Predicting depression, anxiety, stress and academic procrastination based on smartphone addiction with emphasis on gender differences in students

Excessive use of smartphones is associated with academic procrastination, depression, anxiety and stress in students; Therefore, examining the relationship between smartphone addiction and procrastination and psychological vulnerability in students is of particular importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to predict depression, anxiety, stress and academic procrastination based on smartphone addiction with emphasis on gender differences in students. The present study was a descriptive correlational study. Using the stratified sampling method, 275 students (120 girls and 155 boys) of the first year high school students in Turkmanchay who were selected in the academic year 1399-1400. Research data were collected using Solomon and Rathblum (1984) Delayed Questionnaire, Mobile Phone Addiction Questionnaire (2013) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that between smartphone addiction with depression (r = 0.457), anxiety (r = 0.363), stress (r = 0.334) and academic procrastination (0.358) = r) There is a positive and significant relationship (P≥0.001). The results of multiple regression showed that in female students, desire for loneliness and creativity and in male students, desire and loneliness were the strongest predictors of depression, anxiety and stress. Also the strongest predictors of procrastination in female students were loneliness and de-creativity and in post-students loneliness. It can be concluded that addiction to mobile smartphones increases the level of stress and anxiety in students and stress and anxiety caused by addiction to smartphones also increases the level of procrastination among student

Evaluation of the validity and reliability of the entrapment scale in Iranian adolescents and Its relationship with suicidal ideation

This explored key aspects of the Integrated Motivational Volition theory in adolescents, particularly during a period when they experience significantly higher rates of suicidal ideation. The authors focused on assessing the validity and reliability of the Entrapment Scale among Iranian adolescents. The sample included 623 adolescents. The authors evaluated the scale's reliability and validity. The analysis revealed that Entrapment Scale demonstrated strong internal consistency, indicating that it consistently measured the concept of entrapment. The relationships between Entrapment Scale scores and depression, anxiety, hopelessness, defeat, and suicidal ideation were also found to be significant. This suggests that Entrapment Scale is a valid tool for assessing entrapment in this context. We also determined an optimal cut-off value of 18 on the Entrapment Scale, which showed a high sensitivity of 98 in identifying those at risk of entrapment-related issues, with a specificity of 73.6 in correctly identifying those without such issues. The study confirmed the structure of the Entrapment Scale remains consistent with its original form when applied to the adolescent population. Overall, the findings indicate that the Persian version of the Entrapment Scale is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating entrapment among Iranian adolescents

The incidences of oxidative –stress occurrence following two metabolic support measures in critically ill patients

<p><strong>Background:</strong> A high percentage of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) have systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria. Free radicals play an important role in initiation and development of SIRS. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the molecular changes of cellular antioxidant power in patients with SIRS who received enteral nutrition (EN) or EN combined with parenteral nutrition (PN).</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Two groups of 10 patients were enrolled in this randomized, controlled clinical trial. Those in the treatment group received EN+PN and the control group received only EN. Venous blood samples were taken just prior to initiation of nutritional support and then 24, 48 and 72 hours following entry into the study for examination of antioxidant parameters including total thiol, total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The two supportive regimens had different affects on total antioxidant capacity (P=0.005). In the EN group the amount of total antioxidant capacity was not significantly different in different days (P>0.05), but in the EN+PN group it was significantly different on third and forth days as compared to the first day. The two other parameters had no significant differences between the two groups.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> These results are suggesting that an increase in oxidative stress bio-markers are not necessarily related to the route of pharmaconutrition and may occur independently during metabolic support measures.</p> <strong>Keywords:</strong> Parenteral Nutrition, Enteral Nitrition, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Oxidative stres

Flexibility and inflexibility in an Iranian sample: psychometric properties of MPFI based on the Hexaflex model

Objectives: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) emphasizes the importance of psychological flexibility in promoting emotional, psychological, and social well-being, while also acknowledging rigidity as a precursor to psychological disorders. Analyzing the psychometric qualities based on the multidimensional Hexaflex model is critical for determining the efficiency of therapeutic interventions. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the psychometric features of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI) within the context of the Hexaflex model in a group of Iranian university students. Methods: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used in this study to evaluate the psychometric features of the flexibility/inflexibility scale (MPFI) in a sample of Iranian university students. Findings: In the exploratory factor analysis involving a sample of 300 students, six factors were identified for flexibility and six for inflexibility (56.3 males and 43.7 females). In the confirmatory factor analysis with a sample of 388 participants, the results validated 60 items across a total of six flexibility and inflexibility factors. This outcome can serve as a robust estimate for flexibility, inflexibility, the second-order model, and the final model. Cronbach’s alpha values for various components, including acceptance, present-moment awareness (or contact with the present moment), self as context, cognitive defusing, values, committed action, total flexibility, experiential avoidance, lack of present-moment awareness, self as content, fusion, lack of contact with values, inaction, and total inflexibility, were reported as follows: 0.818, 0.869, 0.862, 0.904, 0.935, 0.935, 0.942, 0.895, 0.839, 0.883, 0.904, 0.912, 0.941, and 0.941, respectively. Conclusions: The Farsi version of the MPFI for university students has great psychometric qualities, making it a reliable assessment instrument for the ACT. © 2024, The Author(s)