62,726 research outputs found
Lower Bound on the Propagation Speed of Gravity from Gravitational Cherenkov Radiation
Recently, interesting 4-D Lorentz violating models have been proposed, in
which all particles have a common maximum velocity , but gravity propagates
(in the preferred frame) with a different maximum velocity . We
show that the case is very tightly constrained by the observation of
the highest energy cosmic rays. Assuming a galactic origin for the cosmic rays
gives a conservative bound of ; if the cosmic rays
have an extragalactic origin the bound is orders of magnitude tighter, of order
.Comment: 8 pages with 1 figure, JHEP style. References added, slight
(superficial) change
UV Cascade in Classical Yang-Mills Theory
We study the real-time behavior of classical Yang-Mills theory under initial
conditions with nonperturbatively large, infrared field amplitudes. Our lattice
study confirms the cascade of energy towards higher momenta and lower
occupancy, which occurs via a scaling solution . Above a characteristic scale p_{max}, f falls
exponentially; below p_{max}, . We find no evidence for
different infrared exponents or for infrared occupancies in excess of those
described by this scaling solution. We also investigate what the fate of large
occupancies would be, both in the electric and the magnetic sector.Comment: 24 pages with 13 color figure
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Reduction of internal noise in auditory perceptual learning
This paper examines what mechanisms underlie auditory perceptual learning. Fifteen normal hearing adults performed two-alternative, forced choice, pure tone frequency discrimination for four sessions. External variability was introduced by adding a zero-mean Gaussian random variable to the frequency of each tone. Measures of internal noise, encoding efficiency, bias, and inattentiveness were derived using four methods (model fit, classification boundary, psychometric function, and double-pass consistency). The four methods gave convergent estimates of internal noise, which was found to decrease from 4.52 to 2.93 Hz with practice. No group-mean changes in encoding efficiency, bias, or inattentiveness were observed. It is concluded that learned improvements in frequency discrimination primarily reflect a reduction in internal noise. Data from highly experienced listeners and neural networks performing the same task are also reported. These results also indicated that auditory learning represents internal noise reduction, potentially through the re-weighting of frequency-specific channels
The Role of Response Bias in Perceptual Learning
Sensory judgments improve with practice. Such perceptual learning is often thought to reflect an increase in perceptual sensitivity. However, it may also represent a decrease in response bias, with unpracticed observers acting in part on a priori hunches rather than sensory evidence. To examine whether this is the case, 55 observers practiced making a basic auditory judgment (yes/no amplitude-modulation detection or forced-choice frequency/amplitude discrimination) over multiple days. With all tasks, bias was present initially, but decreased with practice. Notably, this was the case even on supposedly “bias-free,” 2-alternative forced-choice, tasks. In those tasks, observers did not favor the same response throughout (stationary bias), but did favor whichever response had been correct on previous trials (nonstationary bias). Means of correcting for bias are described. When applied, these showed that at least 13% of perceptual learning on a forced-choice task was due to reduction in bias. In other situations, changes in bias were shown to obscure the true extent of learning, with changes in estimated sensitivity increasing once bias was corrected for. The possible causes of bias and the implications for our understanding of perceptual learning are discussed
Investigation to develop a process for production of oxide fibers by melt draw technique Final report
Process for production of oxide fibers by melt draw techniqu
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Learning to detect a tone in unpredictable noise
Eight normal-hearing listeners practiced a tone-detection task in which a 1-kHz target was masked by a spectrally unpredictable multitone complex. Consistent learning was observed, with mean masking decreasing by 6.4 dB over five sessions (4500 trials). Reverse-correlation was used to estimate how listeners weighted each spectral region. Weight-vectors approximated the ideal more closely after practice, indicating that listeners were learning to attend selectively to the task relevant information. Once changes in weights were accounted for, no changes in internal noise (psychometric slope) were observed. It is concluded that this task elicits robust learning, which can be understood primarily as improved selective attention
Transport properties of the one-dimensional Hubbard model at finite temperature
We study finite-temperature transport properties of the one-dimensional
Hubbard model using the density matrix renormalization group. Our aim is
two-fold: First, we compute both the charge and the spin current correlation
function of the integrable model at half filling. The former decays rapidly,
implying that the corresponding Drude weight is either zero or very small.
Second, we calculate the optical charge conductivity sigma(omega) in presence
of small integrability-breaking next-nearest neighbor interactions (the
extended Hubbard model). The DC conductivity is finite and diverges as the
temperature is decreased below the gap. Our results thus suggest that the
half-filled, gapped Hubbard model is a normal charge conductor at finite
temperatures. As a testbed for our numerics, we compute sigma(omega) for the
integrable XXZ spin chain in its gapped phase
Classical Sphaleron Rate on Fine Lattices
We measure the sphaleron rate for hot, classical Yang-Mills theory on the
lattice, in order to study its dependence on lattice spacing. By using a
topological definition of Chern-Simons number and going to extremely fine
lattices (up to beta=32, or lattice spacing a = 1 / (8 g^2 T)) we demonstrate
nontrivial scaling. The topological susceptibility, converted to physical
units, falls with lattice spacing on fine lattices in a way which is consistent
with linear dependence on (the Arnold-Son-Yaffe scaling relation) and
strongly disfavors a nonzero continuum limit. We also explain some unusual
behavior of the rate in small volumes, reported by Ambjorn and Krasnitz.Comment: 14 pages, includes 5 figure
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