Student Preferences for College and Career Information

This study examined the preferences of high school seniors (N = 2901) for receiving college and career information, an area not well-studied previously. Key findings are: Parents and peers are rated to be very helpful sources of college and career information; school counselors are a helpful source of information for first-generation and low-income students; and the internet is a helpful source of information, but email and one-on-one are more preferred sources of information. The findings of this study are useful for K-12 education, college access, and higher education professionals to consider when developing policies and programs to provide college and career information to students

Photodissociation of Cl_2O at 248 and 308 nm

Molecular beam studies of Cl_2O photolysis at 248 and 308 nm have been repeated and the analysis refined. At 248 nm, three distinct dissociation pathways that led to Cl+ClO products were resolved. At 308 nm, the angular distribution was slightly more isotropic than previously reported, leaving open the possibility that Cl_2O excited at 308 nm lives longer than a rotational period

Hyperthermal neutral beam etching

A pulsed beam of hyperthermal fluorine atoms with an average translational energy of 4.8 eV has been used to demonstrate anisotropic etching of Si. For 1.4 Hz operation, a room-temperature etch rate of 300 Å/min for Si(100) has been measured at a distance of 30 cm from the source. A 14% undercutting for room-temperature etching of Novolac-masked Si features was achieved under single-collision conditions, with no detectable mask erosion. Translational energy and angular distributions of scattered fluorine atoms during steady-state etching of Si by a normal-incidence, collimated beam demonstrate that unreacted F atoms can scatter inelastically, retaining a significant fraction of their initial kinetic energies. The observed undercutting can be explained by secondary impingement of these high-energy F atoms, which are more reactive upon interaction with the sidewalls than would be expected if they desorbed from the surface at thermal energies after full accommodation. Time-of-flight distributions of volatile reaction products were also collected, and they show evidence for a dominant nonthermal reaction mechanism of the incident atoms with the surface in addition to a thermal reaction channel

Dissociation Dynamics of CIONO_2 and Relative Cl and ClO Product Yields following Photoexcitation at 308 nm

Chlorine nitrate photolysis at 308 nm has been investigated with a molecular beam technique. Two primary decomposition pathways, leading to Cl + NO_3 and ClO + NO_2, were observed. The branching ratio between these two respective channels was determined to be 0.67 ± 0.06 : 0.33 ± 0.06. This ratio is an upper limit because some of the ClO photoproducts may have undergone secondary photodissociation. The angular distributions of the photoproducts with respect to the direction of polarization of the exciting light were anisotropic. The anisotropy parameters were β= 0.5 ± 0.2 for the Cl + NO_3 channel and β= 1.1 ± 0.2 for the ClO + NO_2 channel, indicating that dissociation of ClONO_2 by either pathway occurs within a rotational period. Weak signal at mass-to-charge ratios of 35 and 51, arising from products with laboratory velocities close to the beam velocity, was observed. While this signal could result from statistical dissociation channels with a total relative yield of 0.07 or less, it is more likely attributable to products from ClO secondary photodissociation or from dissociation of clusters

Primary and secondary dissociation pathways in the ultraviolet photolysis of Cl_2O

The photodissociation of dichlorine monoxide (Cl_2O) at 308, 248, and 193 nm was studied by photofragment translational energy spectroscopy. The primary channel upon excitation at 308 and 248 nm was Cl–O bond fission with production of ClO+Cl. A fraction of the ClO photoproducts also underwent spontaneous secondary dissociation at 248 nm. The center-of-mass translational energy distribution for the ClO+Cl channel at 248 nm appeared to be bimodal with a high energy component that was similar in shape to the 308 nm distribution and a second, low energy component with a maximum close to the threshold for the 2Cl+O(3P) channel. Observation of a bimodal distribution suggests that two pathways with different dissociation dynamics lead to ClO+Cl products. The high product internal energy of the second component raises the possibility that ClO is formed in a previously unobserved spin-excited state a 4∑−. Following excitation at 193 nm, a concerted dissociation pathway leading to Cl_2+O was observed in addition to primary Cl–O bond breakage. In both processes, most of the diatomic photofragments were formed with sufficient internal energy that they spontaneously dissociated. The time-of-flight distributions of the Cl_2+O products suggest that these fragments are formed in two different channels Cl_2(3II)+O(3P) and Cl_2(X1∑)+O(1D)

