Value of Ultrasound in the Detection of Benign and Malignant Breast Diseases: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study

Objectives: We sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods: This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in 203 patients with complete medical records who visited Mehr Medical Imaging Center for breast ultrasound between March 2014 and February 2016. The collected data comprised of demographic characteristics, ultrasound results (consisting of the anatomic area of the lesion, the involved side, and the ultrasound characteristics of the lesion), mammogram results, and pathology reports (if surgery or biopsy was performed). Results: For the diagnosis of malignant and benign lesions, ultrasound had a sensitivity of 93.9% and specificity of 86.5%; its positive and negative predictive values were 86.9% and 93.8%, respectively. Lesion type was significantly associated with a family history of breast cancer and fertility status (p 0.050). Conclusions: Mammography is the best technique for screening and identifying patients with non-mass-like breast lesions and microcalcifications. Considering the false positive and false-negative results, ultrasound is not a perfect screening modality. Future studies are recommended to study the value of ultrasound in the detection of high-risk breast cancer patients

Ultrasonographic determination of the thyroid volume in 7- 10 years old children of Bushehr port 2007

Background: Determination of thyroid volume using ultrasound has been recommended for monitoring public control of iodine deficiency programs in areas with mild iodine deficiency or with no iodine deficiency, instead of physical examination, in order to estimate the prevalence rate of goiter. The aim of this study was to determine the reference ranges of thyroid volume in Bushehr port. Methods: Thyroid volume of 1247 primary schoolchildren aged 7-10 years who were selected by probability proportionate to size method from rural and urban areas of Bushehr port was determined using ultrasonography. Medians and percentiles of thyroid volumes for age and body surface area were calculated for both genders. Results: The 97th percentiles of thyroid volume of Bushehr port schoolchildren according to age and sex were all lower than the corresponding sex-specific normative WHO reference values. Goiter prevalence was 1.68% according to WHO thyroid volume references for age in the studied population. The goiter prevalence according to age and body surface area-specific new normative WHO reference values were 7.13 and 7.17%, respectively. Conclusion: The 97th percentile for thyroid volume, calculated by ultrasonography in Bushehr port schoolchildren, were lower than the international WHO newly recommended reference values in all ages. Therefore, determination of a native reference value for estimating the prevalence rate of thyroid is highly recommended. According to ultrasonographically determined goiter prevalence, Bushehr is an iodine sufficient area

Study of effectiveness of self-regulated learning strategies on math anxiety of dependent cognitive style of school students

AIM: The purpose of this study was to the effectiveness of self-regulated learning strategies on math anxiety of dependent cognitive style school students. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population included all first grade high school female students consisted of 136 participants in the academic year 2014–2015, and the sampling method was random sampling. The instruments of this study were: The math anxiety questionnaire (totally 30-item scale, the scale is a 5 Likert-type scale, Cronbachs alpha 0/86) and instruments was Witkin's Group embedded figures test and 18 is the geometric shape, each of which consists of several irregular geometric shape. Concurrent validity for men 0/82, and for women was 0/63 in the pretest questionnaire completed math anxiety by the students and students had high math anxiety in the experimental two group and a one control group were replaced. The experimental groups received training in self-regulated learning strategies method in order to analyze the data. In all hypotheses, ANCOVA analysis and SPSS 22 (IBM SPSS Software SPSS Statistics is a software package used for statistical analysis) was used. RESULTS: According to the findings, the self-regulated learning strategies training is reduced math anxiety of dependent cognitive style school students. CONCLUSIONS: Employing the self-regulated learning strategies training reduced the math anxiety of dependent cognitive style school students

Ultrasonographic evaluation of the thyroid gland and goiter prevalence in Bushehr port as an iodine- sufficient area: 6- year prospective study in schoolchild

Background: The determination of goiter prevalence in children by thyroid ultrasound is an important tool for assessing iodine deficiency disorders. The main aim of this study was to determine thyroid volume and goiter prevalence in schoolchildren of Bushehr port, based on 2007 normative values. Materials and Methods : A probability proportionate-to-size cluster sampling method was used to obtain a representative sample of 1148 school children of Bushehr port aged 7-10 years. The median and 97th percentile of thyroid volumes for age and body surface area (BSA) was measured by data of ultrasonography. The normative value of thyroid volume of the 2007 study was used as reference. Results: The 97th percentile of thyroid volume based on age or BSA in school children was higher than the international normative reference. The age-, and BSA-adjusted mean of thyroid volume was higher in both sexes than the thyroid volume of school children in the 2007 study (p<0.0001). Application of the native thyroid volume reference resulted in a goiter prevalence of 7.57%. Conclusion The thyroid volumes of schoolchildren and goiter prevalence in Bushehr port were generally high compared to the baseline data obtained 6 years ago. The environmental goiterogenic factors should be investigated in this iodine-sufficient area