orthopyroxene. Two kind of enclaves have been identified within the intrusive rocks: some display the same features of the andesitic country volcanic rocks, and therefore, are interpreted as xenoliths; others have mineral assemblages similar to those of the enclosing granitoid but with larger proportions of mafic minerals, which suggests that they can represent disrupted portions of sectors of the magma chamber where preferential settling of heavy minerals took place. Major element geochemical data show that the Lazelar granitoids are mostly metaluminous, although the most felsic members (granites) attain slightly peraluminous compositions, with A/CNK varying from 0.85 to 1.03. Harker diagrams show, in general, good linear correlations that agree with a genetic relationship between the different granitoids, through fractional crystallization of plagioclase, pyroxene, amphibole, oxide minerals and apatite. In primitive mantle-normalized trace element spiderdiagrams, the analysed samples display strong enrichment in LILE compared to HFSE (15.78≤ RbN/YN ≤ 81.96), accompanied by negative anomalies of Nb, Ta and Ti. REE chondrite-normalized plots show moderate LREE enrichment (3.32 ≤ LaN/LuN ≤ 6.36) and slight to strong negative Eu anomalies (0.46 ≤ Eu/Eu* ≤ 0.92). In conclusion, the petrographical and geochemical features show that the Lalezar intrusives fit into I-type granitoids, belong to the calc-alkaline series and probably have been generated in a continental arc setting, which agrees with models previously presented to the U-DVB

Effect of foot reflexology on anxiety and agitation in patients under mechanical ventilation after open heart surgery: A randomized clinical trial study

زمینه و هدف: رویکردهای غیر دارویی از جمله ماساژ بازتابی پا به علت کاهش عوارض و هزینه ها در کانون توجه محققین در جامعه بیماران مختلف قرار گرفته است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر ماساژ بازتابی پا بر اضطراب و بیقراری بیماران تحت تهویه مکانیکی پس از جراحی قلب باز انجام شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی کنترل شده، سه گروهی و دو سو کور با طراحی اندازه گیری مکرر در دو بیمارستان وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج) تهران، از بهمن1392 تا اردیبهشت 1393 انجام شد. 96 بیمار کاندید جراحی قلب باز به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تخصیص تصادفی در سه گروه آزمون (ماساژ بازتابی پا 34 نفر)، درمان نما (تماس سطحی پاشنه پا 30 نفر) و کنترل (مراقبت های معمول 32 نفر) قرار گرفتند. در گروه آزمون، ماساژ بازتابی پا به مدت20 دقیقه بر روی نقاط بازتاب قلب و ریه، انجام شد. میزان اضطراب و بیقراری بر اساس مقیاس سنجش اضطراب (FAS) و مقیاس سنجش بیقراری ریچموند (RSAS) در 6 مرحله زمانی ثبت شد. یافته ها: داده های آماری 92 بیمار (31 نفر گروه آزمون، 30 نفر گروه درمان نما و 31 نفر گروه کنترل) جمع آوری گردید. در مقایسه روند تغییرات سطح اضطراب و بیقراری، آزمون درون گروهی فریدمن نشان داد، بین میانگین سطح اضطراب و بیقراری در گروه ها در مراحل زمانی مختلف تفاوت معنی دار آماری وجود دارد. همچنین آزمون کروسکال والیس نشان داد میزان اضطراب و بیقراری بین سه گروه در مراحل مختلف زمانی تفاوت معنی دار آماری با یکدیگر ندارند. نتیجه گیری: ماساژ بازتابی پا در نقاط بازتابی مربوط به قلب و ریه تغییر معنی داری در کاهش اضطراب و بیقراری بیماران پس از جراحی ایجاد نکرد

Superconducing Alloys with Weak and Strong Scattering: Anderson's Theorem and a Superconductor-Insulator Transition

We have studied the effects of strong impurity scattering on disordered superconductors beyond the low impurity concentration limit. By applying the full CPA to a superconductiong A-B binary alloy, we calculated the fluctuations of the local order parameters $\Delta_{A}, \Delta_{B}$ and charge densities, $n_{A}, n_{B}$ for weak and strong on site disorder. We find that for narrow band alloy s-wav e superconductors the conditions for Anderson's theorem are satisfied in general only for the case of particle-hole symmetry. In this case it is satisfied regardless whether we are in the weak or strong scattering regimes. Interestingly, we find that strong scattering leads to band splitting and in this regime for any band filling we have a critical concentration where a superconductor-insulator quantum phase transition occurs at T=0.Comment: 28 pages, 13 figure