Local Authority Development Collaboratives 2008-09 report

As part of the Study Support (SS) Quality Development Programme (QDP) the DCSF provided via Quality in Study Support (QiSS) a grant to develop collaboratives to support Local Authorities (LAs) working together to measure the impact of study support provision within and across regions. Each region was asked to invite Local Authorities (LAs) to commit time to specific projects alongside colleagues within the two themes under the umbrella of QA and impact measurement. Each group would then submit an action plan and budget which would be approved centrally before funding was approved. As a condition of the grant each participating LA initially was asked to carry out a Study Support self-review based on the criteria developed as part of the national framework for Study Support to demonstrate how the proposed collaborative project addressed developmental needs identified in the self-review. Each participating LA was asked to describe how the impact of the activity was evaluated and outcomes disseminated. In addition they were required to indicate how their ‘Development Collaborative’ (DC) has address staff or organisational or service development or delivery issues. 49 LAs participated in DCs during the year 2008-09 .13 DCs were planned but two withdrew and have not been reported upon compared to 19 undertaken in 2007-08). A number of notable outcomes resulted, ranging from increased involvement of young people as advocated and mentors through to holding a conference aimed at commissioners of services and LA Advisors to highlight the importance of engaging in study support activities

Molecular beam scattering from C-13 enriched Kapton and correlation with the EOIM-3 carousel experiment

Mass spectra of products emerging from identical samples of a C-13-enriched polyimide polymer (chemically equivalent to Kapton) under atomic oxygen bombardment in space and in the laboratory were collected. Reaction products unambiguously detected in space were CO-13, NO, (12)CO2, and (13)CO2. These reaction products and two others, H2O and CO-12, were detected in the laboratory, along with inelastically scattered atomic and molecular oxygen. Qualitative agreement was seen in the mass spectra taken in space and in the laboratory; the agreement may be improved by reducing the fraction of O2 in the laboratory molecular beam. Both laboratory and space data indicated that CO and CO2 products come preferentially from reaction with the imide component of the polymer chain, raising the possibility that the either component may degrade in part by the 'evaporation' of higher molecular weight fragments. Laboratory time-of-flight distributions showed: (1) incomplete energy accommodation of impinging O and O2 species that do not react with the surface; and (2) both hyperthermal and thermal CO and CO2 products, suggesting two distinct reaction mechanisms with the surface

The estimation of corneal rigidity by means of comparative tonometry

The estimation of corneal rigidity by means of comparative tonometr

Labor and Finance as Inevitably Transnational: Globalization Demands a Sophisticated and Transnational Lens

This Article examines the affect the pressures of globalization have had on labor and finance law. The authors describe how both of these areas affect and are affected by globalization. They discuss the contribution of socioeconomics to their understanding of both the impacts of globalization on labor and finance, and potential responses to those impacts. In conclusion, the authors discuss the importance of consciously and explicitly both recognizing the consequences of globalization, and integrating socioeconomic concepts into our teaching of these areas of the law

FORCE ASYMMETRY DURING ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS FOLLOWING ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION

The aim of this study was to compare isometric strength asymmetry in participants that have previously undergone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and a healthy control group. Three-dimensional force data (1000 Hz) were collected from 21 ACL (3.2 ± 1.8 years post-surgery) and 21 control participants during maximal isometric contractions. Peak knee flexion force displayed significant asymmetry differences between groups, with ACL participants showing greater asymmetry (7.6 %) than the control group (0.1 %). No significant asymmetry differences were found between groups for peak extension, adduction and internal rotation force. Results suggest that following ACL reconstruction and rehabilitation, external force production during knee flexion is significantly less on the affected side than the uninjured side, which has implications on rehabilitation monitoring